Assessment 1 Instructions: Quality and Safety Gap Analysis
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APA7thEditionTips.pptxAPA 7th Edition
APA Publication Manual
6th edition (2009)
7th edition
(October 2019)
FAQ Document Review
Detailed within the FAQ Document
Timeline
Grading grace period
Courseroom and campus resource updates
User Tip:
Inside Front Cover
Quick reference to common APA guidelines
5 Levels of Headings
Basic In-Text Citation Rules
User Tip:
Inside Back Cover
Examples of most common references
Chapter 1
Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles
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New and updated content such as:
Defines different types of journal articles and student papers, dissertations, and theses
Discusses ethical and accurate reporting of research results
Planning for data retention and sharing (with additional data-sharing considerations for qualitative research)
Publication Credit: Clarifying authorship of those who do the writing and those who have made substantial contributions to the study
authors’ intellectual property rights during manuscript review
Scholarly Writing and Publishing Principles
Chapter 2
Paper Elements & Format
In the 7th edition, APA decided to provide separate format guidelines for professional and student papers. For both types a sample paper is included. Some notable changes for student papers follow in the next slides.
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Title Page for Student Paper
Start title 3-4 lines down from the top.
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No Running Head for Student Papers
In student papers, a running head (stating the paper title at the top of every page) is no longer required unless the instructor or institution requires it. The header only needs to include the right-aligned page number.
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No "Running head" Label
For papers that DO require a running head (usually only required for papers being submitted for publication, like a dissertation), the label "Running head" is no longer needed.
Simply write the running head in the page header, flush left, in all-capital letters, across from the right-aligned page number.
Use the same running head on every page
In MS Word, click Insert, Page Number > top of page, choose Plain Number 3, place the cursor right in front of the page number in your header and type the short paper title in all caps, press the tab key twice to move the title to the left.
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On the first page of text, include the paper title in bold text.
1st Level Heading for Paper Titles
Previously, the title was not bold.
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More fonts to choose from
Times New Roman (12 pt)
Arial (11pt)
Georgia (11pt)
Calibri (11pt)
Lucida Sans Unicode (10pt)
*Use the same font throughout the text of your paper.
In the 6th edition, only the use of Times New Roman was recommended. In the 7th edition there is more flexibility regarding fonts.
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Updated Headings
| Level | Format |
| 1 | Centered, Bold, Title Case |
| 2 | Left-aligned, Bold, Title Case |
| 3 | Left-aligned, Bold, Italic, Title Case |
| 4 | Indented, Bold, Title Case, Period. Text begin on the same line. |
| 5 | Indented, Bold, Italic, Title Case, Period. Text begin on the same line. |
Headings help you logically organize your thoughts, add structure to your paper, and help readers follow.
Heading levels 3, 4, and 5 are updated to improve readability.
All headings are now bold and title case. Most words are capitalized when using title case.
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Chapter 3
Journal Article Reporting Standards
(JARS)
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Chapter 3 orients writers to journal article reporting standards (JARS) and includes tables outlining standards for reporting quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research.
Includes a flowchart of quantitative reporting standards.
JARS was significantly updated to provide guidance for
quantitative research,
qualitative research, and
mixed methods research.
JARS
Chapter 4
Writing Style and Grammar
Chapter 4 has a new section that outlines six strategies anyone can use to improve their writing.
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Use singular “they” 4.18
Singular “they” is inclusive of all people and helps writers avoid making assumptions about gender.
Singular “they” includes these forms: They, Them, Their, Theirs, Themselves
A researcher’s career depends on how often he is cited.
A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.
Each examiner submitted his or her assessment.
Each examiner submitted their assessment.
The singular “they” or “their” is endorsed as a gender-neutral pronoun. Avoid using “he or she” to refer to people of unspecified gender (or use it sparingly). If known, always use the person’s identified pronoun.
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Anthropomorphism (4.11)
Improved guidance and specific examples help authors determine what does and does not constitute anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism is attributing human characteristics to animals or inanimate sources.
