Capstone Project Research

Running head: AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 1

Aviation Safety Challenges in Africa

Ivan Brian Temanju

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 2

Annotated Bibliography

Accident Investigation Bureau, Nigeria. (2014). Reports and publications. Retrieved on March 28,

2019 from http://www.aib.gov.ng/publication.php.

This source was written to provide reports on the rates of airplane accidents in

Nigeria and still highlights some of the ways they could have been avoided. It states that one of

the challenges of aviation safety is Africa is based on human errors and changes in weather

conditions. The results of the investigation conducted by the bureau in Nigeria stated that the

only way the airplane accidents can be reduced is by ensuring that all the training centres are

tested and certified. This source is credible and connects well with the research topic in that it

avails aviation issue backs them with the right mitigation mechanisms.

Aviation Safety Implementation Assistance Partnership (ASIAP). (n.d). Retrieved on March 28,

2019 from https://www.icao.int/safety/ASIAP/Pages/default.aspx

The website states about the partnership which coordinates efforts that contribute

to the provision of assistance to member States with the objectives of information sharing,

prioritizing assistance needs, collaborating on assistance activities, supporting a resource

mobilization strategy, and agreeing on outcome indicators. This source contributes to the topic in

that such partnerships and collaborations amongst member states help mitigates safety risks and

challenges by sharing information, expertise and resources.

Hooper, B. J. & O’Hare, D. P. (2013). Exploring human error in military aviation flight safety

systems using post-incident classification systems. Journal of Aviation, Space and

Environmental Medicine, 84(8), 803–813

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 3

This article was written with the purpose of bringing out some of ways accidents

occur among the military airplanes in Africa. This was an investigation conducted and the results

were that human errors are the main causes of military airplane crushes. Human error is a

challenge that poses safety to the military and this can be mitigated by ensuring that the flight

operators are well trained and that they have a long term experience. They also need to be

educated on safety measures put in place. The source supports the topic at hand by stating the

challenges and mitigation steps of aviation industry.

Iata. (n.d.). IATA Releases 2018 Airline Safety Performance. Retrieved on March 28, 2019, from

https://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Pages/2019-02-21-01.aspx

This press release by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) shows

the safety performance of the commercial airline industry for 2018. It also shows the continuing

safety improvements over the long term, but an increase in accidents compared to 2017. IATA

collects information from the more than 100,000 flights that operate safely every day to identify

and address operational issues before they can become potential risks. This source is credible and

provide reliable safety performance information of Africa airlines compared to others from other

parts of the world and what needs to be done to continue improving aviation safety.

International Civil Aviation Organization. (2008). Skills shortage in aviation fields in Africa,

Special Africa-Indian Ocean (AFI) regional air navigation meeting, Durban, South

Africa

This sources was put in place by the International Civil Aviation Organization to

bring out the challenges that are connected to safety in the African Aviation industry.

This source stipulates the fact that there has been a shortage in skills especially in the

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 4

aviation fields of Africa. The pilots as well as technicians do not have the right skills to

ensure that all flights are safe. The only solution is therefore to train them and ensure that

they have the right experience levels. This reference backs up the topic by spelling out all

the safety challenges and the mitigation measures.

Munene, I. (2016). An application of the HFACS method to aviation accidents in Africa.

Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors.

Munene (2016) conducted a research and in this article he presented some of the

ways the aviation industry in Africa can be saved. The article states that Kenya, Nigeria and

South Africa are some of the countries that are mostly affected when it comes to airplane crushes

that pose danger to the passengers. According to the author, the best way to remedy the situation

is by using Human Factors Analysis and Classification Systems (HFACS). This analysis shows

all the factors that contribute to airplane accidents in that case, he states that the flight training

mechanism should be changed being in line with risk management aspects. This contributes to

the topic by stating the mitigation measures to be put in place.

Oster Jr, C. V., Strong, J. S., & Zorn, C. K. (2013). Analyzing aviation safety: problems,

challenges, opportunities. Research in transportation economics, 43(1), 148-164.

