history work

Menisia Parks

Annotated Bib Assignment

HIST 535

Hypothesis

Pearl harbor attacks marked one of the most defining moments in the United States and Roosevelt's presidency history. It was a time when the military might of the US was compromised through a coordinated and relentless attack from the Japanese army. America had anticipated the Japanese to launch the war, but the time and the place remained unknown. The United States prepared for the war, but they had no clues on how the Japanese would attack. Due to insufficient intelligence, the Japanese ambushed the US army leading to the loss of many American lives.

The Pearl Harbor attacks had immediate and subsequent negative and positive impacts on the US. Many researchers also say that the US could be blamed for the Japanese attacks due to reluctance to negotiate a peace deal. The Japanese reached out for talks; however, the US was reluctant to listen to Japanese terms. Therefore, the Japanese struck first to showcase their military might. The US retaliation led to World War II, which also led to various alliances from various nations worldwide. As a result of the war, the US faced various economic, social, and political changes that shaped the county. The US also lost many lives in the war and subsequent wars caused by the Pearl harbor attacks.

Findings

Loss of lives and subsequent human rights violations

The Pearl harbor attacks marked one of the times when the US lost many citizens in a day. The army anticipated an attack; however, the challenge was finding out when and how the Japanese military would raid the United States (Bahr, 2007). The intelligence community also lacked an idea of which military base the Japanese planned to attack. On December 7th, 1941, the Japanese launched an attack at 8 am. Japan sent its fighter planes to attack Pearl harbor. The aircrafts carried bombs and dropped them on the base; besides the bombs, Japan also used suicide bombers to increase the levels of damage. The Japanese damaged US ships, cruisers, training facilities; perhaps the biggest damage was the loss of lives. Two thousand four hundred people died, and many were injured in the attacks.

Due to the war, some Japanese also faced death in concentration camps due to the racial segregation in America. The Japanese were suspected of planning attacks on the US cities hence were rounded up and sent to camps (Bahr, 2007). Some were legal migrants, yet the government still violated their human rights due to the fear of another attack. Some died in the camps, while others survived in poor living conditions.

Economic impacts

At the time of the pearl harbor attacks, the US was coming out of the global depression of 1929 to 1939. Despite being in a dire economic situation, the country needed to retaliate against the attacks; this led to the need to build more battleships, hire soldiers, among other changes (Mitchell, 2009). The unemployment rate declined in the country since many joined the army to defend their country. Men moved into the navy and other military divisions, leaving a gap in the economy for labor. Women stepped up and took over the positions vacated by men, such as working in textile industries. Many who lived below the poverty line began enjoying the economic boom since the attack sped up the US recovery and economic turnaround.

The ship-building industry and military became the biggest employers in the Us. Other sectors grew eventually due to the rise in income levels and women becoming an active part of the economic development plan (Mitchell, 2009). The war also led to the development of the vehicle construction industry to provide transport means for the troops. Despite men being away in the war and other related activities, women kept the economy running, and the US never faced any economic challenges during the subsequent wars.

Social and political impacts

Before the attack, the nation was highly divided; the internal division was between the poor and the rich, with many feeling the rich caused the depression. Another source of division arose from the number of people resisting Roosevelt's decision to attack Japan or send the US army to war (Dahl, 2013). The attack revealed to many how vulnerable America had become, and many were willing to join the war to fight for their country. This led to unity since Americans had a common goal.

The attack changed the US approach to diplomacy; the US looked for allies for support against Germany. The need for allies led to establishing the relationship between the US, Soviet Union, and England (Dahl, 2013). With time, the US feared the effects of subsequent wars on the global population. The impact of such wars led to the development of organizations such as NATO. The war also damaged the political reputation of Franklin Roosevelt, who had been re-elected four times.

Bibliography

Dahl, E. J. (2013). Why won't they listen? Comparing receptivity toward intelligence at Pearl Harbor and Midway. Intelligence and National Security, 28(1), 68-90.

This article discusses some of the intelligence failures in the United States government. Before the Pearl harbor attacks, the United States intelligence had cracked the Japanese communication codes and their attack plan. However, the intelligence community underestimated the Japanese capability to attack instantly. The intelligence warned for a potential war though there was a slow response until the Japanese ambushed American troops. The article also discusses the failure of the US to negotiate and meet for peace talks with Japan. Besides the Peral harbor attacks, it also lists the effects of the intelligence failure in the other attacks, such as 9/11. It calls for the intelligence community to listen more rather than ignoring and undermining information.

