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Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotated Bibliography

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Annotated Bibliography

Hart, J. (2012). Healing Touch, Therapeutic Touch, and Reiki: Energy Medicine Advances in the Medical Community. Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 18(6), 309-313. doi:10.1089/act.2012.18609

Jane Hart started an energy based, medicine practice with therapeutic touch and created a program providing a philosophy of care based on an energy healing technique, also known as a form of Reiki, based in San Antonio, Texas. This article highlights the increasing acceptance of energy medicine as an alternative healing modality as an important healing practice in the medical community. This type of energy medicine therapies is more common and are offered in hospitals as a complementary therapy. Energy medicine is becoming widely accepted and are prescribed part and parcel to patients’ treatment regimens. Even though energy medicine is more prevalent and accepted alternative healing therapies, there is still controversy due to the lack of understanding the physiologic mechanisms behind energy medicine, credibility, lack of high-quality research, randomized controlled trials, and evidence based supporting biofield therapy research. Moreover, there is an increasing need for energy medicine I a medical setting providing physical and emotional benefits and comfort. According to Hart (2012), “While the field of energy medicine has come a long way, there are still some obstacles to overcome in order to continue advancing in the medical community.” (Conclusion). This research design was experimental, randomized, and performed a pre-test-post-test.

Burden, B., Herron-Marx, S., & Clifford, C. (2005). The increasing use of reiki as a complementary therapy in specialist palliative care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 11(5), 248-253.

This article highlights the development in the last decade the increase in the integration and usage of complementary therapies (CT’s) as an adjunct therapy to conventional medication care and treatment. According to Burden, Herron-Marx, and Clifford (2005), “Documented benefits of relaxation, decreased perception of pain, reduced anxiety and improved sense of wellbeing have been shown to enable an enhanced quality of life, where curative treatment is no longer an option.” (Introduction). Moreover, Reiki is a recent addition to a recognized CT for cancer patients as an energy-healing intervention. Reiki has gained popularity as a non-invasive and non-pharma logical treatment that produces profound relaxation, relief from anxiety, stress, pain, and promotion of a feeling of wellbeing. Although there is no evidence supporting its effects within clinical practice, the article takes the position of Reiki as an emerging CT, but does infer the need for more research. This peer-reviewed article was a blind peer review performed in United Kingdom.

Miles, P., & True, G. (2003). Reiki--review of a biofield therapy history, theory, practice, and research. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 9(2), 62-72. Retrieved from https://search-proquest- com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/docview/204828195?accountid=458

According to Miles and True (2003), “Although systematic study of efficacy is scant thus far, Reiki is increasingly used as an adjunct to conventional medical care, both in and out of hospital settings.” (Introduction). This article discusses the theory of Reiki, historical review, the practice of Reiki and the growing popularity of this biofield energy therapy. The authors do a good job of outlining the use of Reiki in a clinical setting and examine important consideration in establishing Reiki programs within health care industry. The authors performed a significant amount of research literature reviews and evaluated the direction for future Reiki research. Although the authors reviewed over 70 related articles, they reported that the literature currently consists of a limited number of reported cases, descriptive studies, or randomized controlled studies. According to Miles and True (2003), “Although it comes mostly from descriptive studies or randomized controlled trials with design limitations, evidence of the beneficial effects of Reiki makes a compelling case for the need for further research.” (Directions of Future Research). This article’s research consisted solely of literature reviews.

Nield-Anderson, L., & Ameling, A. (2000). The empowering nature of Reiki as a complementary therapy. Holistic Nursing Practice, 14(3), 21-29.

This article is different than the others in that is discusses the difficulty in conducting research on the efficacy of Reiki, while outlining the increased success of Reiki as a complementary and alternative healing method to Western medical treatment. This article is similar to the others in its understanding of what Reiki is, the theory behind it, history, and biofield energy alternative treatment that compliments traditional medical care. Out of all the other articles, this article articulates the use of Reiki in a comprehensive medical setting and discusses in depth professional standards, which the other have little or nothing considered. This article is comparative to all the others I’ve reviewed in that is reiterates the lack of studies reported in literature and a limited number of case reports, but does pose the question that out of all the studies conducted, the number of patients reviewed were significantly smaller overall than other related subjects. This article studied randomized, controlled studies with design limitations. As with the other articles, the authors state that there is a need for further research and studies that build upon current research already performed.

Hammerschlag, R., Marx, B. L., & Aickin, M. (2014). Nontouch Biofield Therapy: A Systematic Review of Human Randomized Controlled Trials Reporting Use of Only Nonphysical Contact Treatment. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 20(12), 881-892. doi:10.1089/acm.2014.0017

This article’s objective, moreover than the articles cited above, is closely related to my hypothesis statement in that this review assesses the quality and outcome of randomized controlled trials (RCT’s) of biofield therapy, specifically, non-physical touch form of treatment. My hypothesis is to review the effects of laying on of hands biofield therapy has a significant, positive impact on a patient; conversely, my null-hypothesis is that there is no relationship between laying on of hands versus hovering of hands. The authors used a database using reference list searches and extracted the data to determine the range of treatment outcomes. In addition, the authors evaluated the data via a modified five item relevant trials examining non-physical touch biofield therapies in trials. The inclusion criteria were clearly reported on the use of only non-physical contact treatment. Some trials were excluded due to low sample size; similar issues reported with the other articles reviewed and a continuing analysis that there needs to be continued research efforts in the biofield clinical trials performed and studies due to the lack of information relative to this subject.

References

Hart, J. (2012). Healing Touch, Therapeutic Touch, and Reiki: Energy Medicine Advances in the Medical Community. Alternative & Complementary Therapies, 18(6), 309-313. doi:10.1089/act.2012.18609

Nield-Anderson, L., & Ameling, A. (2000). The empowering nature of Reiki as a complementary therapy. Holistic Nursing Practice, 14(3), 21-29.