Reflecting on the writting procce

Pamela Rollins

Eng 1302

11 November 2018

Research Topic : Head Injury in the NFL

Mitsis, E. M., et al. "Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury." Translational psychiatry 4.9 (2014): pp.441-474

This resource is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the primary purpose of the text was to evaluate the relationship between sub-concussive and repetitive concussive events with traumatic brain injury among athletes, footballers, and military personnel through case studies. Moreover, the authors of this article include E M Mitsis, S Riggio, J Martin, A Aloysi, C Fernandez, G A Elder, M Sano & S Gandy. The authors are affiliated with various prominent scientific research bodies such as the Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in the United States which ensures the source credibility. Besides, the authors establish their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs a basic knowledge in neuroscience to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2014, therefore containing updated information making it more useful.

The article evaluates the relationship between sub-concussive and repetitive concussive events with traumatic brain injury among athletes, footballers, and military personnel through case studies. It holds that sub-concussive and repetitive concussive events tend to cause severe brain damage. The authors use various case studies to illustrate their point. I plan to use the resource in the background information of my research since it contains several pieces of evidence on the relationship between NFL and brain injury.

McKee, Ann C., et al. "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy After Repetitive Head Injury." Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 68, no. 7, 2009, pp. 709-735.

The resource is a journal article comprising of scientific research. Its main purpose was to analyze the chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes as a result of concussions and repetitive head damage. The authors of the journal include Ann C, McKee, Robert C. Cantu, Christopher J, Nowinski AB, E. Caroline A. Kubilus, and Robert A. Stern. Most of these authors are masters and Ph.D. holders in the area of neuropathology and neurology which enhances the credibility of the resource. Besides, the authors establish their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs a basic knowledge in neuroscience to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2009, therefore containing updated information making it more useful.

The journal analyzes the chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in athletes as a result of concussions and repetitive head damage. It explains that repetitive head injury tends to result in CET in athletes and other sportsmen. Moreover, the authors use various case studies to illustrate their point. I plan to use the resource in the background information of my research since it contains several shreds of evidence on the relationship between concussions and brain injury.

Thurman, D. J., C. M. Branche, and J. E. Sniezek. "The Epidemiology of Sports-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries in the United States: Recent Developments." The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, vol. 13, no. 2, 1998, pp. 1-8

This resource is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the primary purpose of the text was to evaluate the recent information about sports-related traumatic brain injuries in the U.S. through the utilization of several survey data. The authors of the article are David Thurman, Christine M. Branche, and Joseph E. Sniezek. Moreover, the authors are Ph.D. holders in the area of neurology which enhances the credibility of the resource. Besides, the authors establish their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 1998 and contains peer-reviewed information making it more useful.

The article looks at the recent information about sports-related traumatic brain injuries in the U.S. through the utilization of several survey data. The authors hold that the number of sports-related brain injuries is increasing in the U.S, and there is a need for an urgent preventive measure. Moreover, the authors use various information surveys to argue their point. I plan to use the resource in the background information of my research since it gives an overview of the number of affected individuals in the U.S.

Collins, Michael W., et al. "Cumulative Effects of Concussion in High School Athletes." Neurosurgery, vol. 51, no. 5, 2002, pp. 1175-1181.

This material is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the fundamental purpose of the text was to examine the impacts of concussions among athletes in high school. The authors of the article are Collins M.V, Lovell M.R, Iverson G.L, Cantu R.C, Maroon J.C, and Field M. The authors also comprise masters and Ph.D. holders in the field of neurosurgery which enhances the credibility of the source. Furthermore, the authors create their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2002, and although it might not contain current information, it will still be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Besides, the journal analyzes the various impacts of concussions among athletes in high school. I plan to use the resource to support my arguments on the impacts of brain damage on the NFL players in my research.

Didehbani, Nyaz, et al. "Depressive Symptoms and Concussions in Aging Retired NFL Players." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, vol. 28, no. 5, 2013, pp. 418-424.

This material is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the main purpose of the text was to establish the association between concussion histories with present symptoms of depression among retired NFL players. The authors of the journal include Didehbani N, Munro Cullum C, Mansinghani S, Conover H, & Hart J. The authors have masters and Ph.D. holders in the field of neuropsychology which enhances the credibility of the source. Furthermore, the authors create their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2013, therefore, containing current data that would be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Moreover, the article analyzes the association between concussion histories with present symptoms of depression among retired NFL players. The authors use several case studies to support their claims. I intend to utilize the resource to support my arguments on the impacts of brain damage on the NFL players in my research.

Giza, Christopher C., et al. "Summary of Evidence-Based Guideline Update: Evaluation and Management of Concussion in Sports: Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology." Neurology, vol. 80, no. 24, 2013, pp. 2250-2257

This source is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the main purpose of the text was to evaluate ways of managing concussions in sports. The authors of the article include Giza C.C, Kutcher J.S, Ashwal S, Barth J, Getchius T.S, Gioia G. A, and McKeag D. B. Moreover, the authors are from the Davison of Pediatric Neurology at Mattel Children’s Hospital which enhances the source credibility. Besides, the authors get their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2013, therefore, containing current data that would be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Moreover, the journal evaluates ways of managing concussions in sports. It looks at various measures to prevent concussions using evidence-based programs. I plan to use this resource in my conclusion part of the research to explain ways to avoid head injury in NFL players.

