fixing Annotated Bibliography essay

Mr. Sissom

EN140-02

12 November 2017

Annotated Bibliography Comment by Sissom, Matthew: For this paper, comments will be limited to the rubric posted at the end of the paper. We spent a significant amount of time working on these in class. Between our in-class discussions and the prompt/rubric, you should have a firm understanding of what is expected.

Martínez, Esther, et al. "Gender Representation in Advertising of Toys in the Christmas Period (2009-12)." ["La representación de géneroen las campañas de publicidad de juguetesenNavidades (2009-12)"]. Comunicar, vol. 21, no. 41, Oct. 2013, pp. 187-194. EBSCOhost, doi:10.3916/C41-2013-18.

As depicted in the title, this article examines the depiction of children’s gender in toy advertising on television during three different periods. The variables of this research include; Toy typologies, Gender, Values, Voiceovers, Period, Actions depicted and Interaction between characters. The article helps us to understand that there is a controversy in the representation of the sexes in toy during Christmas. The article found out that male is more frequently used in comparison to the female, which point our attention to the fact that the male voice is still considered more socially acceptable. The author also made us realize that young male prefer toys that encompassed spatial and dexterity in comparison to the female who looks for dolls and educational toys. Dewey opined that the study of gender in toy advertising should be seen as not just a market strategy but as an instrument in social education and also believed that educators and communicator should denounce those practices that serve as a fuel to social discrimination based on gender.

The article shows credibility in its source of publication which is the Scientific Journal of Media Education, the publishing house is not just a house that has no reputation but has worldwide recognition and integrity. The research was done by not just one researcher but by more than one research which gives the work a diverse opinion and combination of wealth of knowledge from the contributors.

The information I plan to draw from this work mainly borders on the interpretation of the work of these researches as well as their interpretation of the works of other articles or research works. I intend to assume the position of an agnostic so as to form my own impression of this work in the light of current trends.

Some of the ideas and information of this research work will align into my own work not as a final conclusion but as a platform to examine the current happening in the toy advertising world and also how these advertising can influence a child’s identity.

Francis, Becky. "Gender, Toys and Learning." Oxford Review of Education, vol. 36, no. 3, June 2010, pp. 325-344. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/03054981003732278.

Francis, draws on data from a small-scale study, funded by the Froebel Research Institute. The study focused on 3–5 year old children (nursery and reception class) and tries to identify their favorite toys and viewing materials and these viewing materials were subject to content and discuss analysis with. The article explores conceptual issues around categorizations of ‘education’ within toys and entertainment resources, positing the notion of ‘didactic

information’ to delineate between overtly educational content and other social discourses.

The information provided in this article is very valid and relevant to the current state of things in child educative materials. Francis is a renowned researcher who has published several works on the issues of children playing materials and moreover the Oxford Review of Education is not just an average publishing house but a very solid publishing house that publish only the best works in the research community.

For my own argument I plan to draw from the wealth of knowledge of Francis who has examine the work of many researchers, notably of these research work is the work of Francis and Skelton, Delamont, Guardian, 2005 etc. in looking at these works I intend to compare the trends that are acceptable years ago in relation to trends of these days e.g. has red always been ubiquitous for girls. In doing so this will make my research up to date and relevant to today’s happening in the world of child psychology and children education.

Hupp, Julie M., et al. "That's a Boy's Toy: Gender-Typed Knowledge in Toddlers as a Function of Mother's Marital Status." Journal of Genetic Psychology, vol. 171, no. 4, Oct-Dec2010, pp. 389-401. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/00221325.2010.500637

This study examined whether and how family structure predicts a child’s level of gender-typed knowledge (as assessed by a gender-stereotype sorting task) once the category of gender is in place (as assessed by a gender-labeling task). The author uses a variety of tools and participants that have local representation. The researchers uses Gender Labeling Test, Gender-Typed Knowledge Test, and the Androgynous Behavior Assessment were selected from an item pool based on pilot testing with undergraduates (N = 25) to determine the gender stereotype of the item. The researchers’ uses a variety of information from other researchers who have explored the complexities attached to gender typed knowledge.

The information provided here is very valid because it does not just relied on the authors knowledge but from other published researchers who has examined the concept and moreover The Journal of Genetic Psychology is a renowned psychological journal with lots of credibility and wealth of knowledge.

