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ANSWER 2 a Lecture 16

In this lecture we shall begin Section 3 of the course looking at the impact of Lifestyle on health in recent years a person's lifestyle has increasingly come to be seen as an important determinant of their health indeed a number of doctors do Canada and the US have actually refused treatment the persons who live in unhealthy lifestyle by which they mean unhealthy lifestyles which include activities like smoking, drinking doing drugs and or overeating stop this argument is there's no point there looking after this person's health if they won't look after their own well for sociology Problem with this Viewpoint is it it seems lifestyle and something's that is determined solely by the individual by decisions but the individual makes especially decisions over leisure activities decisions as to whether we smoke or drink or do drugs decisions about whether we work out or not decisions about how much we eat and so on. Well for sociology that is a very limited view of the concept of Lifestyle our lifestyle is everything it is how we live our whole life at work at play every waking moment is part of our lifestyle and numerous Studies have shown that for most people their overall living and working conditions have far more impact on their health than whether or not they engage in unhealthy behaviours like smoking and so on sociology argues that no individuals lifestyle is entirely under their control certainly lifestyles are established by individual decisions but individual decisions are always made in a social context every individual's lifestyle has to fit in to their social position which in turn determined by various social variables like their class gender and ethnicity and So on the lifestyle of society's population as a whole has to fit into the structure of society as a whole and what that means is that every individual Individuals lifestyle is largely determined by the type of society they live in and by their position in that Society different types of societies have different typical lifestyles I'm Different social positions at different typical lifestyle in short social variables Evan Major Impact on individual life I am not saying individuals have no freedom of choice of course every individual has some freedom in choosing their lifestyle there are a number of so called social determinants of Health which are connected to a person's lifestyle. each of these as a textbook shows you has its own impact on both lifestyle and health and there will be questions on the final exam about them this I promise you but my remaining lectures will be on two different kinds of social variables things that the text does not examine mainly diet and exercise unlike factors such as your age or your ethnicity with your course you have no control over your diet and exercise are supposedly factors which you can control but in practice it's not

that simple every individual's decisions about diet and exercise influenced by the society they live in every individual's pattern of diet and exercise has to fit into their society and their social position and in order to establish that one thing to do now is as usual to give you some historical facts I shall begin with a brief history of diet and then I shall give you a history of exercise and what this history will show you is which type of society establishes the different typical pattern of diet and exercise well there are always some people could diverge From The Storm the start the reality is that most people most of the time just go along with society's typical expectations diet and exercise are the two factors that have the most The most direct impact on our bodies. A particular pattern of diet and exercise will give a person a particular body type or what is termed a Somatotype. (short form=soma)The most widely used typology for body type just a fancy name the most widely used typology of somatotypes is the one that was written and developed by william sheldon. He argued that the ideal somatotype is the mesomorph. It is a body that is lean and muscular. Sheldon said that bodies can diverge into this ideal in one of two directions. Either the ectomorph or thin or towards the endomorph=fat. IN any given society, all three of these somatotypes existed. But in any given society at any any given time only one of these is considered ideal. Or the one body type that most people have. Over the course of history, the typical special somato has changed. Looking back, back in section1, most sociologists argued that there were three main types of society=hunting/gathering, agricultural, and industrial. Well, in hunting/gathering society the predominant somatotype was the mesomorph, in agricultural society, the predominant soma was ectomorph and in industrial it is endomorph. Early tribal, there soma was simple bell curve. Most of the population would be lumped on the curve as mesomorphs as thin, muscular types with just a small number of people being under and overweight. Most people were the ideal body type. And this was because of their lifestyle. It gave them a healthy pattern of diet and exercise. The human body is product of evolution, archeos tell us that our early ancestors were hominids, who distingy=uised themselves from apes by standing upright and walking on two feet. About 6 million y ago. Humanity began to evolve from apes. Genus homo began with the evolution of homo erectus. About 2 million y ago. Homo sapiens first appeared about 200 k y ago in africa. All of our ancestors lived in hunt/gath. That only changed with the arrival of agriculture. Homo sapiens began agriculture which was invented in 11k y ago. So, for over 90% of human evolution and 99% human bodies evo was spent in hunt/gath. This is the lifestyle our bodies

