English Final Essay
Crystal87
Annotatedbibrev2.docxStudent Name:
Course:
Unit:
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Annotated Bibliography
My research is on the impact of food choices to the environment. The research paper will expound on how an individual’s choice of food may result in environmental issues such as increased greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen emission, improper land use and eutrophication. I will also cover how individuals can ensure that their food choices are beneficial to the environment.
Clark, Michael A., et al. "Multiple Health and Environmental Impacts of Foods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.46 (2019, November 12): 23357-23362.
In the research article by Clark et al., they assess the impact that an extra food serving, particularly of the fifteen groups of food, may have on a person’s health and the environment. The research article acknowledges that previous research has indeed shown that dietary choices may, in a way, impact the environment by increasing the emission of greenhouse gasses. In the study, Clark et al. used fifteen groups of food, particularly chicken, dairy, fruits, fish, legumes, nuts, olive oil, potatoes, processed red meat, refined grain, unprocessed red meat, sugar-sweetened beverages, and whole-grain cereals. These foods were selected because previous data showed that they indeed impact the environment and health, using this, they could explain the how and why and how to minimize.
The research results showed that the fifteen groups of food resulted in greenhouse gas emissions, land use, acidification, and eutrophication on different magnitude depending on the portion of each group's serving. The variations showed the extent to which factors such as crop cultivation, water use per serving, unprocessed meat, and dairy products had on the environment. Statistics on each were neatly presented in charts.
I found this research article very important in my research since it involved a wide variety of foods. Although the paper is on the impact of food choices to health and the environment, will only use it to study the impacts in the environment since this is the area I want my research to cover. Unlike most articles, it not only focuses on greenhouse gas emission as an impact of food choices on the environment but goes further to investigate other environmental issues such as eutrophication and land use.
“Eat Green: Our Everyday Food Choices Affect Global Warming and the Environment.” Natural Resources Defense Council. (2019, February): 1&2. nrdc.org
This article by the Natural Resources Defense Council focuses on how one can ensure that their food choices are beneficial to the environment. It acknowledges that most people do not know that their food choices have a negative impact on the environment. The article argues that to ensure environmental stability, people have to be selective on their food choices. One way the Natural Resources Defense Council suggests people do that is by minimizing animal proteins. According to the article, when individuals consume products from organisms higher in the food chain, such as meat, we use more energy, which means more release of greenhouse gases. The article advocates for more plant-based diets. Also, the article advocates for people to watch their waste. This can be done by only buy food that one can consume to avoid wasting or throwing out the excess, which may cause more harm to the environment.
Ritchie, Hannah, and Max Roser. "Environmental Impacts of Food Production." Our World in Data (2020, January). Retrieved From: https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food
The article by Ritchie and Max on our World in Data website focuses on the impacts of food production on the environment. According to the article, governments are so fixated on providing food and water to all its population that they forget that we might be harming the environment in the process of providing everyone these critical basic needs. According to the article, over a quarter of carbon emissions are a result of food production. Apart from that, 50 percent of land and 70 percent of freshwater are utilized for agriculture. Agriculture contributes to about 78 percent of eutrophication, and livestock contributes to about 95% of the world’s biodiversity, excluding humans. The article shows how food production and food choices may affect the different aspects of the environment giving statistics on each. For example, land use per kilogram of mutton is the highest at 369.8m2, and beef the highest in greenhouse emissions by 60 percent.
This article by Richie and Ana from the World in Data website is very important for my research. One reason for this is that the article is from 2020, meaning this is one of the latest data on the environmental impacts of food production. Also, it paints a statistical picture of my research. One might think that this article was misplaced since it is focused on food production and not food choices, but that is not the case. Food production is heavily fueled by demand; thus, by studying statistics of food production, one is able to get a clearer picture of what people's food choices may look like and how these choices have impacted the environment.