The authors in this article bring out some of the problems as well as challenges

that are connected to aviation industry in Africa. The main aim is to show the economic issues

that have been connected to the challenges that are accrued in this industry. For instance, it states

that cases of terrorism and frequent plane crushes are issues that need to be handled before they

get out of hand. The results indicate that the establishment of new aviation policies will help in

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 5

maintenance of safety in the African aviation industry. Therefore, this source is reliable as it

highlights effective ways of saving African airlines.

Republic of Cameroon. (2007). Technical investigation into the accident of the B737-800

registration 5Y-KYA operated by Kenya Airways that occurred on the 5thof May 2007 in

Douala (Decision No. 099/PM). Douala, Cameroon

This source was written to present an error that occurred before the crash of the

B737-800 plane. The plane was run by the Kenya Airways company. The report showed that the

accident was caused by the changes in weather and the fact that the flight control was not well

manned. This is an implication that aviation safety is facing a challenge of negligence. The

source therefore states that best thing would have been to study the likelihood of having changes

in weather before flying. This source is reliable as it gives a real life example of an aviation

challenge in Africa as well as the mitigation steps.

Rinefort, F. C. & Petrick, J. A. (2012). The challenge of managing safety in Africa. International

Journal of Business and Social Science, 3, 19–23.

This source was written to vividly bring out the challenges that are associated

with the management of aviation safety in Africa. The source states that one of the challenges is

the lack of technical know-how as well as lack of funds. The organizations responsible for the

aviation industry in Africa do not have the right resources to reduce the number of accidents that

occur. In that case, the source states the best thing is to ensure that competence is embraced at all

times. Therefore, the source is credible because it is a research and still brings out an analysis of

the problems and issues that needs to be addressed in connection to aviation industry.

Stolzer, A. (2008). Safety management systems in aviation. Surrey, UK: Ashgate.

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 6

This article is based on different types of aviation safety management systems that

are supposed to be utilised to reduce the negative impacts that are in the industry. It provides an

analysis of the different safety records of passengers in the entire world. It states that there has

been an improvement in commercial airline safety with fatal accidents reducing drastically. In

that case, it states that one ways of dealing with the aviation challenges is by focusing on

terrorists and also ensuring that the tools used are well tested. This source is reliable because it is

in support of the need to provide a remedy to the challenges that are affecting the African

aviation industry.

U.S. Government Accountability Office. (2009). International aviation: Federal efforts help

address safety challenges in Africa, but could benefit from assessment and better

coordination. (Report GAO-09-498). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office

This article is a report that was conducted by the U.S Government Accountability

Office in the year 2009. The article stipulates a number of challenges among the African airlines

when it comes to management and maintenance of safety. The African Aviation industry has

been at the limelight for many years with many air crashes occurring. In that case, the articles

states that the best way to deal with the issue is by implementing assessment mechanisms that

ensure that aircrafts are safe before taking off. The other mitigation measure that has been put in

place in the article is that coordination is poor in Africa and improving on this aspect will

streamline issues that are faced by many. Poor coordination makes the flight attendants and

controllers to lose concentration. This source is reliable because it brings out the mitigation

measures with regards to aviation safety challenges in Africa.

AVIATION SAFETY CHALLENGES IN AFRICA 7

Wiegmann, D. A. & Shappell, S. A. (2001). A human error analysis of commercial aviation

accidents using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) (Report

DOT/FAA/AM-01/3). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

This source was written to being out some of the human errors that act as aviation

safety challenges in Africa. Negligence and lack of better training is one of the factors that are

given an upper hand. The authors have brought out some of the things that need to be done in

order to make sure that the errors are all eliminated. One of them is based on vetting and

checking the experience that one has had as a pilot. In this way, the errors are all eliminated with

only technical issues remaining as challenges. The source is reliable because it provides a way of

dealing with the human error issue in aviation.

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