one page summary of the answers to the 22 questions

Question 6: Hypothesis

Quantity of input, quality of input and children's output has an impact on bilingual development.

Question 7: Number of Participants for the Study

263 participants (151 for English and 112 for Spanish).

Question 8 : The Participants

They were children from immigrant families.

Question 9: Materials used in the Study

The researchers used estimation methods to assess the number of words per hour spoken by bilingual children (the participants) in all the languages from recordings through the small microphone they wore. Thus, it encompassed interviewing the participants.

Question 10: Summarizing Participants Actions.

In one of the tests, the participants were exposed to each of the languages, and their ranks of language development in each linguistic were recorded based on their hearing degrees. In another test, the children's language use was measured to assess their skill levels in expressive language. The last test entails the participants' exposure to a particular language based on what language they heard and from whom. They helped ascertain the relationship between quality and quantity of input and the children's language use on bilingual development.

Question 11: Independent variables

These are the variables affecting the dependent variable, bilingual development.

Quantity of input, quality of input and children's output.

Question 12: Dependent Variable

A dependent variable depends on or is changed by other variables.

In this study, the dependent variable was bilingual development which changes because of the quantity of input, quality of input and children's output.

Question 13: Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics were used in analyzing data, including variance. From one of the statistical tests, relative exposure of children accounted for around 35 percent of the variance in grammatical and vocabulary skills. From such statistics in another group, the quantity of linguistic exposure contributed for approximately 50 percent aligned with variance in the participants' Spanish expressed vocabulary or terminology scores and around 28 percent of the variance aligned with participants' English expressive or communicative vocabulary marks or scores. Another group showed that the bilingual children's mean score was around 45th percentile when testing English vocabulary. There was no standard deviation recorded in the study.

Question 14: Significant Effects

Yes. There was a considerable effect basing on the opinion of the effect being greater considering language domains compared to others.

Question 15: Implication of Result Figures

From figure 1, the bilingual children, particularly those with below 100 percent English input, possess poorer English skills than their monolingual children counterparts who have sturdier English skills than Spanish. A further analysis portrayed a quadratic relationship amid the quantity of children's exposure to English and the range of their English vocabulary. According to figure 2, bilingual children possess comparatively sturdier receptive skills than expressive or communicative skills in more than one of their exposed languages.

Question 16: Effectiveness of Hypothesis

Yes, it is. The studies give monolingual and bilingual development that acquiring a language depends on amount and value of understanding and chance to take part in conversion.

Question 17: Consistency of Results

No, early experience to two languages does not warranty successful bilingual development since most of them reach school stage with a low skill level of both languages.

Question 18: Conclusion

Bilingual improvement is stimulated when youngsters are exposed to both languages in methods that do not weaken the amount of experience to each more than is required.

Question 19: Suggestions for Future Investigations

The author made suggestions for future investigations. He suggested different ways to fully develop bilingual, each language to come from a highly proficient speaker. It should be valued by society and kids to be given the opportunity to use both languages.

Question 20: Thoughts on the Article

It is a short and straightforward article that is direct to the point. It critically explains routes of observed double language development among kids in refugee families, offering the quality and quantity of linguistic exposure.

Question 21: Effectiveness of the Study

Yes, it is a compelling study. I agree with the results because monolingual kids from innate parents and fluent ones in refugee families are different despite the quantity of languages they overhear.

Question 22: References

The total number of references cited in the article were 50.