Unit 2 Discussion 1 - Prescriptive Authority for the APRN. 800w. 4 references.
fdsa123
ama-chart-np-prescriptive-authority.pdf
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
State law chart: Nurse Practitioner Prescriptive Authority
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
Alabama Yes, there must be a standard
written protocol. (Ala.
Admin. Code 540-X-8-.08
(9); Ala. Admin. Code 610-
X-5-.08 (9)).
Yes. (AL ST § 20–2–253).
Yes, with a special permit
approved by the ALBME.
(AL ST § 20–2–260, AAC
Chapter 540-X-20).
Nursing education programs
must include some
pharmacology. (Ala. Admin.
Code 610-X-3-.02
(9)(e)(iii)).
Only NPs or CNMs who
have completed approved
courses including advanced
pharmacology and
prescribing trends related to
controlled substances will
receive a certificate to
prescribe controlled
substances. (AL ST § 20–2–
252).
For controlled substances,
NPs will be required to have
demonstrated safe practice
for 12 months prior to
application for a controlled
substance certificate.
If authorized by the
collaborative practice
agreement, APRNs can
prescribe those hydrocodone
combinations reclassified
from Schedule III to
Schedule II.
Alaska No. (12 Alaska Admin. Code
44.440).
Yes. (12 Alaska Admin.
Code 44.445).
Yes. (12 Alaska Admin.
Code 44.445).
15 hours of advanced
pharmacology and clinical
management of drug therapy.
(www.dced.state.ak.us/occ/p
nur.htm)/AAPN application).
Prescriptive authority is
included in licensure.
Arizona No. (A.R.S. § 32-1601
(15)(d)(v); Ariz. Admin.
Code R4-19-511).
Yes. (Ariz. Admin. Code R4-
19-512).
Yes. (Ariz. Admin. Code R4-
19-512).
45 hours in pharmacology
and/or clinical management
of drug therapy.
(http://apps.azsos.gov/public
_services/Title_04/4-19.pdf)
The state tracks the number
of applications for
prescriptive authority
received.
Arkansas Yes, a collaborative
agreement is required. (Ark.
Code Ann. § 17-87-310
Yes. (Ark. Code Ann. § 17-
87-310 (b); Ark. Admin
Code 067.00.3-VIII (D)(2)).
No. (Ark. Code Ann. § 17-
87-310 (b); Ark. Admin
Code 067.00.3-VIII (D)(2)).
45 contact hours or 3
semester hours in
pharmacology. (Board
A NP must have 300 hours
of precepted experience in
the prescription of drugs
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
2
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
(a)(2); Ark. Admin. Code
067.00.3-VIII (A)(5)).
website
(www.arsbn.arkansas.gov/Pa
ges/default.aspx)/ certificate
of prescriptive authority
application).
before receiving an initial
certificate of prescriptive
authority.
California Yes. (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code
§ 2836.1 (a)).
Yes. (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code
2836.1 (f)(1)).
Yes. (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code
2836.1 (f)(1)).
6 months of physician
supervised experience, a
pharmacology course, and to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances, a
course on schedule II
controlled substances. (Cal.
Bus. & Prof. Code § 2836.1
(g)(1)&(2)).
The Board assigns each NP
with prescriptive authority a
“furnishing number,” the
number of which have been
granted are also tracked by
the Board. (Cal. Bus. & Prof.
Code § 2836.3(a)).
Continuing education is
required to prescribe IIs.
Colorado Yes. ”Prescribing
mentorshop” with physician
or APRN required for the
first 1,000 hours of practice.
(Colo. Rev. Stat. 12-38-111.6
(4.5)(b)(1)(A)).
Yes. (Colo. Rev. Stat. 12-38-
111.6 (1)).
Yes. (Colo. Rev. Stat. 12-38-
111.6 (1)).
3 semester hours or 4 quarter
hours in pathophysiology,
pharmacology, and physical
assessment. (3 Code Colo.
Regs 716-1 Ch. XV (2.1)).
The Board tracks and assigns
an identifier to all NPs with
prescriptive authority. (Colo.
Rev. Stat 12-38-111.6
(4.5)(f)(II)(7)).
Remote communication with
the physician or APRN
mentor is permissible as long
as the communication is
synchronous (e.g. not email).
Connecticut Yes. The NP must
collaborate with a physician
for 3 years and no less than
2,000 hours. (Conn. Gen.
Stat. § 20-87a(b)).
Yes. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-
94b).
Yes. (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-
94b).
30 hours of education in
pharmacology for advanced
nursing practice required for
NP licensure. (Conn. Gen.
Stat. § 20-94a (3)).
Legend drug authority is
included in licensure, but to
prescribe controlled
substances, the NP must
apply for a Controlled
Substance Registration. The
state does not track how
many NPs have CSRs.
