Annotated Webliography

Running head: BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

BIBLIOGRAPHY 7

Annotated Bibliography

HIST 125 7381 Technological Transformations

11/24/2020

Annotated Bibliography

1. Chanson, Hubert. 2000. "Hydraulics of Roman Aqueduct: Steep Chutes, Cascades and Dropshafts." ". American Jl of Archaeology, 104, no.1 (200): 47-72

The topic of this article is the hydraulics of Roman aqueducts. The thesis of this article is that the engineers in ancient Rome were at the fore front of science. The authors rely on historical data as well the data they collected from existing aqueducts.

The main point of the article is that the engineers in ancient Rome understood the principle of conservation of mass. Their expertise in hydraulic engineering can be seen in some of the aqueducts that are still standing today. The goal of the author is to study the engineering concepts that the engineers in used to construct the aqueducts and compare those concepts with what is known today and how some of the concepts in ancient Rome can be useful today. There are no clear biases in the text.

The article is very helpful for my research on ancient technology because it explains the engineering concepts used to construct the aqueducts. The strength of the study is that it provides detailed explanations about the engineering concepts used in ancient Rome and compares them with modern engineering concepts. The limitations of the article is the lack of historical evidence to prove that the scientists understood the concept of conservation of mass. The article helped me understand the topic more because it added additional information to support the other articles. This article explained the scientific concepts used to construct the aqueducts as well as more images of the aqueducts.

2. Dembskey, Evan James. "The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome" Master’s thesis., University

Of South Africa, 2009.

The topic of this article is Aqueducts of ancient Rome. The thesis of the author is that the Roman aqueducts played a key role in the development of ancient Rome. The author collects date about the aqueducts by relying on several historical records and maps about the Roman aqueducts. This article fall under the category of historical studies.

The main points of the article is that ancient Rome had many aqueducts which were constructed using ingenuity that was ahead of its time. The goal of the author is to study the main aqueducts that fed Rome. His focus is on how the aqueducts were constructed, the material used to make them, the skills required to make the aqueducts, and the factors that led to the construction of the aqueducts. The author is objective and there are no clear biases in the text. The strengths of the study us that it provides detailed information about the Roman aqueducts including maps. There are no significant deficiencies in this article.

The article was very informative and it helped me learn and understand the topic of Roman aqueducts further because it provides all the relevant information. The article provides information such as the names of different aqueducts, the factors that led to their construction, and how they worked. The article reinforces information provided by the other articles by providing detailed information about specific aqueducts. It also supports the other articles by explaining the skills required to make them and their significance to the Roman society.

3. Deming, David. 2019. "The Aqueducts and Water Supply of Ancient Rome". Groundwater 58, no 1 (2019): 152-161. doi:10.1111/gwat.12958.

The topic of this article is the aqueducts and water supply of ancient Rome. The thesis of this article is that the aqueducts in Rome are examples of earliest exploitation of groundwater to sustain human civilization. The author relies on existing historical evidence from historical documents. The main points of the article is how the people of ancient Rome exploited underground water by constructing aqueducts. The author also examines how the people of ancient Rome created sophisticated water supply systems using limited resources.

The goal of the author is study how the aqueducts and the water supply systems in ancient Rome were constructed. There is no clear bias in the article because the author relies on credible sources of information and he does not provide his own opinions. Additionally, the text was very useful for my research on ancient technologies because it provides information about one of the technologies that was crucial for human survival at the time. The strengths of the study is that it uses a wide range of credible sources and images. There are no significant limitations in this article. Apart from being useful in my research, the article also helped understand the topic better by providing information about the water supply systems that distributed water in different parts of the city. Additionally, the article supports the other sources of information by focusing on the water distribution systems that originated from the aqueducts. This information provides more information to support the other articles which talk about how the aqueducts were constructed, their significance to society, and the engineering concepts used to construct them.

4. Taylor, Rabun. 2012. "How A Roman Aqueduct Works - Archaeology Magazine Archive". Archaeological Institute of America, April 2012, 65. https://archive.archaeology.org/1203/features/how_a_roman_aqueduct_works.html

The author talks about how the Roman aqueducts work. The author’s thesis is that the aqueducts work by tapping water from the sources. The author relies on historical records to collect data about how the aqueducts looked like and how they worked. This scientific work by the author focuses on the mechanics of the Roman aqueducts. It examines the nature of the aqueducts and explains the physics used to tap water and retain the water even during the dry periods. The main points in the work is that the aqueducts were man made streams which conducted water downhill from the main source of water to the desired destination. The aqueducts were constructed by at points where the water came from the ground or just below these points and connected them with small feeds. The water then entered the conduits for the aqueducts because they were flowing into the springhouse from uphill. The aim of the author is to explain how the aqueducts work and how they were constructed. The author is not biased because he does not give his personal opinion. He relies on information about the nature of the aqueducts and how they worked.

The source is useful for my investigation because it what the aqueducts were and how they worked. This information is important because it helps me to understand the physical attributes of the aqueducts. The strengths of the source is that it provides images showing how the aqueducts looked like. However the source contains limited information because it is short. The information contained in the article supports information from the other sources.

5. Wilson, Andrew. "Water, Power and Culture in the Roman and Byzantine Worlds: An Introduction". Water History 4, no. 1(2012): 1-9. doi:10.1007/s12685-012-0050-2.

The topic of the author is Water, Power and Culture in the Roman and Byzantine Worlds. The thesis if the author is that Roman aqueducts played a key role in the social and political affairs of Rome and Byzantine. This study falls under the category of social science because the author relies on information from several historical records. The author draws historical evidence search as articles about the Roman Empire and Byzantine.

The main point of the author is that the Roman aqueducts played a key rile in the development of communities in Rome and Byzantine. The aqueducts were used for irrigation and decorations by making fountains. The goal of the author is to inform history students about the role of the Roman aqueducts in the development of the cultures both socially, economically, and politically in Rome and Byzantine. The author relies on historical evidence to avoid biases.

The text is useful for my research because it informs me about the impacts of the aqueducts in ancient societies. The strengths of the text is that it relies on historical evidence. The limitations of the text is lack if a detailed explanation of how the aqueducts were constructed. The article increased my understanding of the Roman aqueducts because it helped me learn how they benefitted the societies of that time. Additionally, this article provides more information about the aqueducts and it supports the first article which explains how the aqueducts were constructed and how they worked.

Reference list

Chanson, Hubert. 2000. "Hydraulics of Roman Aqueduct: Steep Chutes, Cascades and Dropshafts." ". American Jl of Archaeology, 104, no.1 (200): 47-72.

Dembskey, Evan James. "The Aqueducts of Ancient Rome" Master’s thesis., University Of South Africa, 2009.

Deming, David. 2019. "The Aqueducts and Water Supply of Ancient Rome". Groundwater 58, no 1 (2019): 152-161. doi:10.1111/gwat.12958.

Taylor, Rabun. 2012. "How A Roman Aqueduct Works - Archaeology Magazine Archive". Archaeological Institute of America, April 2012, 65. https://archive.archaeology.org/1203/features/how_a_roman_aqueduct_works.html.

Wilson, Andrew. "Water, Power and Culture in the Roman and Byzantine Worlds: An Introduction". Water History 4, no. 1(2012): 1-9. doi:10.1007/s12685-012-0050-2.