Biology - Anatomy help with (3) assignments due in 48 hours
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AP2-LabUnit-5UrinarySystem.ppt23-*
Urinary System
Two kidneys
Two ureters
Urethra
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Anatomy of Kidney
- Renal cortex: outer 1 cm
- Renal medulla: renal columns, pyramids - papilla
- Lobe of kidney: pyramid and it’s overlying cortex
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Renal (Uriniferous) Tubule (Nephron)
- Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)
- Longest, most coiled, simple cuboidal with brush border
- Nephron Loop - U shaped and has descending and ascending limbs
- Thick Segment (simple cuboidal) initial part of descending limb and part or all of ascending limb, active transport of salts
- Thin Segment (simple squamous) very water permeable
- Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)
- Cuboidal and has minimal microvilli
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Lobe of Kidney - Glomerulus
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Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Re-absorption and Tubular Secretion
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Urinary Bladder and Urethra - Female
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Male Bladder and Urethra
- 18 cm long
- Internal urethral sphincter
- External urethral sphincter
Three Regions
Prostatic urethra
During orgasm receives semen
Membranous urethra
Passes through pelvic cavity
Spongy urethra
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Neural Control of Micturition
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Composition and Properties of Urine
- Appearance
Varies from colorless to deep amber
Yellow Color - due to urochrome, from breakdown of hemoglobin (RBC’s)
Pink, Green, Brown, Black colors – from breakdown of vitamins, drugs, or metabolic diseases
Pyurea – Pus in urine – Indicates kidney infection
Hematuria – Blood in urine – Indicates urinary tract infection, trauma, or kidney stones
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Composition and Properties of Urine
- Odor
Fresh Urine – No repellent odor
Wet Diapers Odor – Urea degraded to ammonia
Aroma – Asparagus and other foods
Sweet Fruity Odor of acetone – Diabetes mellitus
Hematuria – Blood in urine – Indicates urinary tract infection, trauma, or kidney stones
- Urine pH
Ranges from 4.5 to 8.2 with average of 6.0 (mild acid)
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Composition and Properties of Urine
- Chemical Composition
Water – 95%
Solutes – 5%
Composition of Solutes – Urea, sodium, chloride, potassium chloride, creatinine, uric acid, phosphates, sulfates, urobilin, glucose, ketones, bile pigments
- Urine Volume
1-2 liters/day
Polyuria – 2 liters/day
Oliguria – 500 mL/day
Anuria – 0-100 mL/day
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Kidney Stones
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Hemodialysis
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