evolved on and hence this is the lifestyle our bodies adapted to. This is the pattern of diet and exercise that we were meant to be for. Hunting and gathering diet Firstly, it's a natural diet our bodies evolved by eating this diet. As a rule, the more natural the food, the healthier it is. The more processed it is, the more unhealthy it is. Secondly, hg diet was high in proteins, vitamins minerals and fiber and low in sugar starch carbs and fats. These days any doctor will tell you that a hunting/g diet is good in nutritional terms. Thirdly, h/g ate what they hunted and gathered. They hunted meat and fish, the meat they had was wild meat which is lean and runs. The one we eat is farm-raised, and they ate fish too low in fat. Their veggies were green and high in vitamins. In modern society, we eat a lot of roots and tubers. Starch things. Nuts are relatively high instrach and are fattening along with fruits. They were only available to hg when they were in season. So. they were not eating these things all year round. The hg diet consists of lean meat, green veggies, with fruit and nuts for desserts and snacks, the og diet and the healthiest diet ever. Journalist CJ Hunt after research has called it “the perfect human diet”. Humanity first began to lose this diet with the invention of agriculture. As I said in 1, agricultural society was swiftly divided into the ruling and the ruled class. Agr saw the intro of social inequality. The inequity began with inquiety of diet. The aroistpos ate ,uc ter than peasants. Pretty soon in agr meat and green veggies became luxuris and peasants couldn't afford them. They had to eat their farm produce. Which included grains, legumes, tubers. In Asia, the staple food was rice, in Europe it was wheat, in Latin America it was maize, beans and squash. Most of these didn't even exist in the modern form, the agr society bred them into being hybrids 100 y ago. Wild rice is long, thin and black and super tough and has to cook thrice longer than white rice. Similarly bananas were og like plantains and super tough. Now, agr soc changed rics, bananas and others in a similar direction to make them softer sweeter and easier to cook. The problem is in doing so, it made them higher in sugar and starch and lower in fiber. It made them tastier but fattening and less healthy. People began to process them into bread, and it was the world’s first junk food, it is high in starch and carbs. Back then, this junk food was intended primarily for common people. In europe with aristos hugging meat, the peasants ate bread and oatmeal. Having a healthier diet, the aristocracy were healthier and bigger and stronger, since aristos ruled peasants being bigger and gave them an advantage. The average peasant man was short, thin and ectomorphic. So when agr soc rose, the aristos were mesomorphs. But

normally in agr soc, the aristos only made up 10-20& pop, the majority were peasants and were switched to bread and rice which made most of them skinny and unhealthy ectomorphs. Over the long term ,eating a high carb diet will mean you are suffering from malnutrition. It Weakens their immune system and makes them sick more often. In feudal europe malnu was at its peak, soneurope was struck by a series of epidemics one of them being black death. In a few years, over a 100 mil people were dead, but as it allwys, the survivors developed immunity and Europe came back to relative health. But then in the 16th century, they came to america. They brought their diseases uth them which killed more indg people. This was because of the diff. Lifestyles the h/g and agr soc. They sent back reports stating that the indg people were taller stronger, and lived for about a decade longer than the short europeans peasants. But in this situations, natives health worked against them, they had healthy lifestyles and so few diseases. But their immune systems were not as developed as europeans. The disease which they brought went through outbreak and outbreak and evolved and grew stronger. Those diseases had evolved to the point where they were really deadly. So, when the europeans sudden;t intros them to natives, their immune systems couldn;t cope and by the end of the 18th century over 90% of the native of America had died from europeans diseases. Influenza smallpox et cetera. about a 100 mil people died in wave of diseases brought by europe. The Indg populace rose again after ww2 after centuries of decline. —

