(w)ANP 2 M 8 CASE

QUESTION 1

1. Jeff is a 57-year-old male with a long history of type 1 diabetes. He takes insulin to manage his diabetes, but has been having trouble maintaining steady blood glucose levels over the last two weeks. Jeff suffered a week-long case of influenza last month, but is otherwise healthy. This morning, he began vomiting upon waking. This was followed by extreme abdominal pain and extreme thirst. He called his endocrinologist, who told him that he needs to seek emergency care.   Given Jeff’s history of type 1 diabetes, which of the following conditions is he most likely experiencing?

		Diabetic ketoacidosis
		Metabolic alkalosis
		Respiratory alkalosis
		Diabetic alkalosis

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a type of respiratory acidosis.

 True

 False

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. If Jeff has diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following symptoms may he also be experiencing?

		Infrequent urination
		Deep, rapid breathing
		Increased energy
		Increased salivation

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. To diagnosis his condition, a blood osmolality test is ordered. An abnormally high result could point to all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

		Diabetic ketoacidosis
		Stroke or head trauma
		Dehydration
		Oversecretion of ADH

1 points   

QUESTION 5

1. If Jeff has an acidic condition related to his diabetes, which of the following signs are likely to be present?

		Tachycardia and hypotension
		Bradycardia and hypotension
		Bradycardia and hypertension
		Tachycardia and hypertension

1 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Briefly explain why Jeff has a feeling of extreme thirst.

1 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Metabolic acidosis results is low blood pH levels and high bicarbonate ion concentration.

 True

 False

1 points   

QUESTION 8

1. If Jeff’s condition goes untreated, his body may begin to hyperventilate to compensate for the change in his blood pH levels.

 True

 False

1 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Treatment for Jeff’s acidic condition may include all of the following EXCEPT:

		Fluid replacement
		Insulin
		Dietary water restriction
		Sodium bicarbonate solution

1 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Kidney failure, cardiac arrest, and cerebral edema are all possible complications if Jeff’s condition is not treated.

 True

 False

1 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Hiro is a 46-year-old male who has recently acquired severe food poisoning, which caused 72 hours of frequent vomiting and diarrhea. The third day after his symptoms began, Hiro experienced heart palpitations and confusion. He had trouble answering simple questions and felt disoriented. His care team was concerned about these new symptoms and decided to perform a urinalysis and several blood tests to determine the cause. These are Hiro’s results:   Blood Calcium Level: 4.6 mEq/L Blood Sodium Level: 140 mEq/L Blood Potassium Level: 2.9 mEq/L Urine Specific Gravity: 1.020   Which of the following conditions is Hiro experiencing?

		Hyperkalemia
		Hyponatremia
		Hypercalcemia
		Hypokalemia

1 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Briefly explain why Hiro’s food poisoning led to an electrolyte imbalance.

1 points   

QUESTION 13

1. In addition to what Hiro has already experienced, which of the following symptoms may be related to Hiro’s condition? (Select all that apply.)

		Tetany
		Muscle weakness
		Increased thirst
		Increased bone density
		Constipation

1 points   

QUESTION 14

1. In Hiro’s case, how is stomach acid related to the loss of potassium?

1 points   

QUESTION 15

1. How is Hiro’s specific gravity level related to his level of hydration?

1 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Hiro’s electrolyte imbalance is caused by vomiting and diarrhea. Which of the following could also cause his condition? (Select all that apply.)

		Excessive laxative use
		Diuretics
		Excess aldosterone secretion
		Diabetic ketoacidosis
		Folic acid supplements

1 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Explain how Hiro’s kidneys will help return his potassium levels to normal.

1 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Most of the body’s potassium is found in the:

		Intracellular fluid
		Extracellular fluid
		Plasma
		Interstitial fluid

1 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Why do potassium levels have such a strong effect on muscle function?

		Potassium is needed to repolarize the cell membrane between action potentials.
		Potassium is an important building block for acetylcholine.
		Potassium is a neurotransmitter that is used for muscle contraction.
		Potassium is found within the T-tubules of each muscle cells.

1 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate for Hiro?

		Intravenous potassium supplementation
		Calcium supplements
		Avoiding avocados, citrus fruits, and leafy greens into the diet
		Diuretics

1 points