makeup artist

Nepali 2

Nepali 4

Nepali 3

Shrijana Nepali

Professor : Rachel Key

English 1301

23 March 2018

Annotated Bibliography

Berzano, L., & Genova, C. (2015). Lifestyles and subcultures: history and a new perspective (Vol. 152). Routledge.

Subcultures are the means by which express their identity, their relationships with others and their fears. Lifestyles are means that people adopt to view their own lives and to maintain varied practices and roles. Through these two; subculture and lifestyles observers are able to examine the society and orientate themselves along with it. These phenomena are consequently explained through analytical framework.

Cohen, Albert K. Delinquent Boys: The Culture of the Gang. New York: The Free Press, 1955.

The author in this book argues that reprobate subcultures are created around youthful status issues. He depicted the status dissatisfaction of youthful regular works men, pre-instructed at school to aspire to white collar class values and careers yet finding themselves significantly inhibited by their existing common laborers opportunity structures would as observed tend toward seeking these said values in ways other than those unanimously perceived as honest and, in some extents, even legal. Status must be accomplished inside a subculture of rebellious, self-expressive and unobstructed values. The author then further contends that reprobate subcultures were established in parts of common laborers culture; and, instead of being just a response to the white-collar class society, were increasingly an expressive accentuating of the 'central worries' of the parent culture.

Gelder, Ken. "Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Prctice ." Gelder, Ken. New York: Routge, 2007.led

In Gelder’s criteria as is discussed by the author, a subculture is perceived and understood in negative light as opposed to the dominant societal culture. The game subculture entails a great deal of time spent in pursuit of self-indulgence and laziness as opposed to the county’s values rooted in hard work and the earning of leisure as a form of reward for hard work.

The Author explores another benchmark of examining subcultures as their collective sense of alienation from the members of a subculture’s constituent background divisions in terms of class. The members of Olympic Cards and Comics are observed by the author to satisfy the above criteria by transcending the class division. The author argues that the gamers are seen to avoid any divides that are entrenched in class and seem to divide themselves in ways such as the games they play.

Merton, Robert K. Social Theory and Social Structure. NewYork: The Free Press, 1968 The author argues that subcultures are unmistakable from their parent culture however they do obtain (and regularly misshape, misrepresent, or modify) its images, qualities, and convictions. The idea is generally utilized as a part of the human science of abnormality—especially in investigations of youth culture.

Merton describes culture as an elaborate means of regulating and organizing behavioral and normative values for a group of given people. Social structures are the order of social connections in which individuals from the general public are differently implicated. Anomie, the condition of normlessness, emerges when there is an intense disjunction between the social standards and objectives and the socially organized limits of individuals from the gathering to act as per them. This general disparity is what may result in a sub culture. Evident in the discussion of the author posits, as it were, Merton trusts that the American Dream is a social perfect, yet the manners by which individuals approach getting it are not the same. This can prompt a lot of deviance from the normative values as discussed in defining a culture.

Washington, Kate. "The Gamer Subculture in Lacy, WA." Anthós (2013): 69-77. The article begins by addressing subculture in a definitive sense, here the author argues that if observed, away from the grand scope of the collective structure of culture, groups of people who often identify with each other’s way of life and more often than not in contrast with the larger structure, are availed an opportunity to exist.

In the author’s assessment of the gamer subculture in America, Kate explores the concept of subculture and fandom as an aspect of the collective form of gaming as a subculture. With respect to the definition of a culture as a collection of parties in their similarities in behavior and way of life, it follows that in this article the object of fandom and its similarities across all its subscribing affiliates satisfies gaming as a subculture in America. The author argues that seeing as fans of a given game, tend to form attachments with the game, can relate in the means of participating in said game and in the event of there being a large enough presence of them, may have amenities that support their said way of life then it may suffice it to say that the gamer’s way of life or the fan’s rather is a culture

With a reference to Ken Gelder’s six criteria for subcultures, the paper goes further to explore the gamer subculture and how it satisfies these criteria. The author posits that the objectives of subjecting the gamer subculture and its affiliated fandom to an assessment against the six criteria stands to provide more context and facilitates further understanding of the former.