paper organization

Ahmed Rahhali

Grad 695

Annotated bibliography #

Cassarino and murphy point out in their article the involvement of young and less trained drivers as a contributor to road accidents. The article shows that accidents relating to low skills in the road were a significant transport issue worldwide. Writers say that extensive evidence concerning individual and environmental factors contributing to risk while driving. They suggest a defined clear indicator of risk as well as effective interventions in the field. In their study, they point out on young drivers with fewer experience skills a crash report over the past years to provide risk and protective factors across various sectors from individual behavior to levels of training, social influences, and matters concerning road network environment.

In the article, Cassirono and Murphy adopted a perspective ecological system to discuss and identify risk indicators, especially those associated with young drivers. They make a comparison between the experienced drivers and young drivers to recognize the importance of quality training and experience in reducing car crashes. They made a collection of evidence on social and environmental factors' role in the drivers' behavior and their impacts on the number of accidents on the road. They proceeded to bring out the environmental factors that can improve the driver’s behavior to reduce the rate of crashes on the way. They both point out that driver training is a factor of concern in reducing crashes.

Finally, among the factors, they gave much concern on was the maturation of cognitive skills, that they say is crucial to safe driving. They offer interest in training involving visual scanning, hazard anticipation, and handling of vehicle distractions (Cassarino & Murphy 2018). Social influences were noted as among determinants of safety on the road for both experienced and young drivers. Growing awareness of factors intervening in all drivers, coupled up with technological advances, has dramatically reduced the number of crashes. However, further programs are required to provide maximum skills to drivers adequately.

References

Cassarino, M., & Murphy,G. (2018). Reducing young drivers’ crash risk: are we there yet? An ecological systems-based review of the last decade of research. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behavior, 56, 54-73.