Your Professional Development

1

3

Annotated Bibliography

Mariana Tsucuneli

Walden University

-EDDD 8110: The Art of Teaching Online-Annotated Bibliography Module 1

December 13, 2021

Yuan, M., Zeng, J., Wang, A., & Shang, J. (2021). Would It Be Better if Instructors Technically?

Adjust Their Image or Voice in Online Courses? Impact of the Way of Instructor Presence on Online Learning.Frontiers in Psychology, 12(September), 1-14.

http://doi.org/10.339/fpsyg.2021

This research aims to discuss the presence of the instructor in an online video course through image or voice. Social presence, learning achievement, academic emotion, and learning satisfaction get affected due to change in the voice and image of the instructor in an online environment. Infusing images and voice in the online course enhances learners’ interest in the course. Engaging learners with content require both the voice and image of the instructor because it has a huge impact on students’ learning. Two experiments are being conducted to investigate the effects of change in voice and image of the instructor. This study shows that both voice and image of the instructor are important for social presence and learning satisfaction, but it has a negative relationship with learner’s boredom. There is a need to investigate the learner’s attention too.

In this research, Yuan et al. conducted two online experiments with 215 college students. In the first experiment 122 college students were included and they were randomly assigned to learn four courses in terms of instructor’s image including virtual image, beautified image, original image, and no image. In the voice experiment, the authors randomly selected 93 college students from different universities and assigned them to learn course videos including computer-synthesized voice, muted voice, and original voice. Results of the first experiment displayed that better learning is achieved in no instructor images course. In addition to that, there was less academic boredom seen in learners as compared to those with instructor images.

However, instructor image course promotes learning satisfaction of the learners, and more student-teacher interaction was recorded as compared to others (virtual and no image). Also, when learners were evaluated, the original image was better than others. But the face-beautified instructor image was better than the original image. While in the voice experiment evaluation, real instructor voices were better as compared to the computer-synthesized voice. Moreover, this study shows that both teacher’s voice and image have a positive impact on learning satisfaction, and social presence but affects learner’s boredom.

Yuan et al. concluded that to create a strong instructor presence and to engage learners with their content, it is important that the instructor should have an image and a confident voice. In online courses, the image and voice of the instructor are the key elements. In video course design, these main elements must be considered. However, there is a need to study the learner’s attention and how much attention they are paying to the video course.