Christine 4pg

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Running Head: Annotated bibliography

Annotated bibliography

Annotated Bibliography

Robert Ponton

Professor Ramsey

CRJ422: Criminal Justice Capstone

10/28/2022

Rofiq, A., Disemadi, H. S., & Jaya, N. S. P. (2019, December). Criminal Objectives Integrality in the Indonesian Criminal Justice System. In Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan (Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 179-190).

According to this article, each component of the criminal justice system, from its substance to its structure to its legal culture, must work together to accomplish the system's full potential. Because of this, it is crucial that the three components of Indonesia's criminal justice system work together harmoniously so that legitimate law enforcement can proceed with confidence in the legitimacy of the rulings made. Laws will always be biased against the poor and favor the wealthy unless this policy is implemented. This research examines the impact of the integrality of criminal intentions on Indonesia's criminal justice system. This study uses a normative juridical approach to show how the many parts of the criminal justice system—the police, the prosecutors, the courts, and the prisons—all work together to achieve the goals set forth by the numerous statutes that establish them.

The full extent of the pandemic's influence on the American criminal justice system will become apparent as time goes on. These systems will keep on producing both routine and pandemic data for the time being. Research based on these statistics will help define disaster preparedness for years to come, making it of critical importance to the future of the criminal justice system. Researchers who want to use data from the criminal justice system at this time should be aware of several potential data constraints, however. This essay concludes with a consideration of four guidelines that academics should take into account when using data collected during the epidemic, regardless of the area of criminal justice they intend to examine.

Jamal, T., & Higham, J. (2021). Justice and ethics: towards a new platform for tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2-3), 143-157.

Justice has emerged as a crucial principle to govern the growth and direction of the tourism industry in these times of turmoil and uncertainty. People everywhere are searching for ways to right the wrongs they've suffered at the hands of the powerful, whether those wrongs date back centuries or are more recent inventions. This special issue provides a variety of theoretical and empirical insights regarding the intersection of justice and tourism as a response. Considering the nascent nature of theory development in the tourist industry, academics would do well to investigate the various disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches being taken to the study of theories of justice. Social justice, equity, and rights; inclusivity and recognition; sustainability and conservation; well-being, belonging, and capacities; post humanistic justice; and governance and participation are all discussed in this paper as evolving principles and approaches to justice and tourism. We achieve this by outlining the many topics and ideas related to "just" tourism that need immediate and thorough academic consideration. Fortunately, there is a new methodological foundation forming in the field of justice and ethics that might serve as a beacon for the tourist and sustainability industries. Insights and direction towards this topical and vital research agenda are provided in this special issue.

Almqvist, J. (2006). The impact of cultural diversity on international criminal proceedings.

This article examines how cultural diversity affects international criminal processes and what can be done to alleviate the negative outcomes that arise as a result, such as a lack of mutual understanding, estrangement, and conflict. If any one of these prerequisites isn't met, international criminal tribunals lose not just their ability to provide justice to those who need it (the accused, witnesses, and victims) but also their value in the eyes of those who are intended to benefit from them (the affected populations). To date, international criminal tribunals have mainly viewed the issue of cultural variety through the lens of language diversity. Focusing just on language, however, obscures disparities in socio-cultural norms and views about justice, both of which are crucial to their work. These variants are very challenging to address. This article considers whether national courts, which are generally thought to operate in more culturally homogeneous environments, provide more appropriate fora of adjudication of grave crimes under international law.

Arbour, L. (2007). Economic and social justice for societies in transition. NYUJ Int'l L. & Pol., 40, 1.

Considering Beck's 'risk society' concept, risk has been generally seen negatively in social theory and critical criminology. However, the author of this research contends that such concerns are unwarranted. The political climate shapes many of the objects of criticism, and risk is an incredibly malleable governmental technology. All other methods of security have been negatively framed by the same context. Strategies for reducing the potential for harm caused by drugs hold great promise for bridging the gap between risk and security, and more generally, issues of social justice. However, the same issues that plague oversimplifying risk-based security also plague abstract requests for harm minimization security. This study argues that a government analyst may help us build a strategic understanding of risk by analyzing current practices (such damage minimization and restorative justice) and then utilizing that analysis to design new experiments in these areas of policy.

References

Arbour, L. (2007). Economic and social justice for societies in transition. NYUJ Int'l L. & Pol., 40, 1.

Almqvist, J. (2006). The impact of cultural diversity on international criminal proceedings.

Jamal, T., & Higham, J. (2021). Justice and ethics: towards a new platform for tourism and sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(2-3), 143-157.