Lecture 17…. \\\ Industrial diet. /// Look at the history of diet in industrial society well you're up as we saw in the last lecture bro disease to the Americas it also gave the world its first Industrial Revolution in the 18th century the coming of industrial society and Industrial agriculture greatly increased food production people in Western Society began to eat better and so became healthier especially in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries they gained a healthy weight and stopped being ectomorphs by the mid twentieth century, but the problem was that they didn't stop there Many people became overweight endomorphs so in the late 18th Century obesity became just as much of a socially caused Health hazard industrial society as malnutrition was for Agricultural Society in the US Center for

Disease Control and prevention estimated in 2005 that about 400,000 Americans died that year he related illnesses continue derived emerged in the North American Medicine is the new smoking because as obesity rates have kept Rising while smoking rates have been falling obesity has taken over from smoking as the number one cause of mortality in the US obesity has been linked to rises in heart disease liver disease high blood pressure Strokes diabetes arthritis and several types of cancer American children as young as six years old have died recently related heart attacks history across North America to Canada and the US obesity rate held steady upto the 1960s. But obesity rates began to rise sharply in the 70s. During the 1990s the average American gained a pound a year or 10 lb for the Whole Decade between 1975 and 2005 in the U.S. double going from 15% of the population of obese to 30% of obese here in Canada obesity rate Also rows but not as much they went from 15% to 23% please obesity is not the whole story The World Health Organization defines normal body weight as having a BMI body mass index between 18.5 and 24 less than 18.5 is considered underweight while if you are more than 24 then a BMI of between 25 and 29 is considered overweight what

Bmi a of 30 or more is considered obese end the World Health Organization distinguishes obese from overweight because although Wayne too much is always harmful to your health to some extent it is when you reach obesity that is the stage at which your excess weight starts to create serious health problems end in 2018 statistics Canada Canadian Health measures survey and it founded of adult Canadians 27% a base an additional 36% were overweight and 1% were underweight this left only 36% of Canadians just a minute just open the third there's actually have a healthy body weight in other words a majority of Canadians way too much and about a quarter of a dangerously too much there is hope for the future because people gradually became aware of has been called the Obesity epidemic in the 1990s and early 2000s so in the mid-2000s a major campaign was launched to bring Canadians weight under control by the government schools and a variety of non-government organizations as a result in 2007 in Canada obesity rates began to come under control since then adult obesity rates in Canada have continued to rise slowly Children's obesity rates have steady or fallen. 19 went from 23% in 1978 to 35% in 2004 but then fell to 27% in 2013 the closer look at the statistics shows that teenagers have basically steady children aged 5 to 12 I seen a significant drop in their average BMI and what this shows I would argue is the power of socialization that is to say once you grown up your eating habits a pretty much set it is very difficult to change them but we can change the Next Generation H2 healthy eating habits when they young and those habits will stay with them

for life that is what we are starting to do in Canada is slowly working in the u.s. how much less effort has been put into teaching healthy eating in schools and elsewhere and you can see the difference in 2018 according to the US Department of Health among you as adults 42% with a base another 33% were overweight 1% underweight and only 24% better quarter we're at a healthy body weight as for children situation not quite that bad but still not good 17 per cent of children in the US are obese 16 per cent were overweight 1 per cent were underweight and 66 per cent of 2/3 we're at a healthy weight insert about a third of American children and a staggering three orders of American adults weigh more than they should these figures are significantly higher than Canada's and although their rate of growth has slowed in recent years none of them are going down in any age group not even among children James Hill is a nutritionist at the University of Colorado and he has said of today's American children that and I quote we've got fattest generation of kids ever in less than one generation in the late Twentieth Century the weight of the average American child rose by 5 kg and of course it's not just the children it's also be adulys Eric Schlosser teh author of a book called fast food nation In the book the US that's and I quote again no other nation in history has gotten so fat so fast. And as Schlosser argues It is no coincidence that this dramatic rise in obesity has taken place at exactly the same time and place that saw the birth and dramatic rise of the fast food industry best food franchises really took off with the founding of McDonald's in the 1950s not by ronald mcdonald but by Businessman named Ray Kroc McDonald's of course has been enormously successful by 1968 there were over 1,000 McDonald's restaurants by 2005 there were 14000 McDonald's in the US and another 31,000 worldwide and by 2005 over 90% of American children end at McDonald's at least once a month in addition 1 in 4 adult Americans and one in three teenagers was at some fast food restaurant every day and average American that includes both adults and children iate an average of 3 burgers and four portions of fries every week. And this is so nutritionists recs healthy diet and say no each at fast food restaurants more than once a month. But fast food industry really became a big industry. In 1970 Americans spent 6 billion on fast food, by 2005, americans spent over a 125 bil. Similarly in 19070 about three quarter of food money was spent on homemade. By 2005 only half of the food money was spent at restaurants most ogf them fast food.a nd the expansion of us fats food industry has been steadily accompanied by the expansion of us waistlines. It is because the fast food industry began in us and is strongest there. Us has the most fattest population in the whole world and as fast food has become international it also has expanded waistlines throughout the developed world. As soon as american