Collins, Micky, et al. "Examining Concussion Rates and Return to Play in High School Football Players Wearing Newer Helmet Technology: A Three-Year Prospective Cohort Study." Neurosurgery, vol. 58, no. 2, 2006, pp. 275-286

This material is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the main purpose of the text was to present a comparison of concussion rates and recovery times between football players with the latest helmet technology and conventional helmet. The authors include Collins M, Lovell M. R, Iverson G. L, Ide T, and Maroon J. Moreover, most of the authors are Ph.D. holders in medicine and affiliated to the University of Pittsburg Medical Centre Sports which enhances the credibility of the source. Besides, the authors get their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2006. Although it might not contain current information, it will still be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Besides, the article compares the rate of concussion and recovery times between football players with the latest helmet technology and conventional helmet. The authors argue that the latest helmet technology reduces the rate of concussions among football players. I plan to use this resource in my conclusion part of the research to explain ways to prevent head injury in NFL players.

Manley, Geoff, et al. "A Systematic Review of Potential Long-Term Effects of Sport-Related Concussion." British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 51, no. 12, 2017, pp. 969-977.

The source is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the primary purpose of the text was to analyze the possible long-term implications of sport-related concussions. The authors of the journal include Manley G, Gardner A. J, Schneider K.J, Guskiewicz K.M, Bailes J, Cantu R. C, and vořák J. Moreover, the authors are affiliated with various prominent scientific research bodies such as the Department of Neurological Surgery, Brain and Spinal Injury Center, the University of California which ensures the credibility of the source. Besides, the authors get their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2017, therefore, containing current data that would be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Besides, the article explains the various long-term effects of sport-related concussions. The authors used evidenced empirical studies to support their arguments. I intend to use this resource in my research to support my arguments about the impacts of concussions on NFL players.

Noble, James M., and Dale C. Hesdorffer. "Sport-related concussions: a review of epidemiology, challenges in diagnosis, and potential risk factors." Neuropsychology review23.4 (2013): 273-284.

The source is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the main purpose of the text was to evaluate the epidemiology of sport-related concussions as well as the diagnosis challenges and risk factors. The authors include Noble J. M and Hesdorffer D. C. Moreover, the authors are affiliated with various recognizable research bodies such as the Neurological Institute of New York which enhances the source credibility. Besides, the authors get their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Nevertheless, one needs common knowledge to understand the text since it is technical. Additionally, the source was published in 2013, therefore, containing current data that would be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Nevertheless, the journal analyzed the epidemiology of sport-related concussions as well as the diagnosis challenges and risk factors in high-risk contact sports. I plan to utilize this resource in the conclusion part of my research.

Myer, Gregory D., et al. "Rates of concussion are lower in National Football League games played at higher altitudes." journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy 44.3 (2014): 164-172.

The material is a journal article. It is a report of the scientific research, and the main aim of the text was to analyze the association between concussion rate and altitude in the NFL league. The authors of the article include Myer G. D, Smith D, Barber Foss K. D, Dicesare C. A, Kiefer A. W, Kushner A. M, and Khoury J. C. The authors are affiliated with various bodies such as the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine which improves the credibility of the material. Moreover, the authors get their authority to speak in this subject from their profession and experiences in the study area. The intended audience of the resource includes the general public with interest to understand the topic of study. Additionally, the source was published in 2014, therefore, containing current data that would be useful in supporting my arguments in the research paper.

Besides, the journal evaluated the association between concussion rate and altitude in the NFL league. The authors argued that players who play in high altitude fields tend to have low concussions compared to those playing in low altitude grounds. I plan to utilize this resource in to support my arguments in the research.

Works Cited

Collins, Michael W., et al. "Cumulative effects of concussion in high school athletes." Neurosurgery 51.5 (2002): Pp. 1175-1181.

Collins, Micky, et al. "Examining concussion rates and return to play in high school football players wearing newer helmet technology: a three-year prospective cohort study." Neurosurgery 58.2 (2006): 275-286.

Didehbani, Nyaz, et al. "Depressive symptoms and concussions in aging retired NFL players." Archives of clinical neuropsychology 28.5 (2013): 418-424.

Giza, Christopher C., et al. "Summary of evidence-based guideline update: Evaluation and management of concussion in sports Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology." Neurology 80.24 (2013): Pp. 2250-2257.

Manley, Geoff, et al. "A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion." Br J Sports Med51.12 (2017): 969-977.

McKee, Ann C., et al. "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury." Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology 68.7 (2009): 709-735.

Mitsis, E. M., et al. "Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury." Translational psychiatry 4.9 (2014): pp.441-474

Myer, Gregory D., et al. "Rates of concussion are lower in National Football League games played at higher altitudes." journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy 44.3 (2014): 164-172.

Noble, James M., and Dale C. Hesdorffer. "Sport-related concussions: a review of epidemiology, challenges in diagnosis, and potential risk factors." Neuropsychology review23.4 (2013): 273-284.

Thurman, David J., Christine M. Branche, and Joseph E. Sniezek. "The epidemiology of sports-related traumatic brain injuries in the United States: recent developments." The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation 13.2 (1998): Pp. 1-8.