Research/ arguement essay

Professor Gallego

5 May 2019

Parenting 101

An Annotated Bibliography

Thesis Statement: Although the punishment of children might sometimes turn into abuse, I argue that the authoritative parenting style teaches children morals through role modeling, positive discipline, and reasonable corporal punishment used for the best interest of child.

Carroll, Paul and William Kyle Hamilton. “Positive Discipline Parenting Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Measure.” Journal of Individual Psychology, vol. 72, no. 1, Spring 2016, pp. 60–74. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1353/jip.2016.0002.

The article “Positive Discipline Parenting Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Measure” by Paul Carroll and William Kyle Hamilton talks about an authoritative parenting style and positive discipline are correlated towards happier and more self-independent children. The author of the article talks about how authoritative parenting style guides children by helping them become more independent through meeting the needs of their children and being aware that they will follow the example shown to them. The authors give examples on how these statistics show success through the authoritative parenting style. The article states “Another key element of the program is the idea that how a parent responds to a child influences how the child will respond, and the belief that this is true is formed through experience, so we included a measure of this belief” (Carrol, et al. 63). This shows how though being strict with children through the authoritative parenting style can be seen as harsh it also leads children into a positive direction through putting a good example for them to follow. This article is credible because the author is a PhD candidate in psychology along with a co-author who is graduate student in psychology. It is also 16 pages long and includes statistics within the journal to prove how the studies conducted resulted.

Kitano, Naomi, et al. “Associations between Childhood Experiences of Parental Corporal Punishment and Neglectful Parenting and Undergraduate Students’ Endorsement of Corporal Punishment as an Acceptable Parenting Strategy.” PLoS ONE, vol. 13, no. 10, Oct. 2018, pp. 1–16. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206243.

The article “Associations between Childhood Experiences of Parental Corporal Punishment and Neglectful Parenting and Undergraduate Students’ Endorsement of Corporal Punishment as an Acceptable Parenting Strategy” by Naomi Kitano, Kouichi Yoshimasu, Beverley Anne Yamamoto and Yasuhide Nakamura talks about research done to show that corporal punishment on children actually does not lead to the negative effects that everyone believes it does. The article goes over studies done through many countries to identify whether applying corporal punishment has long term effects on children which can later be seen to negatively affect their life. The study focuses a lot on Japan and surveying an apparent group of healthy children to see whether they had been through corporal punishment as a child. The end result was that a lot of them had received physical punishment growing up and had had no effect in their later life. I will use the quote, “The present results indicate that a sizable proportion of the undergraduate student participants had experienced pervasive parental CP and NP, and more men than women reported both types of experience (36.5% vs. 19.4% for CP; 22.1% vs. 9.7% for NP). This result is especially interesting given that we targeted an apparently healthy and academically successful population of young people” (Kitano, et al. 9). This quote proves my point because it shows how the survey results favor the use of corporal punishment in the way that it does not end up negatively affecting the children’s life later on. This article is credible because the authors come from credible work places such as the Research Center for Community Medicine, the Department of Public Health, the Department of Hygiene, and attend the Graduate School of Human Sciences as well of the Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation. The article is 16 pages long and includes statistics from the direct survey done.

Kooij, Inger W., et al. “Perceptions of Corporal Punishment among Creole and Maroon Professionals and Community Members in Suriname.” Child Abuse Review, vol. 26, no. 4, July 2017, pp. 275–288. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/car.2475.

The Article “Perceptions of Corporal Punishment among Creole and Maroon Professionals and Community Members in Suriname.” was written by Inger W. van der Kooij, Josta Nieuwendam, Gerben Moerman, Frits Boer Ramón J. L. Lindauer, Jaipaul L. Roopnarine, and Tobi L. G. Graafsma. The article’s main idea is to inform and provide a researched data based in Suriname about the perception of child discipline and corporal punishment among parents and teaches. The Article presents a study conducted in three of ten districts in Suriname involving the residents of Creole and Maroon and the study was divided into 12 focus groups which included 16 Maroon and Creole Surinamese mothers, 13 fathers, 20 adolescents and 18 professionals. The study conducted a series of question to all the participants regarding child discipline and corporal punishment. Most parents and professionals agreed that corporal punishment is not a form of abuse and it is accepted if used in the best interest of the child. I will use the quote, “Well, if your parents spoke too much to you and you did not listen. Then they are allowed to give you a strong beating. But they are not allowed to mistreat you” (Kooij, et al. 284) in my essay because this quote supports my argument that corporal punishment is important sometimes to teach children discipline and morals for their wrong doings. At the same time, parents should know the limitations to corporal punishment and should not abuse the child. The article is 15 pages in length and it has cited about 33 different sources. All the authors of this article are associated with different universities and research centers which leads me to believe that this article is a credible source to be used in my essay.

LeCuyer, Elizabeth A., et al. “African American Mothers’ Self-Described Discipline Strategies with Young Children.” Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, vol. 34, no. 3, Sept. 2011, pp. 144–162. EBSCOhost, doi:10.3109/01460862.2011.596457.

The article “African American Mothers’ Self-Described Discipline Strategies with Young Children” by Elizabeth A. LeCuyer talks about the African American culture and how physical, but not abusive, parenting style does not lead to a negative effect in children. The articles states African American families are more prone to use non-abusive strategies in order to discipline their children. They're methods can be described as disciplinary strategies rather than corporal punishment for misbehavior, parents use verbal teachings to maintain a positive parent-child relationship. I will use the quote “The use of these non-physical strategies along with other indicators of accepting, nurturing mother-child relationships such as mothers’ appreciation of play, and ability to understand their child’s perspective and developmental limits, may be the most crucial components of effective discipline in this population, rather than the presence or absence of physical strategies”(LeCuyer, et al.160).This quote supports the thesis of why authoritative parenting style teaches children through role modeling, avoiding corporal punishment and using positive discipline as reinforcement. The article is 20 pages in length and the authors are all PhD holders at the University of Rochester School of Nursing, Rochester, New York, USA which makes the article credible with the research and data collected.