fast food is introduced national obesity rates and all the disease that accompany it have higher rates too. This is why the fast food industry should also be called Fast fat industry. fast food truly is junk food because junk food harm your health and make you fat then why do so many people eat it there are number of reasons First it is high in sugar and fat so it's tasty. second Its convenient and easy and readily available. When you dont have time or energy. Third is the adverts. So many adverts coming up makes it more appealing like processed food is the best food you’ll ever have. Fourth most fats foods has been processed to the point where its not even food anymore. Uit is primarily just the combo of addictive drugs. Obesity is primarily caused by addiction. Nobody ever got fat by satisfying their hunger. People get fat by satisfying their addiction. Especially their addictions to sugar starch and fat. The two most addictive substances in fast food are refined sugar and refined starch more commonly knows ans sugar and flour. These are addictive because these are refined/processed/concentrated to the point where they are unnatural;;u hugh in carbs. As a result when you eat them they swiftly raise levels of insulin until they create a imbalance of blood sugar which causes carb cravings, an addictive craving for more high carb food. Docs Rachel and Richard heller called insulin the hunger hormone. Even the smell of high carbs can trigger eaves of hunger in your body. Similarly doctor Robert Lustig hss said that fast food raises insulin leve;s and said that current diet is an insulin nightmare engineered by the fast food companies. One more, the 2009 study in new zealand. Concluded that obesity is caused by carb addiction meaning addiction to foods with loads of carbs and high glycemic index. Sugar and flour are not only addictive they are two of the most fattening items in the whole world by far. They are refined. They have bee predigested for us. Which means they are already half digested before we eat them, so your bodied quickly digest them when we eat and so absorb them very qy=uicly. This is the chemical equivalent of mother bird. Some mama birds predigest their food for theu babies to make it easier for hem to digest. The second reason sugar and starch are fattening because they are very similar in chemical structure. They are the items which the body easily turns into carbs. Carbs are the bodies fuel supply. Fruits are a high energy biochemical fuel. Refined sugar is like a rocket fuel for body, when ingested this fuel needs to be burnt pretty quickly in a way called exercising. But if you don't immediately burn it, the body stores it as fat. Sugar and flour have sae effect on human body like any man made

