Research

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Annotated Bibliography

Laws and Consequences of Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol

(DUI)

First Name Last Name

Los Angeles City College

Library Science 101 – Fall 2017

Professor Hamilton

December 5, 2017

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Reference Entry

“Driving Under the Influence.” Gale Encyclopedia of Everyday Law, vol. 1, 2nd ed., edited by

Jeffrey Wilson, Gale, 2006, pp. 465-470. Gale Virtual Reference Library,

go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=losangeles_cc&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CC

X2588700092&it=r. Accessed 31 Oct. 2017.

Summary: This entry contains general background information on drunk driving, also known as

“driving while intoxicated” (DWI) or “driving under the influence of alcohol” (DUI). It discusses

the different tests and methods used by police officers to help determine whether a driver of a

vehicle is under the influence or intoxicated, tiers of criminal and civil consequences, defenses

that the offender can raise when convicted of a DUI and more. The source continuously reminds

us that drunk driving laws differ by individual states therefore to look into the reader’s state’s

law for details.

Authority: This source is published in volume 1, second edition of the Gale Encyclopedia of

Everyday Law published in 2006 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of Cengage Learning, Inc. and is a

reliable source known to many scholars, teachers and professors for their large volume of

academic material database.

Evaluation: This entry was published in 2006, more than ten years ago. Because laws change

over time, readers are advised to research for updated laws and statutes before relying on the

information. Also, as the article reminds us, readers should research the laws in the specific state

of their interest as laws differ by states. Despite its age, however, the article is useful provided

that the information contained are easy-to-understand background information.

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Support: This entry is a great material for readers to turn to when searching for general

information based on my topic. The entry is easy to read, understand, and does not require

complex nor special education or knowledge.

Print Book

Gerdes, Louis I., book editor. Drunk Driving: Contemporary Issues Companion. Greenhaven

Press, 2005.

Summary: This book contains well-organized, broad information in forms of essays on the

controversial problem, issue, and solution to drunk driving. The book contains many real life

personal stories shared by victims or family of victims of drunk driving tragedies. Throughout

the book are numerous mentioning of Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), an anti-drunk-

driving organization established in 1980. MADD has taken a big part since its foundation in

enhancing drunk driving laws, strengthening drunk driving consequences, and promoting

sobriety.

Authority: This book is composed of materials written by many different authors and

organizations. The book editor has brought different ideas together into one forum. Each of the

authors are associated with or in organizations that stand against drunk driving, such as MADD,

Students Against Destructive Decisions and Liberty Mutual Insurance Company. The publisher,

Greenhaven Press, is an imprint of Thomson Gale, a part of The Thomson Corporation.

Evaluation: This book is composed of essays written by drunk driving adversaries. All the

materials are individual opinions of each of the authors and their statements are supported with

statistical data. The book also contains personal real life stories of victims of drunk driving

fatalities. Each material begins with a brief summary and main idea of the material, and mentions

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each author’s authority. The authors’ point of views are biased, yet their positions are supported

with experiences and statistical data.

Support: This book supports my topic with many personal stories of individuals who have faced

tragic losses from drunk driving fatalities. Lives have been lost and life changing injuries and

disabilities have been sustained as the result of one drunk driver behind the wheel. The

consequences of DUI ranges from fines, penalties, jail time and probation to permanent injuries

and deaths.

eBook

Boehm, Michael C. Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Countermeasures and Safety Recommendations.

Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013. Safety and Risk in Society. eBook Collection

(EBSCOhost).

libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=nlebk&AN=667016&site=ehost-live.

Summary: This book explains in detail why driving under the influence is dangerous, how it can

be avoided and how the DUI adversaries, including law enforcement officers, government

agencies and other organizations, have contributed in an attempt to reduce alcohol related

fatalities on the road. There are many graphs and data throughout the book that depict the

increase and decrease of reported accidents. In the beginning, the book introduces one of the

deadliest alcohol related motor vehicle accident which occurred in 1988 to set an example of the

danger of driving while intoxicated.

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Authority: This book was published in 2013 by Nova Science Publisher, Inc. The book cites

facts and statistics obtain from reliable sources such as National Transportation Safety Board,

U.S. Department of Transportation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and more.

Evaluation: This book contains many information, data and statistics obtained from outside

sources and references each of them on the References page. The book is intended to warn

readers the danger of driving while intoxicated and explains how different organizations have

been contributing to reduce tragic accidents involving drunk drivers. The publisher is located in

the state of New York but the book does not discuss laws specific to its state. It rather shares

information obtained from organizations all over the United States and federal agencies.

Support: This book supports my topic because it discusses different methods to prevent traffic

accidents involving alcohol-impaired drivers. The book suggests stronger laws, improved

enforcement strategies, innovative adjudication programs, and accelerated development of new

in-vehicle alcohol detection technologies.

Academic Journals Article

Redelmeier, Donald A. and Allan S. Detsky. “Clinical Action against Drunk Driving.” PLoS

Medicine. vol. 14, issue 2. 14 Feb. 2017, pp. 1-5. EBSCOhost Academic Search

Complete, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002231.