This article contributes to my hypothesis by suggesting additional factors such as the impact of intelligence failure on the attacks on the Perla harbor. It supports my hypothesis that suppose the US had settled for peace and negotiations with the Japanese; we would not have witnessed the casualties such as deaths, human rights violations, and subsequent wars such as World War II. This article also states that lack of trust was the leading cause of war; the lack of trust between the two nations to settle for diplomacy led to intelligence failure and the Japanese's feeling that America would attack first; hence they crafted a plan before the Americans attacked.

Bahr, D. M. (2007). The Impact of the Attack on Pearl Harbor. In The Unquiet Nisei (pp. 35-47). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

This article discusses the success of the Japanese community in America before the Pearl harbor attacks. It states that the Japanese were the fastest growing population in California. They contributed to the local economy through their agricultural and business skills. They also owned most retail stores in the state. The attack on pearl harbor led to a social divide and racial abuse against the Japanese. It led to anti-Japanese movements in the US, and some Japanese sent to camps. It also led to stereotypes against other Asian communities in the US.

This article supports my hypothesis by furthering attention on the divide between the Japanese and American communities. It also led to the break of trust the Americans had for the Japanese. Despite the economic rise, the Californian economy faced some challenges as the Japanese closed their businesses and other economic activities. The article also adds to my points by suggesting the impacts of labor movements against the Japanese, the impacts on the economy, and the creation of stereotypes such as "Yellow peril."

Mitchell K. N (2009). The Positive Impact of Pearl Harbor on America. Retrieved from University of California Library

This article focuses on the positive effects of the pearl harbor attacks on the United States. After the attack on the US warships, the nation embarked on a ship-building adventure that led to the US having the largest warships globally. This led to the improvement of ship-building technology; today US has the largest warships and is the biggest builder of warships. The greatest benefits were the economic gain due to the number of soldiers employed in the navy, ship crew, and those in charge of construction.

This article contributes to my hypothesis by highlighting the new ways the US gained besides the economic gain. According to this article, the attack sped the rise of the US to the world superpower status. The US built the largest military with the largest recourses and the best technology. The technology led to the success in World War II that led to the World superpower status.

Bromwich, J. E. (2016, December 8). How Pearl Harbor shaped the modern world (Published 2016). Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/07/world/pearl-harbor-anniversary.html

The article discusses mainly the impact of pearl harbor on global unity, beginning with the US, Soviet Union, and England alliance. It further highlights some of the alliances present in World War II caused by the pearl harbor attacks. The article suggests that the Peral harbor led to some of the relations, such as the Japan-US relations. This is evident by the Japanese president visiting Pearl Harbor for the first time, US president; Barrack Obama visiting Hiroshima memorial grounds.

The article supports my hypothesis on the role of pearl harbor in causing the second world war. It also introduces a new concept: the rise of nuclear technology when the US decided to retaliate against the Japanese after the pearl harbor attacks. Finally, it proposes that the strong bond in business, technology, and medical exchange between Japan and US today was forged by the pearl harbor attacks and the subsequent wars.

Blevins. (2008, March 1). The shocking causes and effects of the Pearl Harbor attack. Retrieved from https://historyplex.com/pearl-harbor-attack

This article focuses on losses the US incurred due to the Pearl Harbor attacks. It discusses the military, human lives losses, and the fear of the war expanding to the United States. It led to immediate military action by the president to defend the nation. The article also discusses the impact of the war on the economy. The war led to economic recovery in all the industries, especially the military and the steel industry, which grew and boosted other industries. It partly highlights the challenges the agricultural sector faced as more people focused on joining the war, and women were left to occupy the places of men.

The article contributes to my hypotheses by supporting my argument on economic development in the United States. It also introduced a new concept, such as the impact of the war in promoting gender roles and equality. Women moved to occupy key positions occupied by men in society. They contributed to economic growth by ensuring all the sectors were running. Even after subsequent World War II, their roles continued to grow, and they were no longer doing domestic chores alone. The article also discusses the US loss due to the settlement the US had to pay for human rights abuse of the Japanese families rounded up and sent to concentration camps due to the social and racial divide.