2000 words (Due in 18 hours)
budsimpson
annotated.bib.2000.1.docx
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Thank you, Please see embedded comments below in your synthesis paper. I want to make sure you are on track to do well on the paper. Below are some important points to help ensure your paper meets the requirements. PLEASE CAREFULLY READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS:
A. Make sure you read the instructions for the synthesis paper (for weeks 4 & 7) AND the rubric that will be used to grade it, very carefully. Note from the instructions that the two main components of the content of your paper should be:
1. A statement of common themes addressed in each of the three articles.
2. A statement of the conclusions that can be drawn when the articles are taken together as a single entity. What is the overall message you want to convey about the group of articles within your theme discussions?
YOU SHOULD IDENTIFY 3 THEMES COMMON ACROSS ALL 3 ARTICLES. Identify what the theme is and then discuss what each article contributes on that theme. In your paper you should include a synthesis of the common themes you identified. In your paper you should include the two additional articles you found as supporting research.
This is the note I provide to students in RES 811. I have included some help at the end of this message that explain synthesis if you are unfamiliar with it. Basically synthesis is combining. It is like combining two elements to form a compound in chemistry. Two components combine/react to form something entirely new. You will consider the themes together and come up with an overall statement of conclusions on what you think the overall message is. A SYNTHESIS IS NOT SIMPLY SUMMARIZING OR RECAPPING INFORMATION FROM THE ARTICLES OR RESTATING THEMES.
B. Make sure you follow all APA formatting guidelines, and that your paper is ORGANIZED correctly. Specifically, your paper must have the following:
1. A TITLE PAGE, correctly formatted
2. An INTRODUCTION. DO NOT put “INTRODUCTION” as a heading of your introduction. Instead put the title of your paper, centered, and not bolded or underlined. Following a brief introduction to the paper to provide context and to hook the reader, introduce the articles information being analyzed. Include the author(s) and year of publication for each article. (DO NOT use the actual title of the articles. Identify by author and publication year) Also, be sure your introduction includes a CLEARLY STATED PURPOSE AND THESIS STATEMENT. Below is a good example of a template you could follow:
“The purpose of this paper is to analyze, compare, and synthesize themes from three articles examining … (fill in with your own words here). A synthesis of common themes identified in the analysis suggests that … (fill in with your thesis statement here)….”
3. SECTIONS. I recommend including a separate section for each common theme you identify. Each section should have a centered and bolded section heading. The section heading can just be the name of the theme that the section is about. So let's say your first theme/section is Emotional Intelligence. The section would discuss your key ideas about this theme (be sure to properly cite the articles as you discuss the information you get from them). Remember to write in your own words or paraphrase, NO Direct Quotes. Remember to include a synthesis in your paper. This is where you discuss the articles/themes taken together as a single entity, and what you determine the overall message to be. REMEMBER, A SYNTHESIS IS NOT SUMMARIZING INFORMATION FROM THE ARTICLES OR THE AUTHORS THOUGHTS. Write about the topic focusing on how these themes support your thesis about leadership style. Do not focus on or write directly about the articles or authors thoughts, findings, sample, data collection, etc. You want to focus on paraphrasing (summary) writing about what you just read. Write about leadership style and the three themes in your own words using the articles as support for your assertions.
4. CONCLUSION section. This is where you will very briefly recap all the major points you made in your paper. The conclusion needs to make the paper come full circle. Think of it as a mini condensed version of the paper, hitting major points and showing that the purpose/thesis, stated in the introduction, has been accomplished. Reaffirm the conclusion you have come to base on the analysis/synthesis you did. Include future recommendations. I would begin by looking at some of the limitations and generate your recommendations from there. Use citation in the conclusion to make a strong connection to the research discussed in the paper.
5. REFERENCES & CITATIONS. Make sure your paper is properly supported throughout with citations of sources (in this case the sources are the 3 articles being examined and the two supporting articles you found) for the information you provide, and the points your make. There should be a reference for every source cited in your paper. Make sure your in-text citations, references, and the references page are correctly formatted according to APA guidelines.
