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Literature Review Assignment

Sexual Assault Among College Students

Student’s Name:Kabita Budhathoki

Instructor: Dr. Elizabeth Wachira

Texas A &M Commerce

Course HHPH 416-01E

Date 10/03/2021

Part A: Annotated Bibliograpy

Article 1: Risk factors for sexual violence among college students in dating relationships

Bhochhibhoya, S., Maness, S. B., Cheney, M., & Larson, D. (2021). Risk factors for sexual violence among college students in dating relationships: an ecological approach. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(15-16), 7722-7746.

Abstract

College students in dating relationships are vulnerable to sexual violence given that nine out of 10 acts of sexual violence are perpetrated by acquaintances, friends, or dating partners. Although past research has explored the risk factors for sexual violence, few studies have considered multileveled factors associated with sexual violence. This study uses the ecological model to investigate the risk factors for sexual violence among college students in dating relationships. Domains of individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels were examined for their associations with sexual victimization. A prevalidated survey was conducted among 361 undergraduates in dating relationships from a public university in the south central United States. Chi-square tests and negative binomial regression analysis were conducted. Approximately 35% of the college students reported experiencing some form of sexual violence perpetrated by their dating partner including attempted and completed rapes. College women reported having experienced significantly higher rates of sexual violence in comparison with college men. On the contrary, this study documents the significant higher prevalence of sexual violence among heterosexual students than among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer college students for experiencing at least one type of sexual violence or unwanted sexual contacts in a dating relationship. Sexual victimization is associated with gender, sexual assertiveness, the frequency of hookups, peer deviance, parental involvement, and perceived discrimination. Participants’ gender, frequent hookups, and lower sexual assertiveness are positively associated with risk of sexual victimization across all types of sexual violence. Multilevel prevention programs and strategies are needed on campuses to reduce sexual victimization among college students in dating relationships.

Annotated Bibliography

The article identifies and discusses about the various risks factors of sexual violence associated within college students engaged in dating relationship. The article reports the use of ecological model to investigate and explore the factors associated with these risk factors of social violence. The study identifies that the college students in dating relationship explore some forms of sexual violence in which college female students are reported being more victimized compared to male students. This article helps in identifying the root cause of sexual violence within college students and multilevel prevention programs that colleges could utilize in order to reduce such sexual violence.

Article 2: Response is not prevention :Management insights for reducing campus sexual assault

Rubineau, B., & Jaswal, N. (2017). Response is not prevention: Management insights

for reducing campus sexual assault. Education & Law Journal, 27(1), 19-XI.

Abstract

Universities use formal policies not only to respond to incidents of sexual harassment and sexual assault, but also to prevent future incidents. This article integrates an analysis of the legal evolution of campus policies regarding sexual harassment and sexual assault in the U.S. and Canada with a targeted review of relevant topics within the management and organizations literature. Based on this synthesis of research examining organizational diversity initiatives, organizational culture, culture change, and safety culture, we challenge the perspective that university policies are an appropriate tool for sexual harassment and sexual assault prevention. Achieving both goals — responsiveness and prevention — requires distinct approaches. Towards this end, we propose a hybrid strategy that requires the separation of policies designed to respond to incidents ex post, from approaches seeking to prevent further incidents ex ante. Successful prevention requires culture change, and culture change requires a broader range of integrated efforts — organized around an encompassing goal such as mutual respect — than is practical to codify within sexual harassment or sexual assault policies.

Annotated Bibliography

This article explores the sexual violence as one of the major problems faced by the university and the university policies in tackling this problem through reporting, responding, and exploring any act of sexual violence. The study shows the university response in issuing this problem by developing various policies that are designed specifically for tackling sexual violence within college students. These university policies focus on the process and different majors that could be taken in such incident of sexual violence. This article is useful as it identifies university policy as an important tool for prevention of sexual violence and sexual harassment within college students. The article emphasized on the respond to post sexual violence related incident in order to prevent such incident in the future.