Summary: This article provides information about different organizations currently contributing

to prevent accidents involving impaired drivers. However, the main focus is that,

notwithstanding the efforts of law enforcement officers and other advocates such as MADD

(Mothers Against Drunk Driving), medical professionals and health care providers can also

contribute to reducing harms resulting from drunk driving given that patients often take seriously

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a medical professional’s advice and tend to be more honest when discussing their drinking

problems in private.

Authority: The authors Donald A. Redelmeier and Allan S. Detsky are both associated with the

University of Toronto, Department of Medicine and individually have other background in

scholarly education. Redelmeier is associated with Evaluative Clinical Sciences Program of

Sunnybrook Research Institute; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; Division of General

Internal Medicine of Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; and Center for Leading Injury

Prevention Practice Education & Research. Detsky is associated with Institute for Health Policy

Management and Evaluation and Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network’s

Department of Medicine. The publisher PLoS Medicine is a non-profit organization based in San

Francisco, California, and periodically publishes peer-reviewed scholarly journals.

Evaluation: This article is a fairly new article published in February 14, 2017. The authors seem

to be reliable based on their educational background. The article uses recent statistic and

information and cites the origin of its sources. The authors’ suggestions as to how medical

professionals can contribute to prevent drunk driving are logical and reasonable. The graph and

data contained are from reliable and recent sources.

Support: This article supports my topic because it shows that, despite the continuing efforts from

government and non-government organizations, scholars are putting together new ideas and

suggestions to prevent drunk driving. In addition, the bar graph contained in the article depicting

alcohol-related traffic deaths shockingly reveals that the United States is the leading country with

the most alcohol-related traffic deaths followed by Canada, Australia, Spain, Italy, France,

Netherlands, Germany, United Kingdom and Austria.

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Popular Magazine

Pollack, Daniel. “Foster Children, Foster Parents, and Drunk Driving.” Policy & Practice

(19426828), vol. 75, issue 4, August 2017, pp. 30-34. EBSCOhost,

libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=aph&AN=124980680&site=ehost-live.

Summary: This article contained in the magazine Policy & Practice strongly suggests installation

and use of an interlock device in a motor vehicle for anyone who has had a DUI conviction. The

interlock device is a breathalyzer that can be installed in a motor vehicle and acts to prevent the

vehicle from starting if certain level of alcohol is detected from the driver’s breath. The article

mentions that enforcing the use of interlock device upon those previously convicted of a DUI can

reduce number of deaths resulting from traffic accidents involving drunk drivers.

Authority: Daniel Pollack is a professor at Yeshiva University’s School of Social Work in New

York City (Pollack 34).

Evaluation: This recent article from August 2017 is a short article published in the magazine

Policy & Practice. Despite its short length, it contains citations and reference notes directing the

readers to reliable sources, such as U.S. Department of Transportation, Department of Justice,

Federal Bureau of Investigation, and more. The article uses statistical data to show that number

of drunk-driving related death can be reduced by enforcing the use of interlock devices. Mainly,

the article encourages reduction of occurrences where children ride vehicle operated by an

alcohol-impair.

Support: This article supports my topic because it demonstrates another method of how drunk-

driver related death on the road can be reduced. Moreover, the content of the article should be

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supported by everyone because it focuses on the safety of children whom are innocently

imperiled.

Newspaper

Ragland, Jenifer. “Ventura County; Local Accident Spawns Tougher State Drunk-Driving Law.”

Los Angeles Times, 01 Jan. 2002, ProQuest,

search.proquest.com/docview/421678278?accountid=41101.

Summary: This newspaper article recites an incident which occurred on 1989 wherein a drunk

driver killed three men on the Ventura Freeway. By doing so, it presented a news of how anti-

drunk-driving advocates proposed new and stronger laws against those already convicted of a

DUI. The article continues with new laws taking effect to protect children riding in cars by

increasing the age and weight of children who must be strapped onto the child-safety car seats.

Authority: Los Angeles Times is a well-known and perhaps the biggest and oldest newspaper

company for the historical city of Los Angeles. The author uses statements made by an

intellectual individual during a news conference held at Ventura’s California Highway Patrol

headquarters.

Evaluation: Although the article’s purpose is to provide information about new laws taking

effect, it uses tragic events to convince people that stronger laws are required to protect the

society from drunk drivers. The information contained in this article are combination of facts,

history and experiences which ultimately rose to enforcement of stronger laws. The article is

easy to understand and based on the data provided readers can easily be convinced by why it is

important to make such change to our law.

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Support: This article supports my topic with changes in laws related to drunk driving. As we may

all know, it is not easy to change an existing law. It takes tragic events and sacrifices, including

lives, to convince higher authorities to implement a change that will impact the rest of the society

as a whole.

Website

Stim, Richard. “California Drunk Driving Fines & Penalties.” DrivingLaws published by NOLO,

Internet Brands, Inc., http://dui.drivinglaws.org/california.php. Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.

