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Elhai, J. D., Contractor, A. A., Tamburrino, M., Fine, T. H., Cohen, G., Shirley, E., ... & Galea, S. (2015). Structural relations between DSM-5 PTSD and significant depressive symptoms in military soldiers. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 373-378.Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/da.22871

The author's main idea is on the residual symptoms of prolonged exposure of post-trauma stress disorder in female veterans plus all soldiers. The research method used interviews and sampling of female veterans and soldiers who got interviewed. The research results were that the research's residual symptoms were the veterans avoiding associating with other people, had sleeping difficulties, and are easily irritated to anger. Sleep difficulties are easy to treat, and there should be additional strategies for treating post-trauma stress disorder. The limitations of the research were the number of samples used were small.

Wilk, J. E., Quartana, P. J., Clarke‐Walper, K., Kok, B. C., & Riviere, L. A. (2015). Aggression in US soldiers post-deployment: Associations with combat exposure and PTSD and the moderating role of trait anger. Aggressive behavior, 41(6), 556-565.Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ab.21595

The article's objective is to see the impact of post-trauma stress disorder on anger and aggression amongst soldiers. The method used was the sampling method and the results of the research showed that there are high incidences of traits of anger and aggression among the people who had post-trauma stress disorder. The characteristics can, therefore, help determine the extent and presence of post-trauma stress disorders in people. Limitations are that trait anger measured from a trait anger scale of STAXI and the trait anger itself impacted the reliability and validity of results.

Telch, M. J., Beevers, C. G., Rosenfield, D., Lee, H. J., Reijntjes, A., Ferrell, R. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2015). 5‐HTTLPR genotype potentiates the effects of war zone stressors on the emergence of PTSD, depressive and anxiety symptoms in soldiers deployed to Iraq. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 198-206.Retrieved from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wps.20215

The article's objectives are to find the impact of stressors brought by war when post-traumatic stress disorder emerges. The methods used include the use of assessments of the clinical interviews done to the soldiers’ results. The research showed an association between genotype 5-HTTLPR increased stressors, depression, and anxiety. The limitations include the size of sample involved, which is a limitation to finding’s stability.

Minassian, A., Maihofer, A. X., Baker, D. G., Nievergelt, C. M., Geyer, M. A., & Risbrough, V. B. (2015). Association of predeployment heart rate variability with the risk of post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder in active-duty marines. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(10), 979-986.Retrieved from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/2436276

The author researches the association between the heart rate variability between the period before deployment and after deployments with the risk of having post-traumatic stress disorders. The method used is by assessing the soldiers at the point of deployment. After six months of deployments’ findings of the research, there was a low heart rate variability in pre-deployment. There was a high heart rate variability in post-deployment of the solders. Limitations where that the ages of people were generalized.

Kizilhan, J. I., & Noll-Hussong, M. (2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder among former Islamic State child soldiers in northern Iraq. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(1), 425-429.Retrieved from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-british-journal-of-psychiatry/article/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-among-former-islamic-state-child-soldiers-in-northern-iraq/C3589ACDB2069FACDACF759E2D1CD673

The article is all about the effect of war on young soldiers. The methods used in these cases are assessments of the some of the youngest soldiers and doing a psychological interview. The results obtained have high preferences for post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and somatic disturbances. The limitations are the limited number of individuals used in the assessment.

Summary

Post-traumatic stress disorder has been found to a large degree in people who have fought in war time situations. They maintain the memories of what happened, making them have high anxiety, depression, and even getting difficulty sleeping.

Reference