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7th Edition APA Changes and UC Best Practice

Discrepancy APA Guidance UC Best Practice Keywords in Abstract 2.10: Used for indexing in

databases and help readers find work during a search.

No keywords are to be included in the abstract for consistency.

Page Numbers for Paraphrases 8.23: You may include a page number in addition to the author and year for a paraphrase when it would help readers locate the relevant passage within a long or complex work (e.g., a book).

Do not include page numbers unless a direct quote is used. This will make it easier to read, and page numbers will indicate a direct quote.

Dates in in-text Citations 8.16: Year can be omitted from citation only when multiple narrative citations to a work appear within a single paragraph.

Adhere to APA guidelines.

Hyperlinks in References 9.35: Include DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks. Not necessary to include “Retrieved” or “Accessed” from. May be blue, underlined text or plain text not underlined.

Include DOIs and URLs as hyperlinks. Not necessary to include “Retrieved” or “Accessed from”. Use black font with no underline to be consistent with other text.

Headings

2.21: Double-space headings. Not necessary to add blank lines before or after headings, even if heading falls at the end of a page.

Headings should appear as they are in the UC dissertation templates.

Spacing Within Document 2.21: Double-space title page, abstract, text, headings, block quotations, reference list, between paragraphs, table and figure notes, and appendices. Add additional double space after title on title page.

Adhere to APA guidelines.

Publisher Location in References

9.29: Do not include publisher location in the reference.

Adhere to APA guidelines.

Multiple Authors in References 9.8: Provide surnames and initials for up to and including 20 authors with “&” before final author. For 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names with … before 19th author.

Adhere to APA guidelines.

Color in Figures 7.26: Avoid use of color except when it is necessary for understanding the material. If

All figures should be in grayscale.

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color is used, ensure figure can be understood when printed in grayscale.

Pronouns 5.5: If identified pronoun is not known or the gender of a generic or hypothetical person is irrelevant within the context, use “they”, “them”,” their”, etc. 4.19: Use “who” when referring to human beings. Use “that” or “which” when referring to nonhuman animals and inanimate objects.

Adhere to APA guidelines.

Numbering of Tables 7.10: Number tables in text using Arabic numerals, Table 1, Table 2, etc. 2.14: Number tables in the appendix. Give each one a number preceded by the letter of the appendix in which it appears (e.g., Table A1 for the first table in Appendix A, Table A2 for the second table in Appendix A.) If an appendix consists of one table or figure only, the table is referred to as Appendix X. (e.g., Appendix B rather than Table B1).

Adhere to APA guidelines. Refer to examples in the dissertation template.

Placement of Tables and Figures

7.6: Embed within text or place on separate pages after the reference list. 2:14: Place in Appendix.

Tables showing statistical significance should be included in Chapter Four, if they add to the presentation of the results. All other tables should be placed in an appendix.

Paragraph Length 4.6: There is no minimum or maximum paragraph length in APA Style.

Include at least three complete sentences in each paragraph. Sentences should develop the idea, provide support and evidence, and transition to the next paragraph.

Stats Reporting Statistics reporting should include assumptions. Examples are provided in the Quantitative Dissertation Template.