children vaccicains

Ms. Kramer

ENG 132.020

10 April 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Zimlich, Rachael. "How many kids are still completely unvaccinated? Rising rate of young children who receive no vaccines at all worries CDC." Contemporary Pediatrics, Jan. 2019, p. 42. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/. Accessed 10 Apr. 2019.

Entry 1

In her article Rachael Zimlich, a registered nurse and writer, brings attention to the problem that America is facing with the lack of children vaccinations. This article is a fact base unbiased interpretation of children not being vaccinated. Zimlich begins by telling the readers the number of unvaccinated children has quadrupled in the last few years. The children that haven’t been vaccinated under the age of 2 is starting to concern officials. She gives several different factual statics about vaccinations keeping it mostly based on facts. She continues giving stats from The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This also adds to her creditability because they are the ones who have to keep taps on the vaccinated population. She continues, bringing up that the coverage for children vaccinations and how the number is constantly dropping. She remains unbiased keeping the whole article focused on keeping people informed on vaccinations.

This source will help better my understanding in the issue of children not being vaccinated in America. Since Zimlich has a medical degree, she has credibility which will help me gang situated ethos. I will use this source for the statics mostly, which will give me more to elaborate on in my essay

“Branam says the report is a reminder to pediatricians to continually educate parents and share resources for vaccination with them, and the CDC offers educational materials to help.”

“Vaccine coverage was generally lower for most recommended vaccines among children who are uninsured or uninsured by Medicaid when compared with children with private health insurance”

Entry 2

Rowcliffe, Meghan. "Let's all stop making medication errors in kids: Physicians, parents/caregivers, and school personnel must ensure that children are not harmed by medication mistakes in the provider's office, at home, or at school." Contemporary Pediatrics, Aug. 2018, p. 6+. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A559210144/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=a6531a18. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

In her article Meghan Rowcliffe, A Pediatric Medication Safety Officer at Johns Hopkins Hospital, is arguing that we need to pay closer attention to medication for children. She starts off naming a couple of mistakes that happens within the medical field concerning children medication and vaccinations. She goes on to mention that a lot of vaccination errors comes from similar vaccinations names compared to generic names. She shifts her focus to prescription drugs saying that it’s sometimes hard to receive a child’s medication records, but it is necessary to make sure that a child is not taking something they don’t need or that conflicts with other drugs the child may be taking. Rowcliffe continues bringing up the safety that is needed for the delivery of prescription drugs in schools. She believes that drug administration should be avoid at all cost, but when its necessary a school nurse should be the one to keep up with the medications. She also mentions that this is not always an available option considering not all schools have a nurse due to low school budgets.

I plan on using this source to find extra information about vaccinations being misused and the affects it has on children. This source will also help better my understanding on mistakes within the health care system especially when it comes to children. It also contains some helpful stats that will help strengthen my essay overall.

“Vaccine administration errors also can be mitigated with improved vaccine storage and staff education and training.”

“Obtaining an accurate patient history is time consuming, but eliciting help from a nurse or, ideally, a pharmacist can help ensure that the list reflects what children are prescribed and, more importantly, actually taking at home.”

Entry 3

Klifa, Roman, et al. "Influenza vaccination among children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: an investigation of practices." BMC Nephrology, vol. 20, no. 1, 2019. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A575929514/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=7b313a0b. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

In the article "Influenza vaccination among children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: an investigation of practices." All the authors have a background in research of medicine which make them credible This article focusses on specific vaccinations for certain diseases in children. It starts off explaining what Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is and how many children it affects each year. The authors continue explaining how INS is contracted with children that are unvaccinated. They also mention how in “healthy children” sever cases of INS is not common. They also mention the side effects that are associated with INS and how it can lead to pneumonia especially in young children. They go on to say it is recommended to get children vaccinated to help prevent INS. They shift their focus on the investigation they did on children with INS. They followed the children for at least 3 months gathering information about the disease.

