(S)A N P 2 M 4 case

QUESTION 1

1. Zane, a 26-year-old male, came upon a car accident and immediately started to help the victims, who were pinned in their car. There was blood all over the scene and Zane acted without having any personal protective equipment. While helping the victims, he cut his arms in several places on the sharp metal and shards of glass. A few weeks later, he developed flu-like symptoms that persisted for several days. He went to his clinic and tested negative for influenza.   Because of his recent exposure, Zane’s doctor was suspicious of blood borne pathogens. Which of the following disorders are blood-borne diseases?

		HIV infection
		Hepatitis A
		Cirrhosis
		Leukemia

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Lab tests confirm the presence of HIV antibodies in Zane’s blood. Briefly describe why there are antibodies present.

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Briefly define “autoimmunity” and “immunodeficiency” in your own words. Which of these conditions is Zane more likely to develop?

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. During the primary HIV infection, which of the following cells decreases in number?

		T-cells
		B-cells
		Natural killer cells
		Phagocytes

1 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Which of the following statements is true?

		HIV typically causes AIDs within the first year of exposure.
		AIDs is caused by depletion of B-cells.
		The cause of death for a patient with AIDS is usually an opportunistic infection.
		HIV is treated with antibiotics.

1 points   

QUESTION 6

1. HIV is a retrovirus. Briefly describe how a retrovirus is different from other viruses.

1 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Zane is worried about passing the virus to his friends and family. Which of the following bodily fluids can transmit HIV? (Select all that apply.)

		Blood
		Tears
		Feces
		Sputum
		Sweat
		Semen

1 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of acute HIV infection?

		Fever
		Large, tender lymph nodes
		Throat inflammation
		Numbness

1 points   

QUESTION 9

1. The initial symptoms of HIV infection are followed by clinical latency. Which of the following statements is true?

		Clinical latency is a symptomatic period of infection.
		The clinical latency period usually lasts less than a year.
		Clinical latency is the second stage of HIV infection and can last anywhere from 3 to 20 years.
		Patients usually become overweight or obese during clinical latency.

1 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Zane is told that he may develop AIDS in his lifetime. Which signs and symptoms would indicate that he has AIDS?

		Encephalitis, tumors, tuberculosis, retinitis, T-cell count below 200 cells/uL
		Migraines, respiratory disorders, T-cell count over 200 cells/uL
		Esophagitis, tumors, diarrhea, B-cell count under 200 cells/uL
		Liver spots, abnormal moles, chronic headaches, B-cell count over 200 cells/uL

1 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Justine, a 39-year-old female, has recently been diagnosed with lymphoma. She has a family history of several cancers, but not lymphoma. Her personal medical history includes mononucleosis, asthma, and two full-term pregnancies and vaginal births. Before her diagnosis, she had been feeling “generally sick” and felt several lumps on her neck and armpits. She had a fever that wouldn’t go away and had been waking up sweaty in the middle of the night. Microscopy showed the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells.   Based on the information given, which of the type of lymphoma does Justine have?

		Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
		Hodgkin lymphoma
		Lymphocytic lymphoma
		Burkitt’s lymphoma

1 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Reed Sternberg cells are derived from which type of normal cell?

		T-cells
		B-lymphocytes
		Macrophages
		Natural killer cells

1 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Which of Justine’s symptoms signify the presence of lymphadenopathy?

1 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Aside from the symptoms noted in Justine’s case, list and briefly describe 3 other symptoms of lymphoma.

1 points   

QUESTION 15

1. Lymphoma is definitively diagnosed by which of the following procedures?

		Physical exam
		Lymph node biopsy
		X-ray
		White blood cell count

1 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Which of the following is true of Justine’s treatment?

		Because her lymphoma is localized, she will likely be treated with radiotherapy alone.
		Palliative care is Justine’s only option.
		Alternative and complementary medicine has been shown to be highly effective for patients with Justine’s type of lymphoma.
		Stem cell transplantation is the most common first-line therapy for patients with Justine’s type of lymphoma.

1 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following is true of Justine’s diagnosis?

		It is caused by a genetic mutation of a lymphocyte.
		It is easily treatable and she has a great prognosis.
		It causes her lymphocytes to shrink.
		It causes her body to launch an autoimmune attack against its own lymphocytes.

1 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which part of Justine’s case study is considered a risk factor for her diagnosis?

		Her age
		Her gender/sex
		Past Epstein-Barr infection
		History of asthma

1 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Chemotherapy is a very general term for using medications to treat cancers. Briefly describe how chemotherapy would help Justine.

1 points   

QUESTION 20

1. How would a bone marrow transplant help treat Justine’s condition?

1 points