week 3

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Research Questions Draft

Rawlings School of Divinity

CLED 770

Arnita Norman

July 17,2021

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(Quantitative Design)

ROLE OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ON EFFECTIVE SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN SEMINARY SCHOOLS IN THE U.S Introduction to the Research Problem

A servant leader are by God to be a servant first. This means being a servant leader begins with the natural feeling and desire to serve first then consciously aspire to lead. In addition, make other people the highest priority. However, it is difficult for servant leaders to administer whether those they are serving are growing as persons (Du Plessis & Nkambule, 2020). It is also a challenge for church leaders to oversee whether they are leading are becoming healthier, more autonomous, or more likely learning how to be servants themselves. Servant leaders may also experience the challenge of identifying whether their followers are benefiting in any way or they feeling deprived more and so many questions that might linger the mind of a servant leader (Greenleaf, 2007). This might be more difficult when a servant leader is serving in a different cultural setting than his or her own or when the followers are from cultural backgrounds. Cultural intelligence (CQ) can help servant leaders’ better care for, serve, and deepen relationships with those who are different from them.

Quantitative Purpose Statement

The purpose of this quantitative descriptive study will be to explain the relationship between cultural intelligence (IV) and effective servant leadership (DV), controlling for the multicultural environments for the global church using survey questionnaires for school chaplains at seminary schools in the U.S.

Research Questions

The following research questions will guide this research:

RQ1. What is the role of servant leaders’ seminary schools?

RQ2. What is the most common challenge that school chaplains in seminary schools experience?

RQ3. What is the relationship, if any, between cultural intelligence in servant leadership and effectiveness of leadership?

RQ4. How can servant leaders in seminary schools boost their cultural intelligence skills?

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ROLE OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ON EFFECTIVE SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN SEMINARY SCHOOLS IN THE U.S

(Qualitative Design)

Introduction to the Research Problem

Cultural intelligence is an important element for church leaders who administer in multicultural environments. Van Dyne, Ang, and Livermore (2010) define cultural intelligence as the ability to function effectively across various cultural contexts. Unless and until church leadership becomes intentional in developing cross-cultural relationships and partnerships, fostering diverse leadership, and elevating such leadership to platform positions, very little will change in the life of the church. Drawing on the theory of multiple loci of intelligence by Sternberg and Detterman (1986), the concept of cultural intelligence alongside the key dimensions of CQ will described in detail to understand the study area.

Qualitative Purpose Statement

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study is to explore the lived experienced of seminary school chaplains in the U.S as servant leaders and what they believe the role of cultural intelligence is and how it relates to effective leadership based on their experience. At this stage in the research, cultural intelligence will generally defined as the capability or skill to relate and work effectively and prosper in culturally diverse situations. The theory guiding this study will the multiple-loci of intelligence theory developed by Sternberg (1986) proposing four cultural intelligence dimensions.

RQ1. How do seminary school chaplains perceive the role of servant leadership?

RQ2. What are the leadership styles that seminary school chaplains apply in their leadership role?

RQ3. How do seminary chaplains perceive the concept of cultural intelligence training in their institutions?

RQ4. What difficulties do seminary school chaplains in the US face as leaders in two realms that is acting as a servant leaders and a school leader at the same time?

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ROLE OF CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE ON EFFECTIVE SERVANT LEADERSHIP IN SEMINARY SCHOOLS IN THE U.S

(Mixed-Methods Design)

Introduction to the Research Problem

With the increasing rate of diversity in the world, all kinds of people from all over the world live, work, attend school and go to church together. According to Livermore (2015), multiethnic churches should have a common culture that create by all despite the different cultural backgrounds of church members. Ephesians 2:14 encourages Christians to acknowledge that Christ has made us all walls of hostility are broken through Christ. In this case, an astute cultural intelligence can help one become an expert in understanding and engaging cultural differences, therefore, removing the pervasive socio-cultural predominance of one group over the other (Ang, Rockstuhl, & Tan, 2015). However, not all servant leaders are aware or ready to serve in a multicultural setting because of a lack of CQ knowledge or weak CQ skills.

Mixed Methods Purpose Statement

The purpose of this mixed-methods research will be to examine the nature of cultural intelligence by collecting both quantitative and qualitative data. This study will first collect data in quantitative form concerning how seminary school chaplains perceive the role of cultural intelligence for servant leaders in the U.S seminary schools. This study will then collect data in qualitative form about the role of cultural intelligence servant leaders among the participating global churches. This data will analyzed in order to understand the data at a more detailed level by using qualitative follow-up data collection to help explain quantitative results on how cultural intelligence plays a role in effective servant leadership in the global church.

RQ1. What are the roles of seminary school chaplains in effective leadership of the institutions in the U.S?

RQ2. How do seminary school chaplain leaders measure the effectiveness of their leadership?

RQ3. What does cultural intelligence help in when it comes to effective leadership?

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References

Ang, S., Rockstuhl, T., & Tan, M. L. (2015). Cultural intelligence and competencies. International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences, 2, 433-439.

Du Plessis, A. L., & Nkambule, C. M. (2020). Servant leadership as part of spiritual formation of theological students in contextualisation of 21st century theological training. HTS Theological Studies, 76(2), 1-9.

Greenleaf, R. (2007). The servant as leader. In Corporate ethics and corporate governance (pp. 79-85). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

Livermore, D., & Soon, A. N. G. (2015). Leading with cultural intelligence: The real secret to success. Amacom.

Sternberg, R.J., Detterman, D.K. (1986). What is intelligence? Contemporary viewpoints on its nature and definition. Ablex, Norwood, NJ.

Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Livermore, D. (2010). Cultural intelligence: A pathway for leading in a rapidly globalizing world. Leading across differences, 4(2), 131-138.