Westhoek, Henk, et al. "Food Choices, Health and Environment: Effects of Cutting Europe's Meat and Dairy Intake." Global Environmental Change 26 (2014, May): 196-205.
Westhoek and et al’s research focuses on the environmental and health impact of reducing meat and dairy product consumption in Europe. It recognizes in the West, animal products are primarily consumed. This means that livestock keeping affects the environment, especially land use and biodiversity. It also raises the issue of increased nitrogen due to the nitrogen cycle, particularly on animal waste, and increases the greenhouse effect. The journal researches whether by halving the consumption of animal products, the environment would benefit. The results showed that by doing this, livestock nitrogen emissions reduced by 49 percent and the greenhouse effect reduced by 40-50%.
This article by Westhoek is critical to my research. Unlike the other articles, it focuses on one group of food, animal proteins. This means that this journal offers a more profound, well-outlined perspective on the impact of livestock and animal proteins as a food choice has on the environment. Also, this research approach is different; in a way, it shows how people can benefit the environment by cutting animal protein consumption.
Work Cited
Clark, Michael A., et al. "Multiple Health and Environmental Impacts of Foods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.46 (2019, November 12): 23357-23362.
“Eat Green: Our Everyday Food Choices Affect Global Warming and the Environment.” Natural Resources Defense Council. (2019, February): 1&2. nrdc.org
Ritchie, Hannah, and Max Roser. "Environmental Impacts of Food Production." Our World in Data (2020, January).
Westhoek, Henk, et al. "Food Choices, Health and Environment: Effects of Cutting Europe's Meat and Dairy Intake." Global Environmental Change 26 (2014, May): 196-205.
Student Name:
Course:
Unit:
Date:
Annotated Bibliography
My research is on the impact of food choices to the environment.
The research paper
will
expound on how an
individual’s
choice of food may result in
environmental
issues such as
increased greenhouse gas emissions
,
nitrogen emission,
improper
land use and
eutrophication
. I
will also
cover how individuals can ensure that their food choices are beneficial to the
environment.
Clark, Michael A., et al.
"Multiple
Health
and
Environmental Impacts
of
Foods
."
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
116.46 (2019
, November
12
): 23357
-
23362.
In the research article by Clark et al., they assess the impact that an extra food serving,
particularly of the fifteen groups of food
, may have on a person’s health and the environment.
T
he research article
acknowledges that previous research has indeed shown that dietary choices
may, in a way, impact the environment by increasing the emission of greenhouse gasses. In the
study, Clark e
t al. used fifteen groups of food, particularly chicken, dairy, fruits, fish, legumes,
nuts, olive oil, potatoes, processed red meat, refined grain, unprocessed red meat, sugar
-
sweetened beverages, and whole
-
grain cereals. These foods were selected because
previous data
show
ed
that they indeed impact the environment and health,
using this, they could explain the
how and why and how to minimize.
Student Name:
Course:
Unit:
Date:
Annotated Bibliography
My research is on the impact of food choices to the environment. The research paper will
expound on how an individual’s choice of food may result in environmental issues such as
increased greenhouse gas emissions, nitrogen emission, improper land use and eutrophication. I
will also cover how individuals can ensure that their food choices are beneficial to the
environment.
Clark, Michael A., et al. "Multiple Health and Environmental Impacts of
Foods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116.46 (2019, November
12): 23357-23362.
In the research article by Clark et al., they assess the impact that an extra food serving,
particularly of the fifteen groups of food, may have on a person’s health and the environment.
The research article acknowledges that previous research has indeed shown that dietary choices
may, in a way, impact the environment by increasing the emission of greenhouse gasses. In the
study, Clark et al. used fifteen groups of food, particularly chicken, dairy, fruits, fish, legumes,
nuts, olive oil, potatoes, processed red meat, refined grain, unprocessed red meat, sugar-
sweetened beverages, and whole-grain cereals. These foods were selected because previous data
showed that they indeed impact the environment and health, using this, they could explain the
how and why and how to minimize.