addictive drug. They provide pleasure for short term and hazards in wrong term. The real killer wite powder are sugar and flour and are killers of people. Moving on to fats, because lab tests have stated that fat doesn't make you fat. Change it that contrary to popular opinion that does not make you fat especially animal fats are complex substances they take a long time to get broken down into carbs is Italy is more complex than vegetable and so takes longer to break down and that means that most fence guess either burned off or flushed out of the body while they're still being broken down very little of the animal fat that you can see on the person but there's a catch high levels of saturated fats which primarily means animal vets in a manner similar to the prince also raise insulin levels in the body and in doing so they trigger carb Cravings so well fat does not make you fat it still indirectly makes you fat because like an addictive drug that makes you want to eat more and more high carb foods from the fast-food industry discovered a long time ago that having a high fat content next customers come back from the war and that is why JK fast food companies raise the fat content of their Foods this only began to change in the late Twentieth Century as the general public gradually became aware of the health risks of high fat foods and lower fat fast food sugar starch or flour and fat are the basic products of the fast food industry but the industry has added a fourth ingredient I'm talking about artificial flavouring these days fast food companies employ people called play artificial flavours in 2001 the US flavour industry revenue is about 1.4 billion dollars most of these artificial flavours consists of combinations of chemicals which are legal but still addictive . For example MSG monosodium glutamate MSG and indy glutamates are known to be addictive. Emma Street below sodium glutamate MSG and indy glutamates are known to be addictive a variety of sugar substitutes these days Landon so on but the thing is anything that tastes sweet is addictive do sugar substitutes in the same way is fat they don't make you fat in themselves they don't have carbs but they all raise insulin levels in the body which means they trigger carb cravings and so indirectly they still make you fat and that is why I'm switching from sugar to diet pop does little or nothing to lower your weight yes you're interesting list liquid carbs but you're more likely to go out and get a burger for example the media tells us repeatedly there is a simple problem solution to the problem of obesity just go on a diet accepted as millions of diet has been discovered it's not that simple in the first place there are hundreds of different diets out there and most of them and just plain wrong even the official Canada food guide which is basically the same as the US food guide is I'm afraid mostly wrong because both the Canada and us food guides Beginning by dividing up food into four basic food groups Meat and Fish fruit and veg grain products and milk

products having created these four categories for a healthy balanced diet well I would argue that this entire model is on 4 types of food in exact portions of age is completely mistaken as I said before the healthiest diet in history is that hunting and Gathering diet and that consists of eating meat and fish as much as you like as much as you like Green products none milk products none our bodies do not need any grain products or milk products were not part of the diet of the human body evolved not if American government said that to the people in their official food diet said you can meet meet and veggies you like but just don't eat any rain for the score dairy products will it of course the dairy and cereal Industries wooden majorly be up in arms and so it's not politically expedient to tell the truth most western diets were based on two principles restriction eating less and and reducing calories that should say voice instruction and reducing calories a complete failure either can't stick to them or they stick to them for a little while and then they put the weight right back on as soon as I get off the dime and so as we've seen despite all the diets that are out there would be such as rates have risen so why have these diets fail principles are completely mistaken in other words going hungry of course mean that you will lose weight in the short-term but nobody wants to sped rest of their lives being hungry.the first one was reducing food portions. Secondly, is reducing calories. It’s irrelevant because cals are units of energy but body energy comes from carbs. Studies have shown that body weight doesn't lead to cals but with the carbs. Low cal diets do achieve some success, because there is some overlap between cals and carbs in particular Sugar and flour are high calorie as well as high carbs so low calorie diets do tell you to restrict them and that lowers your weight. But the problem is that they ont tell you to eliminate these =foods they tell you to restrict them many companies try to sell their own diet foods which do nothing because they too are heavily processed yet addicting. This means on a traditional diet the dieter is put into a worst situation. Because they are reduced from eating but not enough to completely satisfy their carbs cravings. In other words, dieters are put into a permanent state of withdrawal symptoms. Put that together to genuine hunger, the inevitably the dieter is thinking about food 24/7. Under those conditions nobody wants to stick to this diet for a long time. Duchess Rachel and Richard Heller have written that standard low-calorie diets based on portion restriction only create a password of what they call and I quote depredation frustration and capitulation in other words what they're saying is people quickly get frustrated at being hungry all the time and so they give up on the time refrigerator fails Western culture generally the thoughts and attitude which sounds ridiculous distressingly common blaming the victim Society it's your own fault a woman is raped and then she's told it's her own fault for wearing

