Assignment 2 Anthropology

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Question 1

There are three contributions that the author (Savage, 2001 page 101) believes that Egypt should use the study about early complex societies which are significant in the progress of success in development of social welfare in the ancient Egypt. One of the contributions is growth on the appreciation of understanding in the meaning of Predynastic culture which caters for appreciation of growth in the social and economic nature. The second contribution is on the development of chronological distinction that refines different complexity understanding and appreciation. The third contribution is on the emphasis of social and political positive advancements that are responsible for complex societies and welfare development in Egypt. The gradual development caters for appreciation of the three achievements and trends that are able to create complex integration and development of different policies that has ensured successful and gradual development of a competent society in Egypt.

Question 2

Savage argues that the proto-kings of the Ancient Egypt were economically motivated. The rulers were motivated by the urge to expand their influence in the Upper Egypt in a more economical that political policy. The desire to control inter-polity conflicts led to the urge to control trade. The Canaanite materials were located at Delta sites of Maadi which are significant archaeological sites as well as Minshat Omar. The upper part of Egypt recorded unique characteristics of Predynastic periods which mixed the nature with the existence of Canaanite materials. The trade colony held its hand at the unique stations of Tell Ma’ ahaz and Taur Ikbeinah locations. The efforts by the kings to extend their territories and rule came with the urge to monopolize trade and the routes followed by the traders through to Asia (Savage, 2001, page 112). The creation of the larger polity led to increased cataracts in the south of Mediterranean. The Egyptian trading colonies extended to the Negev region where most of the trading activities were associated with the trade advancements. The desire to control the northern led to exertion of control through the trading routes. The establishment of Northern Egyptian colonies and pro-kings’ territories is associated with the growth of the Dynasties and the economic establishments that were based on trading and trade as a whole.

Question 3

Hierakonpolis was characterized by the existence of special archaeological materials such as the series of tombs that were revealed by Abydos which can be connected to the changing conditions at the dynasties in Egypt. The Badarian settlements were some of the archaeological sites that were present in the upper region of Hierakonpolis. Through the Nagada II and Nagada III, there was huge impacts and influence that led to political controls of Hierakonpolis. Later, the Hierakonpolis polity was absorbed by the Abydos region. The availability of cemeteries, settlements and other sites that represented the industrial marks at Wadi Abul Suffian at Hierakonpolis. The Predynastic settlements at the river also marked the archaeological significance. The settlements at the Hierakonpolis also proved the existence of archaeological sites such as region of Nile levees.

The Nile River Valley had slight settlements of Armant that encompassed the Nagada region. The archaeological sites and settlements at Nagada region felt the heart of Nagada culture. The Nagada culture is remarkably present at Hierakonpolis which was later transformed by the Predynastic Delta suggestions. The existence of the Predynastic settlements also suggested the natural levees at the Nile that marked the archaeological loci of Predynastic settlements. The Armant had unique features that marked structural advancements and trash pits which consisted of small sites and other settlements at Nagada region. The presence of blocks of Nile mud on the sites consisted of significant bonds that formed different patterns.

The Abydos region also marked different sites that were located at the Dynastic period that extended from Asyut south to Hu of the Nile Valley. The Nagada culture was also extended to the Abydos region especially at the Qena bend of the valley where presence of Nagada II and Nagada I were found. The settlement patterns located at the region basically concentrated on revealing the existence of Predynastic cemeteries. The existence of fewer settlement sites of Nagada I, II and Hierakonpolis regions largely revealed the presence of archaeological sites. The presence of Predynastic sites and settlements at the banks of the Nile Valley also marked the patterns of archeology.

Question 4

Savage (2001, page 101-103) felt that the Dynasty of Egypt should singly unify the polities through encompassing of the Delta which ran through systematic unification. The development of the Upper Egypt ran through encompassing the Delta and its territories in order to claim superiority. The proto kings of the Upper Egypt generally run different operations that addressed the investigations that were carried out on different excavation which allowed the Upper Egypt to run systems of domination and settlements which saw its success in colonizing the Delta and eventually the lower part of Egypt. The settlements at the Delta before the colonization eventually ruined the operations which in turn express the feelings of the author before the split of the Dynastic Egypt had peaceful integration and relations (2001, page 103). The Unification of the Dynasty which consisted of the Upper and lower Egypt which constituted of the blocks that had not balanced the operations. The author feels the essence of the split and the Upper Egypt outdoing the south in terms of excavation and economic integration. The development extended the territorial settlements and deliverance that supplemented the excavations in the Upper Egypt which left most cemeteries and other settlement points at uncovering in the Delta (Wilkinson, 1999, page 36).

Question 5

After watching the video by “The Scorpion King” it is evident that economic factors alongside the military factors concentrated on underlying the unification (National Geographic, 2015). Similarly, according to the information revealed from Savage, 2001, it is also clear that both military and economic factors underlie unification. Explain the answer, don’t just quote from them … What lead you to believe that it is both Economic and military factors ? Don’t just quote it is Clear …Explain why is it clear that both military and economic factors underlie unification then make a conclusion.

References

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kh9ByB2jVU4

National Geographic 2015 “The Real Scorpion King,” [video] Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kh9ByB2jVU4.

Savage (2001) Some Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Predynastic Egypt,” Journal of Archaeological Research, vol. 9, pp. 101-155.

Wilkinson, T. 1999 Early Dynastic Egypt, New York: Routledge.