HIS FINAL PROJECT

Running head: AMERICAN HISTORY 1

3

Annotated Bibliography

T’Erica Huff

3-2 Final Project Milestone Two

Southern New Hampshire University

1. Bynum, V. E. (1997). Brenda E. Stevenson. Life in Black and White: Family and Community in the Slave South. New York: Oxford University Press. The American Historical Review, 189–190.

The authors are scholars who use primary sources such as public records and diaries to describe how enslaved people, whites, and the community at large functioned. Moreover, it assesses how the institutionalization of slavery influenced society. Therefore, this journal serves as a chronicle of the works on the relationships of African-Americans. The events described in the book take place in Loudon County, Virginia. Since this material has been available for over twenty years, it is extremely valuable to interpreters in Virginia Loudon County. This scholarly work is helpful as a part of my final project in determining regional studies and understanding the relationship between black and white during the slavery period.

2. Haynes, G. E. (1914). Reviews: RUSSELL, JOHN H. The Free Negro in Virginia, 1619-1885. Pp. viii, 194. Price $1.00. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, In the ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/000271621405300151

Haynes, a professor, reviews this article written by Russel — historian. He assesses the opportunities, limitations, and circumstances that the free Americans were forced to face. The journal evaluates conditions that led to the freedom of the African-Americans. Moreover, African-Americans were allowed freedom and the examples of owners that allowed freedom of the enslaved people are also mentioned. The journal takes a critical examination of the legal and social status of the free African-Americans. The journal is valuable for interpreters and students pursuing interests in the free black African American experiences. The journal explores Virginia and finds substantial free African American population occupation.

3. Katz, J. H. (2003). White Awareness: Handbook for Anti-racism Training. University of Oklahoma Press.

The author is a Professor who publishes various articles on the issues surrounding racism. Therefore, the book delves on the topic of racism forged and sustained by the whites. The books give a new meaning to the term racism. Throughout the text, racism is described as prejudice and the whites' value on identifying and combating racism. The book fits best with the policymakers and scholars since it provides exercises for identifying racism. Furthermore, the feelings linked with racism and strategies for eliminating racism are also recognized and dealt with throughout the text. I found the valuable material for further studies on the racism subject and formulation of intervention measures.

4. Morris, R. B. (1958). The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South. By Kenneth M. Stampp. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., In the Journal of Economic History https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700088987

Morris, a historian, encourages other scholars to evaluate the origins, profitability, motives of slave owners, and harshness of the systems in place during the slavery era. Moreover, he encourages a deeper study on how enslaved African-Americans provoked the institution. Therefore, the author adopts describing particular events to aid in demonstrating the working, relationships, and behaviors of the institution of slavery across the south of the United States. An example of a specific event is the slave-owners efforts and strategies to control enslaved persons. Lastly, the book is a valuable asset for an interpreter since it provides the baseline and the inner workings of the institution of slavery. Therefore, the book serves as a fundamental source of information on the subject of slavery.

5. Simms, H. H. (1960). STANLEY M. ELKINS. Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, In the ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science https://doi.org/10.1177/000271626032900173

Simms, a researcher, evaluates the historiography of slavery up until the 1950s. Hence, the book compares the institution of slavery to that of Nazi concentration camps to illustrate the adverse effect it had on the enslaved persons. The psychology of enslaved people and their ability to resist were destroyed such that they became dependent on their masters. However, as mentioned in the book, these ideas are refuted by later scholars. However, the book contributes to a critical reexamination of the culture of enslaved people since, at that time, it received a limited view. This book is valuable for an interpreter and individuals passionate about reading as it provides diverts from the perception that slavery was an unprofitable and necessary evil. It differs from the idea that African Americans were treated exceptionally well, and their relationships with the Whites were mutually beneficial.

6. Stephens, A. T., Campbell, Jr., Edward D. C., ed. with Kym S. Rice, (1993). Before Freedom Came: African American Life in the Ante-Bellum South. In the Journal of Negro History. https://doi.org/10.2307/2717742

The author is a scholar, Stephens, who evaluates the works of Campbell. The journal provides information from primary source material on the African-American experience, most specifically on the south's pre-civil war. Consequently, the journal provides information on the factors constituting slavery, such as the practices, geographical areas, evolutions, traditions, and rural and urban experiences. This information source is beneficial for interpreters and scholars fundamentally because it is a primary source of the material. In essence, it provides graphics helpful in understanding the many of the institutions of slavery workings and the African-American life. I find the journal a valuable tool in understanding the struggles against skin color in the United States for my research.