Summary: This webpage provides drunk driving laws of California, fines and penalties for first

and subsequent offenses, including jail time. The webpage is designed to provide information

only and not considered legal advice. The article also jumps briefly into a legal tactic wherein the

convicted drunk driver can plead to a lesser offense.

Authority: Nolo.com is a well-known website in the field of law. It was founded more than 40

years ago and published numerous books and articles to provide legal information for consumers

and businesses. The author of this article, Richard Stim, is a California lawyer admitted to

practice law in 1984 and is an active member of the California State Bar as to this day.

Evaluation: This article touches various aspects of California drunk driving law. It explains

drunk driving laws, fines, consequences and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level and charts.

The webpage also has links to other related articles that visitors may be interested to visit.

Another feature provided in this webpage is the BAC Calculator. The BAC Calculator is

designed to obtain an estimate of a person’s blood alcohol concentration level based on gender,

weight, number of drinks and time. Lastly, the article provides a list of changes to California

DUI laws and a link to each assembly bill pertaining to the change.

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Support: This article is a great source to turn to when searching for legal information related to

drunk driving in California. It guides the reader through what constitutes drunk driving, the

consequences of each offense, and what an offender can expect at the time of conviction and

throughout the court proceedings.

Primary Source

Gartrell, Nate and Rick Hurd. “Suspect in I-80 DUI Crash Hit with Quadruple-Murder Charges.”

East Bay Times, Bay Area News Group, 29 Nov. 2017,

eastbaytimes.com/2017/11/29/suspect-in-i-80-dui-crash-hit-with-quadruple-murder-case/.

Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.

Summary: This news article presented a tragic DUI-related accident which occurred on Saturday,

November 25, 2017. On the evening of November 25, 2017, Fred Lowe was driving on a

freeway while highly intoxicated. Lowe crashed his vehicle into another vehicle which lost

control as the result of the impact then collided into the center divider and overturned. As the

result of his conduct, four passengers lost their lives and six were injured. Lowe has a history of

DUI and is facing four charges for murder.

Authority: Bay Area News Group was founded in 2006 and is a media company based in San

Francisco Bay Area. The authors, Nate Gartrell and Rick Hurd, are journalists who covers crime.

Gartrell also covers politics and corruption, and Hurd covers breaking news and public safety.

The news was reported in CBS Sacramento.

Evaluation: This news was broadcasted by CBS Sacramento and presents a tragic story of a

college student’s loss of four family members in a DUI-related car crash. The accident occurred

very recently, on November 25, 2017. The information provided are accurate and reliable given

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that the news includes an interview of a police officer at the scene of the incident. The story is

straight forward and easy to understand.

Support: This news article supports my topic because it sets an example of why DUIs are such a

big deal in our community today and why it should be controlled. It reminds us that, whether

you’re the offender or the victim, you do not want to be on either sides of the story. The driver’s

carelessness had costed four lives and a college boy to lose his family in a blink of an eye.

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Works Cited

Boehm, Michael C. Alcohol-Impaired Driving: Countermeasures and Safety Recommendations.

Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013. Safety and Risk in Society. eBook Collection

(EBSCOhost).

libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=nlebk&AN=667016&site=ehost-live.

“Driving Under the Influence.” Gale Encyclopedia of Everyday Law, vol. 1, 2nd ed., edited by

Jeffrey Wilson, Gale, 2006, pp. 465-470. Gale Virtual Reference Library,

go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=losangeles_cc&v=2.1&id=GALE%7CC

X2588700092&it=r. Accessed 31 Oct. 2017.

Gartrell, Nate and Rick Hurd. “Suspect in I-80 DUI Crash Hit with Quadruple-Murder Charges.”

East Bay Times, Bay Area News Group, 29 Nov. 2017,

eastbaytimes.com/2017/11/29/suspect-in-i-80-dui-crash-hit-with-quadruple-murder-case/.

Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.

Gerdes, Louis I., book editor. Drunk Driving: Contemporary Issues Companion. Greenhaven

Press, 2005.

Pollack, Daniel. “Foster Children, Foster Parents, and Drunk Driving.” Policy & Practice

(19426828), vol. 75, issue 4, August 2017, pp. 30-34. EBSCOhost,

libpxy.lacitycollege.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&d

b=aph&AN=124980680&site=ehost-live.

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Ragland, Jenifer. “Ventura County; Local Accident Spawns Tougher State Drunk-Driving Law.”

Los Angeles Times, 01 Jan. 2002, ProQuest,

search.proquest.com/docview/421678278?accountid=41101.

Redelmeier, Donald A. and Allan S. Detsky. “Clinical Action against Drunk Driving.” PLoS

Medicine. vol. 14, issue 2. 14 Feb. 2017, pp. 1-5. EBSCOhost Academic Search

Complete, doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002231.

Stim, Richard. “California Drunk Driving Fines & Penalties.” DrivingLaws published by NOLO,

Internet Brands, Inc., http://dui.drivinglaws.org/california.php. Accessed 4 Dec. 2017.