I plan on using this source to gather information to help my argument of the importance of getting children vaccinated. This source will also strengthen my knowledge of how bad things can get for children with parents that choose not to vaccinate them. It will also give me more background information about Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS)

“Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) is the most prevalent glomerular disease in children with an incidence ranging from 1 to 4/100.000 children/year [1].”

“France in which the proportion of patients under 15 years of age was 42%, the highest rate since 2011 [6].”

Entry 4

Yang, Li, et al. "Vaccination Status of Children With Epilepsy or Cerebral Palsy in Hunan Rural Area and a Relative KAP Survey of Vaccinators." Frontiers in Pediatrics, 2019. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A580174234/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=b6b9c9e5. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

In the article "Vaccination Status of Children With Epilepsy or Cerebral Palsy in Hunan Rural Area and a Relative KAP Survey of Vaccinators" each author has a background in Pediatrics and most of them are educators at Central South University. This article focusses on children with Epilepsy and Cerebral Palsy that haven’t been vaccinated in China. It starts by giving background information on vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and how they have reduced but it still a concern especially in children with Epilepsy (EP) and Cerebral Palsy (CP). They go on to talk about the concern parent have with children with EP and CP and vaccinating them. They continue mentioning that the vaccinations to prevent diseases can be expensive in China. They go on to explain the research they conducted with children and vaccination they had or didn’t have. The results showed that most of the diseases that were reported were with children without vaccinations.

I plan on using this source to have more examples of disease related to not vaccinating children. This source will also expand my knowledge on children that are not being vaccinated in a different country. That will help with my argument by giving me different angles on the vaccination epidemic.

“In China, this phenomenon has become particularly severe in the context of children with central nervous system disease.”

“Parents are often concerned that vaccination of their children may cause complications due to negative recommendations from vaccinators, resulting in a decline in vaccination. It is therefore is essential to investigate the vaccination status of these specific populations, and the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of vaccinators.”

Entry 5

Norman, Daniel A., et al. "Caregiver's attitudes, beliefs, and experiences for influenza vaccination in Australian children with medical comorbidities." Vaccine, vol. 37, no. 16, 2019, p. 2244. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A579999718/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=aa109668. Accessed 16 Apr. 2019.

In the article “Caregiver’s attitudes, beliefs, and experience for influenza vaccination in Australian children with medical comorbidities” Each author has background in children medical research which makes them credible This article focuses on children vaccinations in Australia specifically the influenza vaccination. It starts by giving information about the influenza disease and vaccination in in the country Australia. It goes on to mention that most children vaccinations are funded for some of the children in Australia. The authors of this article conducted a survey with caregivers of children with medical comorbidities. The results found that parents that worried about the side effects of the vaccinations were more likely not to vaccinate their children. It also found that the parents who believed that the Influenza vaccination to be fifty percent or more affective have gotten their children vaccinated. They conclude mentioning that Reported influenza vaccination coverage in children with medical comorbidities remains inadequate

I plan on using this article to get a different country’s perspective on children without vaccination. I will also get their stats on vaccinations and compare them to the ones in the United States. This article will also help build my understanding on how major the vaccination crises is in Australia.

“Whilst only 29.3% of caregivers reported their child had been recommended influenza vaccination during a previous admission, 80.1% of caregivers stated they were receptive to their child receiving potential future influenza vaccinations during hospitalizations.”

“Caregiver reported 2017 influenza vaccine coverage was 52.2% in children with medical comorbidities.”

Entry 6

O'Connor, Bernadette, and Sarah Doyle. "Identifying risk factors associated with acquiring measles in an outbreak among age-appropriately vaccinated school children: a cohort analysis." Irish Journal of Medical Sciences, vol. 188, no. 1, 2019, p. 193+. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A573258535/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=bd76c4a6. Accessed 17 Apr. 2019.

