Research paper Final

Participation of the transgender people in sports

Justin Shaw

Liberty University

Arcelus, J., Bouman, W. P., & Haycraft, E. (2017). Sport and transgender people: A systematic review of the literature relating to sports participation and competitive sports policies. Sports medicine, 47(4), 701-716.

The author addresses the issue of transgender and how it has been a challenge for transgender individual taking part in sports or other professions. There is report indicating that transgender who participate in sports either for leisure of competition usually experience victimization and discrimination. The method which was used in the data collection included interview and questionnaire. Data collection focused on people who engage in sports activities. Victimization and discrimination can make the transgender people fail to be active in sports because they do not want to recognize. They would be uncomfortable and would have no peace when they start participating in sports.

Place, G., & Beggs, B. (2011). Motivation factors for participation in GLBT sports league. Journal of Homosexuality, 58(10), 1409-1420.

The article investigates factors which contribute to the transgender, Lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals to be active in the community sports. The method of data collection was mainly a survey which involved 1151 members. All the participants were from Chicago, and explanatory analysis was used in this case. Leisure motivation was one of the core factors which make transgender, gay, bisexual and lesbian people participate in sports. Social and intellectual factors also contributed to transgender people to participate in sports.

Westbrook, L., & Schilt, K. (2014). Doing gender, determining gender: Transgender people, gender panics, and the maintenance of the sex/gender/sexuality system. Gender & Society, 28(1), 32-57.

The article investigates the issue of transgender people and their participation in sports. There are moments of conflicts especially on who should be a man or woman in sports. The author addresses the issues of transgender people when it comes to participation in active and competitive sports. Some of the people suggest that birth certificates should not indicate the gender of a person to avoid the conflict over gender personalities. The method used to collect data surveys on the individual participating in sports. The transgender brings a challenge in sports because men and women are on placed in the same category as when it comes to competitive sports.

Symons, C., Sbaraglia, M., Hillier, L., & Mitchell, A. (2010). Come out to play: The sports experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Victoria.

The article shows changes which have taken place in the social attitude of the transgender, bisexual, gay and lesbians. Though these people still face abuse and discrimination, over the last decades it had reduced. The research was carried out in Australia on the transgender people as well as other people who are disadvantaged in Australia. The discrimination that occurs in the sports due to transgender translates to the attitude of the society on how they perceive the transgendered people.

The study utilized a survey method to collect data about the discrimination, victimization, and abuse of the transgendered people in sports. In the society, sports are very crucial, and any discrimination of the transgendered people would translate into their victimization in society.

Hargie, O. D., Mitchell, D. H., & Somerville, I. J. (2017). ‘People have a knack of making you feel excluded if they catch on to your difference’: Transgender experiences of exclusion in the sport. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 52(2), 223-239.

The study focuses on the exclusion which is faced by people who are transgender and how people perceive them. The research also addresses the existence of the gap of the people who are transgender and other people with their identity are known. The research was conducted in the minority group and socially excluded people who excluded in the society. The method which was utilized in this case s interview with the ten transgendered people and the challenges they face in the society. Interviewee revealed their hard life while in school when it came to transgender and how they felt that they could not fit in most of the groups. The impact of sport and social exclusion make them have a hard time in other areas such as health facilities, and their ability to engage in physical activities is constrained.

Buzuvis, E. (2012). Including transgender athletes in sex-segregated sport.

The article focuses on the issue of including transgendered athletes in sports especially in having their segregated sports. The policies of including the transgendered people should be given considerations so that they can feel to be part of the society. They are expected to have their own sports competition. The policies have received more support from both the private and public sectors so that every individual can feel to be part of the society. The method of the study utilized in this case is surveyed on how the public or private are accepting policies. The inclusion of the transgendered people in the sports would make them be accepted in the society, and other people would change attitude towards them.

Acklin, K. L. (2017). Hurdling Gender Identity Discrimination: The Implications of State Participation Policies on Transgender Youth Athletes Ability to Thrive. BCJL & Soc. Just., 37, 107.

The author addresses transgender discrimination and the policies which can be implemented to reduce the discrimination among the youths when participating in athletics. Over the past few years, the numbers of people who are transgendered have increased especially for students who are in high schools as well as primary school. The non-conforming gender behaviors make students who seek assistance to participate in athletes to be denied the opportunity. Some of the policies are being implemented to give a chance for the transgendered students to feel that they are equal to other students despite their transgender status.

Miller, P. R., Flores, A. R., Haider-Markel, D. P., Lewis, D. C., Tadlock, B. L., & Taylor, J. K. (2017). Transgender politics as body politics: effects of disgust sensitivity and authoritarianism on transgender rights attitudes. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 5(1), 4-24.

The article focuses on how transgender has become a point of politics and how politicians can influence the participation in sports of the people who are transgendered. Some of the transgender roles and how they are impacted in the society remain unaddressed by the politicians. The survey took place in American which involved adult’s people and their perception of the transgender people participating in sports. The survey showed that the stigmatization and discrimination of the transgendered people were due to social norms in the society. The results also revealed that if the politicians have a positive attitude towards transgender participation in sports, then society would have a great acceptance of the transgendered people.

Mavhandu-Mudzusi, A. H. (2014). Experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex students regarding sports participation in a South African rural-based university: health. African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 20(Issue-22), 710-720.

The author addresses how transgendered students are not able to enjoy the health benefits of the sports because of the discrimination or stigmatization. Sports lead to physical fitness, but the transgendered students are unable to get it because of the experiences in their schools. The study area was Rural Based University of South Africa, and the method which was used is explanatory descriptive. The participants involved mostly the bisexual, gay, lesbians and transgendered students. Collection of the data was done through interviews with the students. The quality of life of the transgendered students is negatively affected by the sports due to the discrimination and denied participation. The implementation of the policies of the transgender in the universities can minimize the chances of discrimination and the abuse they experience.

Travers, A. (2018). Transgender issues in sport and leisure. In The Palgrave handbook of feminism and sport, leisure and physical education (pp. 649-665). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

The article addresses the issues of leisure activities, sports, and transgender. Some of the people opt to go for medical treatment so that they can be transitioned and be able to participate in athletics actively. The changes in the policies in sports are beginning to accept the participation of the transgender to do away with discrimination that goes on in the society. The method of data collection which was used in this case is survey used understanding the policy changes which are taking place. The change of the policy if transgender participation in the learning institutions makes the transgender people enjoy their leisure time very well and without limitation. They actively participate in sports and competitions without discrimination or victimization because of the policies appreciate and allow them to do so.