Hisw2Dis
Primary & Secondary sources
Primary source – Anything that is from an ancient contemporary context – a primary source on ancient Egypt must have been produced in ancient Egypt .
Archaeology
Art
Written stuff
Administrative documents
Narrative histories
Secondary Source – Anything written about ancient times by people after that time.
Later writings from other historians
Modern scholarship
1
What is a scholarly resource
Websites, blogs, documentaries, novels, popular history, and such are not acceptable sources when writing a research paper.
Scholarly material is peer reviewed
- Peer review is where a panel of scholars check your research to make sure it is credible.
Almost anything you find in an academic library is a scholarly resource.
- Logic, then, would dictate you should make use of these resources and facilities
A scholarly monograph is a piece of research where an expert makes an argument about a specific topic.
2
The use of primary sources & scholarly works
The key to using primary & scholarly texts is actually to find & read them
After reading a bit – formulate an idea
Transform the idea into a thesis – a clear statement of argument
Make the thesis statement – support the thesis with specific claims
Use recent scholarly work to support the thesis – John Smith also thinks what I think about World War II - this gives credibility to your work.
Prove your thesis by using Primary sources - this means marshaling evidence to support your case – persuading others you are correct.
Ideal Thesis statement: “Based on overwhelming allied reports from the 7th army, testimonies from the Nuremburg trials, and the later writings of Nazi officers, Nazi Germany was entirely the creation of Adolf Hitler and not the German intelligentsia. Therefore this essay argues that most of Germany was swept up in the wake of Hitler’s charisma and great efforts of a few devoted followers, and not largely to blame for the destruction of WW II.”
3
Be realistic about your topic theme
You do not have the time, space, or expertise to write an entire history of Egypt
Choose two or three key primary sources for your work
Craft a well argued essay over a single theme over a short period of time.
I am always here to assist you in cutting the topic down to size.
4
Climate Change & Environmental History
5
Beaker People
3,000 – 1,500 BC
Monoliths
The settlement of Europe
900 – 250 BC
7
The Celts & Hallstatt Culture
8
The Celts Question of civilization Britain, Spain, and Central European migrations
9
Celtic tribes A question of sources Herodotus & rome
10
Celtic society
Rural composition
Warlike
Migratory
Pastoralists
Iron Age specialization
11
Celtic Myth & Legend
tain bo cuailngetain – “The Cattle Raid of Cooley”
- A War started over a bull
Myth tell us the values, lifestyle, & what a culture thinks is important.
12
Celtic Spirituality
Pantheism
Triple face
Sacred nature
Dualistic concept of soul
Human sacrifice
Samhain - holiday
13
Celtic druids
Priestly & Scholarly class of Celtic society
Oral learning – writing made the mind weak
20 years to become a senior druidic scholar
Intellectual leaders of Celtic society
Unique to Britain & Ireland
14
Celtic decline: Conquest & assimilation
15
The end
16