For my own argument I intend to paraphrase and cit some of the works highlighted in this research as well as the results of this work, for example the quote “Our findings illustrate that toddlers who are consistently able to label others as male or female differ in the extent to which they rely on gender typing when encountering new information” draws my attention to the fact that there is more to gender type knowledge than meet the eyes. This assertion by these researchers will support my view that a child’s behavior is largely dependent on nurture.

Freeman, Nancy. "Preschoolers’ Perceptions of Gender Appropriate Toys and Their Parents’ Beliefs about Genderized Behaviors: Miscommunication, Mixed Messages, or Hidden Truths?." Early Childhood Education Journal, vol. 34, no. 5, Apr. 2007, pp. 357-366. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10643-006-0123-x.

Freeman believed that young children construct understandings of gender during their preschool years. They accurately apply common gender stereotypes to toys by the time they are three and readily predict their parents’ opinions about gender-typical and cross-gender play. The research found out that children described little support for cross-gender choices, most parents’ responses indicated that they set the same standards of behavior for their sons and daughters.

The article show credibility in its publication source which is the Early Childhood Education Journal. This journal has published several works that have been useful in not just the formation of policies in the educational sector but in mental health of children. Nancy is a renown educationists with wealth of experience although is work and opinion are not going to be ‘alpha and omega’ in this research but this is does not mean findings in this research are not credible.

The information I intend to get from this research will serve as a foundation for my arguments which I intend to remind caregivers and professionals that when they interact with preschoolers in matters related to gender their behaviors accurately reflect their carefully considered values and beliefs.

Serbin, Lisa A., et al. "Gender Stereotyping in Infancy: Visual Preferences for and Knowledge of Gender-Stereotyped Toys in the Second Year." International Journal of Behavioral Development, vol. 25, no. 1, Jan. 2001, pp. 7-15. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/01650250042000078.

This article point our attention the fact that girls were able to associate the gender-stereotyped toys with girls’ and boys’ faces by 18 months of age, but boys were not. The implication of this finding is that toddler boys may have a greater interest in vehicles

which stimulate high levels of motor activity (or that move when activated by the child, or the child’s imagination) than in play materials that evoke more sedentary play.

The article show credibility in the way the experiment was conducted and the tools used in conducting the research as well as the individuals involved in this research. Serbin and co are not just toddlers in the behavioral world but they are household names that have established themselves for many years.

The information I intend to draw from this research is quite relevant to the current wave of gender equality in the world. With the growth of feminism I intend to assess the origin of certain stereotypes that have become a convention in the world.

Martin, Carol Lynn and Lisa Eisenbund. "Children's Gender-Based Reasoning about Toys." Child Development, vol. 66, no. 5, Oct. 1995, pp. 1453-1471. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/1467-8624.ep9510075273.

In this research children made gender-based inferences, Children used gender labels to guide their own preferences and their expectations for others etc. the main aim of this research is to find out the role of gender-based reasoning in cognitive theories of gender and on children's play preferences. The research came up with diverse result notably is that children made gender based preference.

The credibility of the research is seen in the way the experiment is conducted and the experience of the research coupled with the institution that approved the work.

The information I plan to take from this article consists of the recommended solution as well as the implication of the research. I plan to paraphrase the researchers recommended solution ideas, as well as include the detail that the cognitive reasoning of children in relation to toy can serve.

Carol J. Auster & Claire S. Mansbach. “The Gender Marketing of Toys: An Analysis of Color and Type of Toy on the Disney Store Website” Published online: 26 June 2012. # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012

The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which the gender marketing of toys on the Internet replicates findings of previous studies of the gendering of toys, and 2 the extent to which toys for “both boys and girls”, a previously overlooked category of toys, share characteristics, such as color and type of toy, with toys marketed for “boys only” or for “girls only”. The study found out that while Disney continues to overtly market its toys to boys or to girls, we have seen that if one examines the toys for “boys only” and the toys for “girls only” on this company’s website, some toys appeared on both lists even though these toys were not marketed overtly as “For Both Boys and Girls” or “For Children”.

The credibility of the research can be seen in the sources cited and the examination of numerous published research works by the researchers. Also the credibility of the work can be found in the sourcing of various empirical literatures that have been published.

For my own work, I plan to quotes directly from the scholars in this work to buttress my point but am still going to maintain my independence in reasoning and conclusion.