answer the questions

Question # 5 Imagine that you are a Japanese person watching events unfold in the 1850s and 1860s. How might you react? Do you see alternatives to the opening of your country to foreign trade? Do you agree that in order to compete with the Western powers, your nation must begin to behave like the Western powers? Explain.

Question # 6 Write an essay on Revolution in China.

Question # 7 Write a short Essay on Modernization and Transformation of Japan.

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Capitalism fueled industrialization by

a. Requiring inventors to file patents

b. Encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses

c. Giving the country many natural resources

d. Ensuring all workers received high wages

2. During the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, farmers in the United States worked to increase their land holdings and modernize their equipment. A lasting effect of these changes was

a. Higher prices for crops

b. Increased rural population density

c. A shortage of land for farming

d. Greater productivity of farming

3. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, improvements in steel technology allowed architects to be design buildings taller than had previously been possible. As a result, skyscrapers began to be built in cities such as New York and Chicago.

What was the result of this new technology on population patterns in the United States in the first half of the 20th century?

a. Decreased growth of suburban areas

b. Migration from the West to the Midwest

c. Greater population density in urban areas

d. Increased migration from urban to rural areas

4. One effect of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th century was

a. A decrease in child labor

b. An increase in demand for handicraft goods

c. A decrease in immigration to the United States

d. An increase in urbanization

5. Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play?

a. Bessemer Process

b. Telegraph technology

c. Refrigeration

d. Electricity

6. Which industry most spurred economic growth and innovation in related industries?

a. Railroads

b. Food

c. Oil

d. steel

7. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:

· Improvements in agricultural production

· Increases in immigration from Europe

· Advancements in networks of railroad and streetcar lines.

These changes led to the

a. Rapid growth of urban areas

b. Acquisition of overseas territories

c. Elimination of large suburbs around many cities

d. Movement of people from the urban to rural areas

8. Why was the formation of labor unions an effect of U.S. industrialization in the late 1800s?

a. Union were needed to guarantee a steady supply of workers

b. Union membership was required for employment in new industries

c. Factory owners set up labor unions in order to control their large workforce

d. Unions organized industrial workers to protest unsafe working conditions and long workdays.

9. The economic development of the United States between 1870 and 1950 helped produce the results shown in the above graph. The trend shown in the graph is associated with

a. Increased urbanization

b. Decreased immigration

c. Advances in communication

d. Reduced population growth

10. As farms became mechanized,

a. Immigrants bought more land

b. More people become farmers

c. Farmers moved to urban areas

d. Farm workers became rural entrepreneurs

11. What problem arising from U.S. industrialization did the progressive reformers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries want the federal government to address?

a. Use of child labor in the workplace

b. Unfair taxes on the wealthy

c. Restrictions on the use of natural resources

d. Lack of capital for railroad expansion

12. In the late 19th century, industrialization led to harsh working conditions in the United States. Which policies of the U.S. government allowed such conditions to develop and later led to the growth of labor unions to correct abuses of workers?

a. Laissez faire policies toward big business

b. Antitrust policies toward monopolies

c. Imperialist policies regarding territorial expansion

d. Isolationist policies regarding international alliance

13. As a result of industrialization in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, progressive reformers sought government regulation of business in order to

a. Control economic cycles of inflation and recession

b. Provide money for public services such as schools and libraries

c. Restore competition by limiting the power of monopolies and trusts

d. Prevent companies from moving their factories to other countries

14. What effect of 19th century industrialization in the United States is represented by the changes shown in the above graph?

a. Increased regulation of child labor

b. Modernization of agriculture

c. Decreased demand for farm products

d. Emigration from the United States

15. The appearance in many U.S. cities of department stores, organized sporting events, musical theaters and amusement parks in the last decades of the 19th century was evidence of what effect of industrialization?

a. Improved working conditions on American farms

b. The growing power of unions to negotiate benefits for their members

c. Government-sponsored programs to improve public health and education

d. An increase in the leisure time and disposable income of the urban middle class

16. Consider the following changes that occurred in the United States in the late 19th century:

· Increases in immigration

· Widespread industrialization

· Improvements in agricultural technology

What was one result of these developments during this time period?

a. The growth of large cities

b. The decline of labor unions

c. The spread of plantation agriculture

d. The construction of interstate highways

17. In 1770 James Hargreaves of England received a patent for his spinning jenny. Another Englishman, Samuel Crompton, combined the spinning jenny with a water frame. He called his new invention the spinning mule. The spinning jenny and spinning mule are examples of

a. Cultural changes

b. Socioeconomic changes

c. Technological advances

d. Communication advances

18. What is the meaning of the cartoon?

a. The children need food

b. The children need new clothes

c. Capitalists cared about child welfare

d. Children are being treated as property

19. Railroads brought goods and people to America’s trade and manufacturing centers. Chicago grew as a meatpacking city. Philadelphia became a manufacturing center for steel and coal. New York grew as a thriving center for trade. Increased industrialization led to

a. Improved sanitation and housing

b. The elimination of the working class

c. Improvements in the lifestyle of the working class

d. An increase in the number of people working in manufacturing

20. Corporations had the important advantage of

a. Being run by an individual or family

b. Developing into monopolies

c. Reducing the financial risk for individual investors

d. Keeping prices high

21. Which argument supports the perception of big business leaders as “Captains of Industry”?

a. Industrialists support for technology benefited the economy

b. Monopolies forced small companies out of business

c. Consumers were harmed by inflated prices

d. Workers’ wages rose as industrialists profited

22. In the late 1800s, workers tolerated poor wages because they

a. Thought that the government would protect them

b. Believed it had to get worse before it got better

c. Could be replaced easily by other workers

d. Were tricked by employers into taking dangerous jobs.

23. Which labor leader began the AFL?

a. Samuel Gompers

b. Terence Powderly

c. Eugene Debs

d. Uriah Smith Stephens

24. What was one result of the Haymarket Riot?

a. Steelworkers’ wages increased

b. Public support for unions grew.

c. The AFL ceased to exist

d. Membership in the Knights of Labor declined

25. Labor unions formed as a way to help workers

a. Find better jobs

b. Learn more skilled trades

c. Improve their working conditions

d. Increase the hours children could work

26. How did federal government support employers during labor unrest?

a. Called on the Pinkertons to stop strikes

b. Denied unions recognition as legally protected groups

c. Imprisoned Eugene Debs and other labor leaders for life

d. Made company towns illegal

27. As part of the garment industry, adults and children worked in small, crowded rooms called sweatshops making new clothes. Their hours were long. Their pay was little. Often the rooms were dark. What advantage were sweatshops to the textile industry?

a. They eliminated textile factories

b. They kept the cost of production low

c. They employed only women and children

d. They helped families create their own small businesses

28. Industrialization affected the United Sates

a. Through the growth of urban cities

b. By encouraging westward movement

c. Through the growth of small family farms

d. By emigration from the United States to Europe

29. In his article The Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie stated, “The contrast between the palace of the millionaire and the cottage of the laborer with us to-day…is not to be deplored, but welcomed as highly beneficial. It is…essential for the progress of the race.” Andrew Carnegie

a. Believed in equality

b. Promoted regulation of industry as a means to wealth

c. Felt a class system was essential

d. Believed that everyone should receive the same opportunities

30. Government attempted to regulate business

a. Through the Keating-Owen Act

b. Through the Sherman Antitrust Act

c. By calling for the establishment of monopolies

d. By forcing railroads to create a fair pricing structure