In the article “Identifying risk factors associated with acquiring measles in an outbreak among age- appropriately vaccinated school children: a cohort analysis” both Bernadette O’Connor and Sarah Doyle have a background in medicine and have written several other scholarly articles. This source focuses on measles outbreaks and the affects vaccines have with the outbreaks. They start the article by giving background information on measles. They follow with the purpose of their study and then jumps right into their research. They used ninety five students aged 4-5 in their study. They used the vaccination medical records of the ninety five students and compared results with students who have had vaccines and those who haven’t had them. The results showed that 13 of the ninety five contracted the measles even though they were vaccinated. They conclude saying that it is unknown of why the outbreak was so sever within the ninety five students.

I plan on using this source to get more information on the measles side of vaccinations and use it to help support my argument. This article will also build on my knowledge of measles and how vaccines can help prevent it. It will also help by giving me stats on measles and it’s vaccination in young children.

“Although a concurrent investigation into cold chain and vaccine stock management did not identify a cause for the high relative risk of measles in children vaccinated, recommendations were made for improving cold chain and vaccine stock management in General Practices.”

“Analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences in the relative risk of developing measles according to the class a child was in, and the General Practice at which they were vaccinated.”

Entry 7

Joyce, Carole. "Steps to success: getting children vaccinated on time." Pediatric Nursing, Nov.-Dec. 2007, p. 491+. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A173100119/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=d4183e8b. Accessed 17 Apr. 2019.

In her article Carole Joyce, A registered nurse, has a background in the medical field including administering vaccinations. This article starts by giving background information on the good vaccinations have been proven to do in preventing diseases. She continues mentioning the role nurses play when it comes to vaccinations. She shifts her focus mentioning the measles out break back in 1991 and how not being vaccinated takes all the protections from contacting it away. In addition to that she states that vaccinations should not be administered based on the requirements of the school but by the vaccines should be administered at the intervals recommended by the Advisory Committee. She continues saying that vaccines should be combined to make it less stressful for parents and helps with the delay of vaccines that may accrue if done individually. She concludes her article saying that only 26 percent of children receive all of their vaccinations on time.

I plan on using this source mostly just for information on the issue itself. This article includes lots of information coming from a nurse about vaccines and will be very helpful when looking for information on my topic. This article will also expand my knowledge on the whole issue of vaccinations which will help me have a better paper all the way around.

“Only 26% of children in the United States receive all vaccinations at the recommended times (or acceptably early), putting children at risk for diseases that easily could have been prevented. Keeping updated on methods that increase the likelihood that children will be vaccinated on time increases pediatric nurses' ability to help ensure that children are protected.”

“The importance of vaccination registries are realized when one considers that registries have been shown to increase the rate of up-to-date vaccination by 50% for children aged 24 months”

Entry 8

Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, et al. "Prevalence and correlates of never vaccinated Nigerian children, aged 1--5 years." Vaccine, vol. 36, no. 46, 2018, p. 6953. Health Reference Center Academic, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A560112268/HRCA?u=txshracd2557&sid=HRCA&xid=46c26235. Accessed 17 Apr. 2019.

In the article “Prevalence and correlates of never vaccinated Nigerian children, aged 1-5” each author has a background in the medical field and some even have background in cancer research which makes them credible. This article is mainly focused on children in Nigeria that have never been vaccinated. It starts by giving background information on those children and their families. They go on to mention that the coverage for childhood vaccines are not very high in Nigeria. The authors continues giving details of their research that they have conducted. The children that were involved in this study were 12-59 months old. It was found that most of the kids that haven’t been vaccinated in Nigeria come from poor families and have parents who are not educated. They conclude by saying that more research is needed to completely understand the reasons that contribute to the children that never been vaccinated in Nigeria.

I plan on using this source to help me better understand the lack of vaccinations in Nigeria. By understanding the crises in Nigeria, I will be able to have a better outlook on the crises in a different part of the world which will make my paper stronger. This source will also build on my knowledge of how the children are affected by lack of vaccines in Nigeria.

“A unique population of Nigerian children, aged 1--5 years, never receive any of the recommended childhood vaccines.”

“Children born into poor households, with mothers who are unemployed and uneducation, were more likely to be never-vaccinated.”