Rat couples (implies parallel between human romantic couples)
Pairs of rats
The theory concludes (the researchers conclude, not the theory)
The theory addresses (a theory can address, indicate, or present)
*What constitutes anthropomorphism is challenging, and even scholars sometimes disagree. Aim to communicate as clearly as possible without causing confusion.
Chapter 5
Bias-Free Language
Writing inclusively and without bias is the new standard, and APA’s new publication manual contains a separate chapter on this topic.
The guidelines provided by APA help authors reduce bias around topics such as gender, age, disability, racial and ethnic identity, and sexual orientation, as well as being sensitive to labels and describing individuals at the appropriate level of specificity.
Use words that are accurate, clear, and don’t imply any evaluation/judgement of the group(s) you are writing about.
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Guidelines for writing about all people with inclusivity and respect.
Updated best practices for discussing age, disability, gender, racial and ethnic identify, and sexual orientation.
New guidance for discussing participation in research, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality.
Bias-free Language
Appropriate level of specificity
Describe only relevant characteristics and use terms that are appropriately specific for your topic.
Exact ages or age ranges are more specific than broad categories
Over 65 years old
People aged 65 to 75 years old
Nation or region of origin is more specific than generalized origin
Asian participants
Vietnamese, Cambodian, and Thai participants
Specific designations are more specific than general labels
Low income
Below the federal poverty threshold for a family of four
When possible, give specific characteristics rather than broad categories. The appropriate choice depends on context.
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Be sensitive to labels
Choose labels with sensitivity.
Respect the individuality and humanity of people.
Accept that language changes over time.
The poor
People living in poverty
Transsexuals
Transgender people
Instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people, descriptive phrases are generally preferred. Respect the language that people use to describe themselves and be aware that language changes over time.
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Disability 5.4
Both Person-First and Identity-First language is acceptable.
Respect disabled persons.
Use either approach unless you know a groups preferred approach.
Person-First language emphasizes the person, not the disabling condition
An epileptic
A youth with epilepsy
Identity-First language emphasizes the disability
Blind person
Amputee
Chapter 6
Mechanics of Style
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Break that habit!
Use only one space after a period (or other punctuation) at the end of a sentence. (6.1)
Other notable changes
Use double quotation marks to refer to a letter, word, phrase, or sentence as a linguistic example or as itself. (6.7)
the letter “m”
answered “yes” or “no”
Preferred spelling for common technology (6.11)
email (no hyphen)
internet (not capitalized)
webpage (all one word)
Expanded guidance on use, definitions, and format of abbreviations (6.24)
Mechanics of Style
Two options for bulleted lists within a sentence
The old way that is still acceptable is to:
begin each bulleted item with a lowercase letter
use no punctuation after each item (including the final one)
The new way that is also acceptable is to:
begin each bulleted item with a lowercase letter,
insert punctuation after each bulleted item as thought the bullets were not there, and
end the last bulleted item with punctuation.
Bulleted Lists 6.52
It is recommended that the first option might be better for shorter, simpler lists and the second option better for longer, more complex lists.
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Chapter 7
Tables and Figures
Expanded and revised guidance on creating tables and figures. Many new examples added to show both simple and more complex tables/figures. Some of the changes to figures make them more inline with guidelines for tables – simplifying things a bit.
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Tables 7.2 and Figures 7.24
Table and table number in bold
Table title in title case and italics
Table 1
Title Case and Italics
Figures are now formatted much like tables including the addition of figure notes
Figure 1
Title Case and Italics
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Chapter 8
In-Text Citations
When it comes to citing sources, more guidelines have been added that make citing online sources easier and clearer.
In total, 114 examples are provided, ranging from books and periodicals to audiovisuals and social media. For each reference category, an easy template is provided to help you understand and apply the citation guidelines.
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In-text citations are shortened 8.17 (Table 8.1)
For works with three or more authors, use et al. for all in-text citations including both first and subsequent uses.
Previous:
First use (Taylor, Kotler, & Johnson, 2019); Subsequent uses (Taylor et al., 2018)
New:
(Taylor et al., 2018)
The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is now shortened right from the first citation. You only include the first author’s name and “et al.” (meaning “and others”).
