Anamtomy And physiclogy Labs 1,3,and 4

EXPERIMENT 3: VIRTUAL MODEL - THE AXIAL SKELETON In this experiment, you will use the virtual skeletal model to gain a more detailed understanding of the axial skeleton.

PROCEDURE 1. Open the virtual model website linked in the materials section.

2. Familiarize yourself with the virtual model. Navigate the model by using the commands below:

a. Select the body system of interest from the box in the upper left-hand corner of the model. Note that some body systems may have multiple options for viewing (e.g., for the nervous system, you can select either the general anatomy or the brain).

b. Hover your cursor over different areas on the model to display labeled terms.

c. Click on any component of the body to view a description of its function.

d. In the bottom right-hand corner of the model you will see a two magnifying glasses with a “+” at the bottom and a “-“ at the top. Click on these buttons to zoom in and out of the virtual model.

e. When zoomed in, use your cursor to click and drag the virtual model to the area of interest.

f. Use the “Views” pop-up menu to change the orientation of the virtual model. These options may include the anterior view, posterior view, lateral view, superior view, and inferior view of the virtual model. Note that not all options may be available for each system.

g. Some systems may have multiple layers to explore. Click on “Layers” pop-up menu to access a deeper layer of the system of interest if available for the system being observed.

3. After you are comfortable with the Virtual Model interface, select the Skeletal System option. Then select General Anatomy.

4. Click through the axial skeletal system components, including the clavicles (right and left), scapula (right and left), vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The information provided in the introduction and Experiment 5 will help guide your exploration.

Note: Zoom in on the skeleton to reveal all elements. Some skeletal elements are only visible when you zoom in. For example, when zoomed out, you will be able to view the thoracic cage. However, zooming in will allow you to view a description of each individual rib. Remember that you will need to reorient the skeleton to observe all of the skeletal components.

5. Hover the cursor over different skeletal components to view the name. Click on each bone to view a description of it.

Hint: Review the post-lab questions as you work through the axial skeletal components.

Experiment 3Virtual Model - The Axial Skeleton Materials Virtual Model

*Internet Access

*Computer Access

Experiment Inventory

Note: You must provide the materials listed in *red.

6. As you move through the model, take a screenshot or use your cell phone to take a picture of the skeletal components listed below. Submit these images to your instructor along with your post-lab questions.

a. Coccyx

b. Sternum

Hint: Be sure to hover your mouse over the skeletal component to reveal its label in the image.

7. Once you have completed your overview of the General Anatomy view, select the Skull view (Figure 16).

8. Click through the different elements of the skull. The information provided in the introduction and Experiment 5 will also help guide your exploration

Note: Zoom in on the skeleton to reveal all elements. Some skeletal elements are only visible when you zoom in. Remember that you will need to reorient the skull to observe all of the components.

9. Hover the cursor over different skeletal components to view the name. Click on each bone to view a description of it.

Hint: Review the post-lab questions as you work through the skull components.

10. As you move through the model, take a screenshot or use your cell phone to take a picture of the skeletal components listed below. Submit these images to your instructor along with your post-lab questions.

a. Occipital Condyle

b. Parietal Bone

Hint: Be sure to hover your mouse over the components to reveal their label in the image.

11. Answer the post-lab questions when you have completed your exploration of the axial skeleton.

Figure 16: Work your way through the axial skele- tal system and the skull to better understand the anatomical placement of each bone.