The last thing I want you to focus on is writing mechanics (sentence structure, grammar, etc..).This especially is something a tutor could help with (along with APA formatting) if necessary. Please proofread, and if you can, get someone else to proofread your paper as well.
Also, please take a look at, and familiarize yourself with, the rubric that will be used to grade your weeks 4 & 7 Synthesis paper so you can keep those elements in mind as you compose your paper.
Here are a few resources on SYNTHESISIZING that you may find helpful:
Also, please take a look at, and familiarize yourself with, the rubric that will be used to grade your weeks 4 & 7 Synthesis paper so you can keep those elements in mind as you compose your paper.
I hope that helps. See more comments below .
*****Note Looking Ahead: Week 5 and week 7 paper require different assignment details relating to the article selections for the annotated bibliography section for finding common themes (2 course materials articles and one found on your own). You still need two additional articles, found on your own, for the week 5 outline and to support your week 7 paper. Total 5 articles. The week 4 synthesis paper is discussing themes relating to Leadership Styles and Week 5 & 7 synthesis paper you are identifying themes relating to Leadership Behaviors and discussing the results of these behaviors.
Annotated Bibliography: Leadership Style
March 28, 2018
ANTONAKIS, J., FENLEY, M., & LIECHTI, S. (2011). Can Charisma Be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions. Academy Of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 374-396. Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-25555-001&site=eds-live&scope=site Comment by Renee Winter: References need to be formatted appropriately with necessary information. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/07/ Basic Form APA style dictates that authors are named last name followed by initials; publication year goes between parentheses, followed by a period. The title of the article is in sentence-case, meaning only the first word and proper nouns in the title are capitalized. The periodical title is run in title case. The title is followed by the volume number and issue number which is italicized. If a DOI has been assigned to the article that you are using, you should include this after the page numbers for the article. If no DOI has been assigned and you are accessing the periodical online, use the URL of the website from which you are retrieving the periodical. Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), pages. http://dx.doi.org/xx.xxx/yyyyy
The Can Charisma Be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions. Academy of Management Learning & Education article answered the question “Can Charisma Be Taught?”. This study was done by thoroughly getting an understanding of charisma and being able to properly identify those who were born with this trait and those who feel they developed it over time. Not only that, but analyzing the characteristics of a leader that is charismatic. There were two different studies by Antonakis, Fenley and Liechti that took place three months apart. In order to gather this information to draw a conclusion, 34 mid-level managers were “self-selected” from a large company in Switzerland. The second experiment used the population of 45 Master of Business Administration (MBA) scholars presenting speeches. The participants in study one was distributed into two different groups, controlled and experimental. While, the second study taught these scholars how to be more charismatic and how to implement it within their presentation of their speeches. After they learned, they were able to give the speech again utilizing the tools and techniques that were taught. The conclusion that was drawn from the two studies is that you do not have to be born with charisma because it can be taught over time. When you have leaders that exude this characteristics and critique you so that you can then exercise those techniques, that is considered being taught. Something that really stood out to me in the article is “For instance, what makes a leader seem powerful and confident? Given the haziness surrounding some of these questionnaire measures, it is no wonder that some have suggested that charisma is an “illusionary . . . U.F.O. phenomenon,” a “black hole,” and a “social delusion” that is not measurable (Gemmill & Oak- ley, 1992: 119).” Comment by Renee Winter: Use author names and publication year, instead of article 1 or article 2, or article titles, consistently throughout your paper to provide the reader with guidance and clarity. https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/3/ This is especially the case when we are presenting specific information e.g. research questions, sample, outcomes etc. from multiple sources. Imagine discussing 5, 10, 15 articles at once in a paper and referring to each by number. Further, situating the authors firmly within sentences and throughout your discussion addresses academic integrity.
Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V., & Hickmann, M. (2012). Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance. The Leadership Quarterly,23(3),443-455. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.10.003 Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1048984311001615
The Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance article touched on the importance of being an effective leader with certain characteristics that draw people to you. The style of leadership that the authors are comparing the traits to is the transformational style of leadership. Transformational leaders are ones that others look up to for guidance, advice, as mentor’s due to the charisma that they have about themselves. Therefore, the study that was conducted by Cavazotte, Moreno and Hickman in 2012 explores the effects that the qualities have on the leadership in which they gathered information from 134 mid-level managers as well. This study used a company in Brazil that is very large in number. They did some observations and came to the conclusion that there are both negative and positive effects on the effectiveness of leadership. From the study, I picked up on that the greater the personality, the greater the effectiveness. The effect of intelligence on transformation leadership are great in number because those who have some intellectual capability of making a difference are more effective. Those who are intelligent are not always necessarily emotionally intelligent because there are different levels to intelligence in which some do not have a sense of feeling or regards due to being smart in only certain areas. However, each individual is different. Comment by Renee Winter: At the doctoral level we use third person narrative. We do not use “I, we, she, he” words; no first or second person writing. We are objective and direct writing in our own words or paraphrasing. We write without describing the authors thoughts, opinions, beliefs, feelings, experiences; instead providing an objective, unbiased point of view. We do not use analogies, examples, experiences, or quotes. Please view tutorials and youtube videos on third person narrative to strengthen your synthesis writing.
Spector, P. (2014). Introduction: The problems and promise of contemporary leadership theories. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(5), 597. doi:10.1002/job.1930 Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-25555-001&site=eds-live&scope=site
The Introduction: The problems and promise of contemporary leadership theories. Journal of Organizational Behavior article discuss how there have been several different leadership theories that have come about over the years and how they seem to always evolve with new values and missions. With every leader, comes a group of followers that look up to this leader as motivation and thinks so highly of this individual. The problems come when morals are being put to the test due to personal beliefs as new leadership theories arise. The study that was conducted was between two separate group of leaders that have different ways of looking at the effectiveness of the new theories and what they really mean. After research was conducted, there were scholars that decided to question the motive and ideas that come along with the theories. The conclusion that was drawn is that people have a one-track mind and think that there is only one has to lead, in which is contemporary thinking because they stick to what they know and what they are used to. There is no one set way of being an effective leader as there are several different theories and practices, while more are still arising. Comment by Renee Winter: The word count for the summaries was a minimum of 250 words. Comment by Renee Winter: There should have been an outline included with this assignment. The outline provides the foundation for the upcoming synthesis paper. The outline identifies the themes and helps begin the synthesis discussion for each theme identified. This was part of the assignment details and the rubric requirements for this assignment. I also, provided many resources about the outline and identifying themes related to leadership style. It is important that you use the resources provided to assist in your success as a doctoral learner. Note: The main topic for week 2 and week 4 synthesis paper is Leadership Styles related to a leadership theory. Identify leadership styles and the influence on followers. You are not discussing leadership behaviors. Theories nor leadership style are a theme rather the main topic. Comment by Renee Winter: You were to include two additional articles outside of the course materials to support your outline. Therefore, you should have three articles to support the common themes identified and two supporting articles to support the theme synthesis discussion.
References:
ANTONAKIS, J., FENLEY, M., & LIECHTI, S. (2011). Can Charisma Be Taught? Tests of Two Interventions. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 10(3), 374-396. Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-25555-001&site=eds-live&scope=site
Cavazotte, F., Moreno, V., & Hickmann, M. (2012). Effects of leader intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on transformational leadership and managerial performance. The Leadership Quarterly,23(3),443-455. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.10.003 Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S1048984311001615
Spector, P. (2014). Introduction: The problems and promise of contemporary leadership theories. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(5), 597. doi:10.1002/job.1930 Retrieved from: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2014-25555-001&site=eds-live&scope=site