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Quote Audiovisual Works 8.28
When quoting from audiovisual works such as TED Talks, YouTube, audio-books, etc., provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number.
“[quoted material]” (Smith, 2017, 4:34).
Increased guidance for more different types of works.
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Citing Secondary Sources 8.6
Include the dates of both the secondary and original work.
Example: You read a work by Jones (2015) in which Cotter (2000) was cited, and you can’t locate Cotter’s work. Cite is as follows:
(Cotter, 2000, as cited in Jones, 2015)
If year of primary source is unknown, leave it out.
Cotter’s (as cited in Jones, 2015) findings …
In both cases, only the source you read appears in the reference list.
References
Chapter 9 Guidance
Chapter 10 Examples
New manual often shows what a corresponding in-text citation would look like for different reference types.
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Reference Label
Bold the title References on the first line of your reference page. *Note: Running head included only for dissertations.
Previously, the References heading was not in bold.
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References
Include surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7)
21 or more authors, add ellipsis after 19 and the add the final author's name
Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).
Miller, T. C., Brown, M. J., Wilson, G. L., Evans, B. B., Kelly, R. S., Turner, S. T., Lewis, F., Lee, L. H., Cox, G., Harris, H. L., Martin, P., Gonzalez, W. L., Hughes, W., Carter, D., Campbell, C., Baker, A. B., Flores, T., Gray, W. E., Green, G., … Nelson, T. P. (2018).
Parenthetical citation: (Miller et al., 2018)
Narrative citation: Miller et al. (2018)
The publisher location is no longer included in the reference.
Many students had difficulties finding this information.
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DOIs and URLs
Presentation of DOIs and URLs
Present both as hyperlinks
Do not include the “doi” or "Retrieved from" labels
DOIs begin with the prefix https://doi.org/
doi: 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02626667.2018.1560449
The publisher location is no longer included in the reference.
Many students had difficulties finding this information.
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No DOI 9.34 & 10.1
No DOI for online work
From website that readers can access, provide the URL at end of entry
From academic research database, do not include URL or database information (will look like print version)
Strickler, A., Pfeifer, D., Cameron, A., Robinson, A., Price, C., & David, M. (2014). Renewing our commitment to kids: Collaborative consultation. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 23(2), 25-30. Retrieved from http://library.capella.edu/login?qurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.proquest.com%2Fdocview% 2F1614634182%3Fa
Strickler, A., Pfeifer, D., Cameron, A., Robinson, A., Price, C., & David, M. (2014). Renewing our commitment to kids: Collaborative consultation. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 23(2), 25-30.
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References
When author and publisher are an exact match, do not include publisher
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https ://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Parenthetical citation: (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)
Narrative citation: American Psychiatric Association (2013)
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Journal Articles
If issue number is present, always include it in parentheses and not italicized after the volume number
Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
If journal uses article numbers, include the word “Article” and the number instead of any page range
Burin, D., Kilteni, K., Rabuffetti, M., Slater, M., & Pia, L. (2019). Body ownership increases the interference between observed and executed movements. PLOS ONE, 14(1), Article e0209899. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209899
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Books
Publisher location is no longer included
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Covey, S. R. (2013). The 7 habits of highly effective people: Powerful lessons in personal change. Simon & Schuster.
Parenthetical citation: (Covey, 2013)
Narrative citation: Covey (2013)
With DOI:
Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092-000
The publisher location is no longer included in the reference.
Many students had difficulties finding this information.
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Authored ebooks
For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.
Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites [Kindle version]. doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and satellites. Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
For audioooks include narrator and audiobook notation (this is an example without DOI)
Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can't stop talking (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random House Audio. http://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl
For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) is no longer included in the reference.
The publisher is included in the reference.
The DOI is formatted according to the new 7th edition guidelines.
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Webpages
The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the author)
Web page titles are italicized
No "Retrieved from"
Hyperlink the URL
Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related related complications. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018, January 23). People at high risk of developing flu-related related complications. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/disease/high_risk.htm
URLs are no longer preceded by “Retrieved from,” unless a retrieval date is needed (e.g. for Wikipedia articles where content frequently changes).
