RUA: Analyzing Published Research.

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Analyzing Published Research

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Clinical question

The necessitated uniform assignment given to our group is patient safety in a healthcare facility during a pandemic. Patient safety entails a healthcare discipline that arises with the evolving healthcare system’s complexity, resulting in increased patient harm in hospitals. In this case, there is an introduction of additional rules for more vulnerable and older patients in hospitals Coronavirus pandemic. The patient safety advancement in hospitals, including making PPEs compulsory to wear for all associates, aims to prevent many deaths that can otherwise occur during the pandemic. The group’s focus is to evaluate and formulate patient safety measures. The PICOT question that we major on in the paper is “Are there measures to enhance patient safety during the pandemic in hospitalized settings?”

The purpose of the paper is to scrutinize two identified articles that precisely reply to the PICOT question. Key and his partners (2021), who focused on exploring inpatient care experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, performed one piece from the association of patient experience. The article focused on patients’ opinion on the care quality, explored communication, and patient care given by healthcare professionals with PPEs. The other article focused on National Health Service patients’ experiences and perceptions after undergoing elective or planned surgery and procedures in alternate healthcare facility sites during the pandemic.

Description of Findings

The first article focused on the quantitative method, where the purpose of the research is to discover the patients’ inpatient cares experience during the pandemic. The quantitative study utilizes observable data, including actions and behavior, to represent the study’s substantial significance and cause and show comprehensible concepts. There is also an analysis design to understand the phenomenon’s meaning. According to Key et al. (2021), wearing PPEs by the health workers is significant and does not negatively influence their care because patients could communicate and identify with staff. On the other hand, the second article focused on the qualitative technique. The study purposed to determine the experience and perception of patients who experienced chosen surgery or procedures at other “clean” places during the Coronavirus disease. The qualitative designs form the theories’ basis and help to understand phenomena meaning. In this case, the method focuses on establishing responses to how and whys concerning the phenomenon in question. Here, gathering findings happen in a written format instead of numerical. According to Lee et al. (2021), a real-time and dedicated program for patient pathways’ physical separation and patient testing enhances patient safety in the hospitalized setting.

The Coronavirus pandemic necessitates many rapid variations in safety provided for patients in hospitalized settings. Both articles demonstrate that effective measures to facilitate patient safety in healthcare settings during the pandemic are significant. The two questions to guide the group include Do physical patient pathway separation, and COVID testing program contribute to patient perception and confidence of their safety? In addition, is health workers wearing PPEs and communicating to patients significant concerning the inpatients’ care quality perception during the pandemic?

Methods

The first article conducted a single-center patient analysis across the Vale and Cardiff University wellbeing board. There was designing and refining a mixed-method questionnaire by a research team consisting of health board patients’ team members and clinicians. Patients completed the survey using tablet devices after giving verbal consent to participate. Later, there was anonymized data exportation from the hosting site for analysis through Microsoft excel. The second article used a qualitative study from interview data with patients that experienced elective planned procedures or surgery at a different “clean” health facility from 23rd March 2020 to 7th September 2020 in the pandemic’s first wave. The study used five hospitals, whereby all offered a regular polymerase chain reaction program for staff and patients, reviewing the electronic patient details from the primary NHS acute healthcare provider. Data collection took place through personal semi-structured interviews among 230 patients. In this case, the research took place using structured interviews from trained assessors. One of the three professional interviewers telephoned every patient to carry out a telephone interview. Patients described their experience and perceptions by responding to seven main questions concerning treatment during the pandemic. Interviewers also captured qualitative data as individual free-text extra comments.

Participants

In the first article, 2742 patients who had their discharge from 23rd March provided their email or mobile contact details. In this case, 704 patients took part in the survey, whereby 102 patients were inpatients and 602 discharged patients. In the second article, Lee et al. (2021) undertook a prospective survey that included patients with 30 days and above after a planned procedure or surgery carried out at an alternate “clean” healthcare facility in the pandemic. A 20% random sample group selection of patients from the identified 1150 patients participated in the research. Hence, there was the identification of 230 randomized patients. Again, there was a collection of qualitative data relating to safety, perceptions, and confidence.

Conclusion

The paper purposed to scrutinize two articles and identify if they answer the PICOT question. The articles were a qualitative and quantitative analysis of patient safety in the healthcare setting during the pandemic. In response to patients’ perspectives, the first article shows that although healthcare workers wore PPEs to protect their health, it did not influence their care negatively due to continued communication ease. On the other hand, the second article’s research shows that measures set aside by hospital workers to enhance safe planned care in the facility during the pandemic, patient pathway and cohort separation, and patient testing are the most significant. Hence, the articles are a compelling evidence-based study.

References

Key, T., Kulkarni, A., Kandhari, V., Jawad, Z., Hughes, A., & Mohanty, K. (2021). The Patient Experience of Inpatient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Patient Perceptions, Communication, and Quality of Care at a University Teaching Hospital in the United Kingdom. Journal of Patient Experience, 8, 2374373521997742.

Lee, G., Clough, O. T., Walker, J. A., & Anakwe, R. E. (2021). The perception of patient safety in an alternate site of care for elective surgery during the first wave of the novel coronavirus pandemic in the United Kingdom: a survey of 158 patients. Patient Safety in Surgery, 15(1), 1-6.

Appendix

Evidence matrix table

article	references	Purpose hypothesis study question	Variables independent (I) Dependent (D)	Study design	Sample size and selection	Data collection method	Major findings
1	Key, T., Kulkarni, A., Kandhari, V., Jawad, Z., Hughes, A., & Mohanty, K. (2021). The Patient Experience of Inpatient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring Patient Perceptions, Communication, and Quality of Care at a University Teaching Hospital in the United Kingdom. Journal of Patient Experience, 8, 2374373521997742	To understand if health workers wearing PPEs and communicating to patients was significant concerning the inpatients’ care quality perception during the pandemic.	D-inpatients’ care quality perception I-hospital staff communicating with patients and wearing PPEs.	quantitative	704 patients participated in the survey after recruitment based on wards and electronic link	An electronic questionnaire	Patients were able to communicate at ease with staff despite them wearing PPEs, which supported patient safety.
2	Lee, G., Clough, O. T., Walker, J. A., & Anakwe, R. E. (2021). The perception of patient safety in an alternate site of care for elective surgery during the first wave of the novel coronavirus pandemic in the United Kingdom: a survey of 158 patients. Patient Safety in Surgery, 15(1), 1-6.	To evaluate if physical patient pathway separation and COVID testing program contribute to patient perception and confidence in their safety.	D-patient perception concerning safety. I-patient testing and pathway separation program	qualitative	230 patients from five hospitals offering regular polymerase chain reaction program	Semi-structured telephone interviews	A dedicated program for patient pathways’ physical separation and patient testing enhances patient safety in the hospitalized setting.