clothing or her family gets robbed and I get told it's their own fault for not getting an expensive security system and branches their own fault and can't stick to the diet it's because they have no willpower and there's a stereotype that goes along with it and lazy stereotype because you're lazy and so the individuals lazy lifestyle is blamed rather than the fast food corporations May that person into a sugar addict without their knowledge or consent. However, when the diets fail the corporations do have another solution to the problem of obesity courtesy of our old friend the pharmaceutical industry that's right I'm talking about diet pills take one set of addictive chemicals to counteract the effect of another of your body weight coming and going this is great for corporate profits is there a better solution than pills yes there is a solution healthiest diet is a hunting and Gathering good if you want a healthy body with a healthy body weight switch to the hunting and Gathering diet which means natural foods stop eating processed foods eat meat fish fruit and vegetables stop eating refined sugar and flour this is the tight Humanity evolve them and it is a low-carb diet now a number of low carb diet see merge what I've been calling the Stone Age diet or the Paleolithic diet or paleo diet and these are intended to convey the original South Beach Diet end of the Atkins diet after dr. Robert Atkins who pioneered low-carb diets in the 1980s low carb diet is a healthy diet study found that people who went on a natural food low carb diets and eliminate sugar and flour not only lost weight their blood pressure improved as lead levels of a blood clotting agent that prevents heart attacks and strokes less likely to have a heart attack or stroke due to the Improvement in their diet the low carb diet abandons the strategy of portion restriction on a low-carb diet if you're hungry eat on a low-carb diet you can eat as much as you want because what matters to body weight is not how much you eat it is once you eat,You eat healthy natural foods will not make you fat even if you eat them in large quantities on the other hand processed foods especially those that contain sugar and flour will make you fat even if you won't eat them this shift in Focus / low carb diet calories 2 cars podiatrist carbs different from calories in one practical way which is all foods have calories but not all foods have carbs Meat and Fish have none and many vegetables have next to no low calorie diets and put fear of calories and there's a storm going on outside the belief that since all food has calories all food makes you fat has led to the rise in recent years of eating disorders such as anorexia and people with this condition especially teenage girls eating because they've convinced themselves that they are fat even though they look like I would argue that these Eating Disorders can only be eliminated when Society in general and teenage girls in particular learn effective weight control has nothing to do where is starving yourself and everything to do with choosing to eat healthy

natural low carb to use instead of addictive processed foods. Sugar and starch junk food is just that is literally garbage people eat ultimately it is all just slow poison fast food industry has created the perfect concealment can this addiction to fast food a broken it can but it's not easy you can regain control of your diet I own but only by going against a lot of social pressure still is only by abandoned and junk food that anyone can a healthy body weight and a ………

Lecture 19

Giant on help well the main determinant of body weight is Diet the main determinant of the body's overall Fitness and overall health is exercise we shall now briefly look at the history of exercise as usual we begin with early tribal hunting and Gathering societies what type of exercise did hunting and get as usual we begin with early tribal I'm thinking Gathering societies what type of exercise did hunting and Gathering societies have well hunting Gathering Society was a nomadic Society for the nomadic lifestyle Ematic means constantly on the move this means they did not have permanent settlements towns or cities instead they lived in tents most commonly turned Tipis in Canada and these gents would be periodically folded up and moved to follow the food supply. here on the plains Followed the buffalo more generally the changing seasons would make different types of food available in different places and so the band would move on periodically of course back then they had no cars no trucks they didn't even have domesticated animals like horses so first and foremost the nomadic lifestyle involve a lot of walking the human body evolved doing a lot of walking just as I've said for the hunting and Gathering diet just as I said the average person walking is the best exercise next 2 logical extension of working is Icarus animals over long distances which meant a lot of running and if while you are out hunting something else started hunting you biologists have recently established that's the one thing that you can physically do better than any other animal is long distance run there are plenty of animals that are faster than human beings in the Sprint over short distances but only human hunter-gatherers could run all day long 3 francs with food and water and then get up the next day and do it again that is the kind of shape of the human body is supposed to be in for the very few people actually are these days if you watched the long-distance running events the marathon 10000 by 1000 the same thing you'll see it any Olympics athletes line up next to these skinny little black African athletes compared to the white muscular Goliath and yes at the end of the race it is the runners from places like Kenya and Ethiopia that walk away with the metals how is that possible because it's

