4a & 4b

Assignment 4 (indicate 4a or 4b)

Part

Question

Answer

Points

Title

1.Title of the article, journal name, your name

Name of the article is “Reports of Forgone Medical Care Among US Adults During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic”.

Names of the journals is JAMA Network Open. (Student Name)

3

Purpose/Research problem

2a. What is the purpose of the study? Is it clearly identified? Is the research problem important?

The purpose of this study is to estimate frequency of and reasons for reported forgone medical care from March to mid-July 200 and also examine the characteristics of US adults who reported forgoing care.

Yes, it is clearly identified. Yes, the research problem is very important.

5

2b. Identify the dependent variable(s)

Prevalence of Forgone medical care, Forgone medical care

frequency of forgone medical care,

3

2c. Identify the independent variable(s)

sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, race, ethnicity, employment and health insurance status. fear

of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the financial repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic.

3

Literature review

3a. Are the cited sources relevant to the study?

Yes, the cited sources are relevant to the study and there are provided total 22 sources in this study.

3

3b. Does the literature review offer a balanced critical analysis of the literature?

There is no specific literature review included in this article, but the statistical analysis provides a balance critical analysis of the literature.

3

3c. Are the cited studies recent?

Yes, all of the cited studies are recent, most of them are from studies of last year.

3

Theoretical framework*

4a. Has a conceptual or theoretical framework been identified?

Yes, a conceptual framework been identified in this article.

3

4b. If yes, is the framework adequately described?

Yes, conceptual framework adequately described in this article.

3

Design and procedures

5a. Identify the study design used in this study? Make sure that you select the exact type of design used, i.e., one of the three discussed this week.

The study design of this article followed is descriptive design. This research develops after collecting data and the analysis and synthesis of the data provide the test of hypothesis.

5

5b. Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question?

Yes, the study design is appropriate to answer the research question.

3

5c. What type of sampling design was used?

probability based sampling

5

5d. Was the sample size justified on the basis of a power analysis or other rationale?

Yes, the sample size justified on the basis of power analysis or other rational.

5

5e. Are the inclusion and exclusion criteria clearly identified? What are they?

NORC’s area probability sample and US Postal Service addresses and covers 97% of US households and includes approximately 35 000 individuals.

5

5f. What measurement tools were used for the dependent variable(s)?

missed prescription medications, missed scheduled preventive care

visits, missed scheduled general medical outpatient visits (ie, physical health care, other than preventive care, delivered in an office setting), missed scheduled mental health outpatient visits, missed elective surgical procedures, or emergent health issues warranting general medical or mental health care for which the respondent did not receive care.

As a measure of forgone planned medical care that included

prescription medications, scheduled preventive care visits, scheduled general medical outpatient visits, scheduled mental health outpatient visits, and elective surgical procedures but did not include new health issues.

5

5g. What measurement tools were used for the independent variable(s)?

sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, race, ethnicity, employment and health insurance status.

5

5h. Were validity and reliability issues discussed?

Yes, in this article, the validity and reliability issues are profoundly discussed.

4

Ethical considerations

6a. Were the participants fully informed about the nature of the research?

Yes, the participants are fully informed about the nature of research.

3

6b. Were the participants protected from harm?

Yes, the participants are protected form harm.

2

6c. Was ethical permission granted for the study?

Yes, the ethical permission granted for the study.

3

Data analysis

7a. What type of data and statistical analysis was undertaken?

Qualitative and quantitative data and Pearson χ2 tests

3

7b. Was the statistical analysis appropriate to address the research question?

Yes, the statistical analysis appropriate to address the research question.

2

Results

8. What are the results of the study? Did the results answer the research question(s)?

41% of respondents reported forgoing medical care from March through mid-July 2020. Among adults who reported needing care during this period, more than half reported forgoing care for any reason, more than one-quarter reported forgoing care owing to fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission, and 7% reported forgoing care owing to financial concerns. Yes, the results answer the research question.

5

Discussion

9a. Were the findings linked back to the literature review?

Yes, the findings are linked back to the literature review.

3

9b. Did the authors identify study limitations? What were they?

No, author did not identify study limitation.

5

9c. Do you think the limitations are serious enough to impact the internal and external validity** of the study?

Yes ,I think the limitations are serious enough to impact the internal and external validity. The generalization can provide more accurate and realistic outcome.

3

Overall assessment

10. What is your overall assessment of the study?

This study is very much important to track whether interventions to enhance health system safety provide the public with sufficient confidence to seek medical care.

5

Total

100