Article 3: Bystander education training for campus sexual assault prevention

Katz, J., & Moore, J. (2013). Bystander education training for campus sexual assault prevention: An initial meta-analysis. Violence and Victims, 28(6), 1054-1067.

Abstract

The present meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of bystander education programs for preventing sexual assault in college communities. Undergraduates trained in bystander education for sexual assault were expected to report more favorable attitudes, behavioral proclivities, and actual behaviors relative to untrained controls. Data from 12 studies of college students (N 5 2,926) were used to calculate 32 effect sizes. Results suggested moderate effects of bystander education on both bystander efficacy and intentions to help others at risk. Smaller but significant effects were observed regarding self-reported bystander helping behaviors, (lower) rape-supportive attitudes, and (lower) rape proclivity, but not perpetration. These results provide initial support for the effectiveness of in-person bystander education training. Nonetheless, future longitudinal research evaluating behavioral outcomes and sexual assault incidence is needed.

Annotated Bibliography

This article examines the effectiveness of bystander education and self-defense training programs in preventing the sexual violence. The article further discusses about the self-defense training and other rape avoidance program helping in lowering the rate of victimization. Although these programs are insufficient in preventing sexual violence in colleges, this article recommend on bystander education effort in preventing the sexual violence. This article points out that it is not clear that to what degree bystander education helps in lowering the sexual violence rate, but it is also the fact that bystander education programs help in reducing the rape-supportive attitudes and other forms of sexual violence.

Part B: Literature Review Methodology and Matrix

To develop this literature review, credible organization and peer reviewed article was undertaken . The terms like “sexual assault “ ,”LGBTQ”, “ victimization “ , were used. Keywords like sexual abuse, rape, sexual violence within college students were used to explore more information. A total of three different website were

used during this literature review and to further limit the article findings, timeline between 2016 to 2021 were used.

Literature Review Methodology

Literature Review Matrix: Focus on Sexual Assault among College Students

Author(s),

Year, Title of

Journal Article,

Journal Name,

Vol #, Page

Numbers

(APA 7th)

(In text citation)

How is the health issued defined?

What are the major risk factors discussed?

A few key points (or findings) from the article

Why are these points/findings?

important to health

education/promotion? (What is the “realworld” application?)

Bhochhibhoya, S., Maness, S. B., Cheney, M., & Larson, D. (2021). Risk factors for sexual violence among college students in dating relationships: an ecological approach. Journal of interpersonal violence, 36(15-16), 7722-7746.

· Sexual assault is defined as the penetrative or nonpenetrative abusive sexual contacts, which occur without the consent of the victim or when the victim refuses or is unable to give a consent.

· Risk factor are Alcohol and drug use, aggressive behavior, Delinquency , family environment of violence.

· sexual assault, LGBTQ, anything related to sexual assault, revictimization

· It helps in identifying the root cause of sexual violence within college students and multilevel prevention programs

Rubineau, B., & Jaswal, N. (2017). Response is not prevention: Management insights

for reducing campus sexual assault. Education & Law Journal, 27(1), 19-XI.

the separation of policies designed to respond to incidents ex post, from approaches seeking to prevent further incidents

· the university policies in tackling this problem through reporting, responding and exploring any act of sexual violence

· The study is important because its helps universities to record the incident and prevent such incident of happening again.

Katz, J., & Moore, J. (2013). Bystander education training for campus sexual assault prevention: An initial meta-analysis. Violence and Victims, 28(6), 1054-1067

· Intervention was on the local, states and national level and target the college student.

· Bystander education program and self defense program against sexual assault.

This study is important because it helps college students from any kind of sexual violence by self-defending themselves.

References

Katz, J., & Moore, J. (2013). Bystander education training for campus sexual assault prevention: An initial meta-analysis. Violence and Victims, 28(6), 1054-1067

Rubineau, B., & Jaswal, N. (2017). Response is not prevention: Management insights

for reducing campus sexual assault. Education & Law Journal, 27(1), 19-XI.