part of their traditional lifestyle Ethiopia is the birthplace of humanity people that for running long distance is there for over 200,000 years next insert walking and running his other main form of exercise was grounding involves a lot of running fishing involved if you lived running and swimming primarily lower body exercises primarily work your legs but that means that they are whole body exercises this means they are exercises which improve the thickness of your whole body exercises such as exercise the lower body did not do those kinds of exercises today's bodybuilders weightlifters against such as the Olympics they may have acquired a huge amount of protein swimming short walking running and swimming by the exercises by body if all done and that is why they are still the best exercises for our bodies now you work was your main form of exercise of walking running and swimming because that was what they had to do to get food change with the Rise Of Agricultural Society Society 2 lb The Rise Of Agricultural Society Society do Senator meeting once people started working the land farming lifestyle farm work walking running and swimming everybody work because you were using your hands to operate some tool shovel the reins of the plow something like that so these were basically upper body exercises. These made agr soc less healthy. On the farm it was constantly on the move going from job to job and so on, so it was still a upper body exercise. constantly on the move going from job to job and so on Farming Austin out and healthy fresh air so people maintain their connection with nature in the Industrial Revolution and the nature of work because it has mechanized most jobs these days of course machines do most of the hard physical labour people just operate machines end of the latter half of the twentieth century of course more and more computerized which means that more and more jobs are done sitting down just as I am right now in modern industrial society for the first time in history only a minority of people these days well and image that means the society's overall level of physical activity has declined significantly and this problem only seems to be getting worse with every generation it has been recently estimated 3 out of 5 Canadian children do not get enough exercise for optimal physical development 2018 participation report card on physical activity for children that you gave Canadian children a grade of just D in physical activity. in physical fitness just a decline in physical work industrial society has had to invent exercise as activity separate work and everything else that encouraged to think of every day activities as exercise anymore just a decline in the physical work industrial society has had to invent exercise as Steve activity separate work and everything else that encouraged to think of everyday activities as exercise anymore because we always depend on machines and so as going to the gym and using quipments playing sports and buying

equipments,so exercising is only promoted to benefit the businesses. Everything is made into a business. Find as going to the gym and using lots of expensive equipment or playing sports and buying lots of expensive equipment moreover in our culture we are encouraged to make these forms of exercise into high energy workout if you're playing sports while you're told to give it all you have so that you win the game if you're going to the gym are encouraged to do for that personal best step every time well the trouble with that isn't many of these exercises primarily upper body exercises from pumping iron in squash now if you are already in good shape and you want to get in great shape because you're a professional athlete site if you are overweight and out-of-shape then a high-energy upper body workout things like lifting weights above your heart and that you are putting pressure on your heart and you are literally asking from a heart attack in the mid-twentieth century large numbers of overweight middle-aged men in particular had heart attacks during exercise where are this exercise patterns change. Jogging became popular and in the late 20th century we saw a rise in the popularity of treadmills, they allow you to run at one place without going anywhere. In addition,there is one healthy new form of exercise, industrial soc has invented one machine to benefit us, which is the bicycle, so biking is the utmost form of good exercise. so , again there was a rise in the popularity of stationary bikes. They also come with virtua; screams like treadmills. However, despite all these new techs, the best exercise aid by far is,, back to h/g soc. According to archeos 30k y o hg soc made an invention. WHICH is best invention, the “dogs” hg soc bred dogs from wolves to aid with their hunting. But the family pet is a better exercise aid than any other tech. So studies have shown that when someone buys a new piece of equipment, they don’t use it much. But when someone gets a dog, they go with it everyday. Because it's a living being. It guilt trips you to take for a walk and walking is the best exercise. Strudies show that fog walkers get a hour more activity than non ones. People wont go for a walk for themselves but they will do it for their dog. Studies show that dog owners are happier and they have reduced risk of death from number of ailments. Dog ownerships reduced all cause mortality rate by 24% and heart attack by 31%. So, in conclusion, we also need to remember patterns of ec]xercise are directly linked to class of certain people. The upper class is always fitter and healthier than the lower class. However, these days the rich doesnt refer to ceo and business it also refers to professional athletes, industrial society has created the ridge between the fattest and the fittest. Before play Lambert exercise equipment is a professional Accomplishments and have incorporated the professional athletes into entertainment industry

like olympics they want average person to sit on a couch and watch professional atheletses on TV.