The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the author).
Web page titles are italicized.
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Other Reference Additions
Reports: Standard format and examples have been added for reports such as government, agency, individual, or task force reports. Also includes examples for annual reports, press releases, codes of ethics, grants, and more.
Other reference types: New examples for all the following!
dissertations, TED Talks, TV series, webinars, YouTube and other streaming videos, albums, songs, podcast episodes, radio interviews and speech audio recordings, albums and songs, artwork in a museum, clip art or stock images, infographics, photographs, PowerPoint slides or lecture notes, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, webpages on news websites, and many more
Audiovisual Media: Contributors other than authors
| Media type | Include as author |
| Film | Director |
| TV series | Executive producer(s) |
| Podcast episode | Host of episode |
| Webinar | Instructor |
| Online streaming video | Person or group who uploaded the video |
| Photograph | Photographer |
Podcase episode (example)
Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443) [Audio podcase epirosde]. In This American life. WBEZ Chicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-archives/episode/443/amusement-park
Clear guidelines are provided for citing contributors other than authors and editors.
The contributors appear in the author position.
The role of the contributor is added in parentheses after their name, for example: Jones, P. D. (Director).
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Online Social Media
Standard format and examples are provided for Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and online forums.
Twitter (example reference for a Tweet)
White, B. [@BettyMWhite]. (2018, June 21). I treasured every minute we spent together #koko [Image attached] [Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/BettyMWhite/status/1009951892846227456
Retain things like nonstandard spelling, capitalization, hashtags, links, and emojis.
If unable to create the exact emoji, instead provide the emoji's name in brackets
[face with tears of joy emoji]
Annotated Bibliography 9.51 & Figure 9.3
New guidance for annotated bibliographies!
Course instructors usually provide requirements such as number of references needed and length and focus of each annotation. When these requirements are NOT provided, APA provides these suggestions.
Order references alphabetically (just like reference page)
Each reference entry should have its own annotation paragraph below the entry
Indent the entire annotation (like a block quote), but no further indent for the first line of the paragraph
If multiple paragraphs, indent the first line of the second and subsequent paragraphs
Chapter 11
Legal References
Chapter 11 Legal References - presents expanded guidance and updated examples for more types of legal references.
cases and course decisions
laws, acts, and statutes
hearings and testimonies
patents
constitutions and charters
treaties and international conventions
Legal References
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Chapter 12
Publication Process
Chapter 12 Publication Process - provides guidance on the publication process.
Among other things, the new content helps early career researchers adapt a dissertation or thesis into a journal article or articles, select a journal for publication, avoid predatory or deceptive publishers, and navigate journal submission.
How to prepare manuscript for submission
How to share and promote work after publication
Publication Process
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Feedback Request
Upcoming Lunch and Learns
| Date | Topic |
| September 1 12-12:30 CST | Deep Dive: In-text citations and reference page formatting |
| September 22 12-12:30 CST | Resource Exploration: Learning, using, and referring learners to Academic Writer |
What other topics would you like to see addressed in our APA lunch and learns?
Headings
Tables and Figures
As cited policies – secondary sources
Fonts and other style guidelines
Capella/APA differences
Social media citations
Referral Points
Resources
To give everyone time to learn, practice, and master this new style, Capella University will slowly phase in the APA 7th edition guidelines over the next few quarters. Therefore, between now and spring quarter 2021, a grading "grace period" is in effect for all learners who correctly use APA 6th edition or APA 7th edition in their work. Beginning with Spring quarter 2021, all schools, programs, courses, faculty and learners will be expected to use the APA 7th edition style guidelines.
Writing Center Webinars
Academic Writer is a virtual representation of the APA manual
https://academicwriter-apa-org.library.capella.edu/
APA Style handouts, tutorials, and webinars
https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/handouts-guides
https://apastyle.apa.org/instructional-aids/tutorials-webinars
The Writing Center offers webinars and 1:1 Coaching to support learners as they adjust to 7th edition guidelines. To refer a learner to the Writing Center, use this link: https://www.capella.edu/iGuidePA/forms/faculty/Learner_Referral_Form.asp