Delaware Yes, a collaborative
agreement is required to
Yes. (CDR 24-1900 (8.18);
CDR 24-1700 (27.4)).
Yes. (CDR 24-1900 (8.18);
CDR 24-1700 (27.4)).
Coursework in advanced
health assessment; diagnosis
Legend drug prescriptive
authority is included in
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
3
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
apply for prescriptive
authority – for the first 2
years and 4,000 hours of
practice.
and management of problems
within clinical specialty;
advanced pathophysiology;
and advanced pharmacology/
pharmacotherapeutics.
(http://dpr.delaware.gov/boar
ds/nursing/apnprescauth.sht
ml).
APRN Rx authority is
subject to biennial renewal,
with varying requirements
based on time of practice:
APRNs not in clinical
practice for more than the
past 2 years must complete
24 contact hours of CE (12 in
pharmacotherapeutics and 12
in the clinical management
of patients) within 1 year
prior to applying for renewal.
APRNs not in clinical
practice for more than the
past 5 years must complete
45 hours of
pharmacotherapeutics CE
within 1 year prior to
application in addition to the
advanced practice nursing
refresher program.
licensure, unless an applicant
declines. The Board does not
track the number of who
decline legend drug
prescriptive authority, but
does track the number with
Delaware controlled
substance registrations.
In the event no advanced
practice refresher program is
available, the applicant must
complete 600 hours of
supervised clinical
experience in the appropriate
advanced practice role and
population focus, with a
qualified preceptor within 1
year prior to licensure by
reinstatement.
D.C. No. (D.C. Code §§ 3-
1201.02 (2)(C); 3-1206.04
(1)).
Yes. (CDCR 17-5909, 5910). Yes. (CDCR 17-5909, 5910). None. Legend drug authority is
included in licensure, but
NPs must obtain a D.C.
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
4
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
Controlled Substances
Registration to prescribe
controlled substances.
Florida Yes. NPs must maintain a
written collaborative
agreement for prescriptive
authority. (Fla. Admin. Code
64B9-4.010).
Yes. (Fla. Stat. § 464.012).
Only psychiatric NPs are
allowed to Rx psychiatric
medication to children under
18.
No. (Fla. Stat. § 464.012). 7-
day limit of Schedule II
controlled substances, except
for psychiatric controlled
substances, for which there is
no limit. Only psychiatric
NPs are allowed to Rx
psychiatric medication to
children under 18.
None. Those NPs whose protocols
permit them to dispense
medications must register
with the Board of Nursing
(Fla. Stat. § 465.0267 (2)(a)).
A joint committee of NPs,
physicians and pharmacists
under the nursing board will
recommend the formulary for
controlled substances.
NPs must complete 3 AMA
PRA Category 1 credit hours
in prescription of controlled
susbtances.
Georgia Yes. Physicians may
delegate the authority to
prescribe medications to NPs
pursuant to a written protocol
agreement. (O.C.G.A. 43-34-
25 (b)).
Yes. (O.C.G.A. 43-34-25
(d)).
No. (O.C.G.A. 43-34-25 (k)). To be licensed, NPs must
complete a post-basic
educational program for NPs
that includes advanced
pharmacology in its
curriculum or as a separate
course. (Ga. Admin. Code
410-12-.03 (3)(b)).
Hawaii Yes, the NP must have in
place a “collegial working
relationship agreement” with
a physician (Haw. Admin.
Rules § 16-89C-5 (a)(6)).
Yes. (Haw. Admin. Rules §
16-89-119 (c)(7)).
Yes. (Haw. Admin. Rules §
16-89-119 (c)(7)).
At least 30 contact hours of
advanced pharmacology
education, including
advanced
pharmacotherapeutics. (Haw.
Admin. Rules § 16-89C-5
(a)(4).
Applications for prescriptive
authority are filed with the
department of commerce and
consumer affairs and subject
to approval. (Haw. Admin.
Rules § 16-89C-10 (b)).
Idaho No. (IDAPA 23.01.01.271 Yes. (IDAPA 23.01.01.271 Yes. (IDAPA 23.01.01.271 30 hours of post-basic The Board tracks the number
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
5
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
(2)). (13)). (13)). education in
pharmacotherapeutics as part
of study within a formal
education program or
continuing education
program. (IDAPA
23.01.01.280 (1)(a)(ii)).
of NPs with legend drug
prescriptive authority, but the
state does not track the
number of state controlled
substance registrations that
are issued to NPs.
Illinois Yes, a collaborative
agreement for practice
outside of a hospital or ASC.
(225 ILCS 65/65-40).
Yes. (225 ILCS 65/65-40
(a)).
Yes (30-day supply). (Ill.
Admin. Code § 1300.430 (a-
b)).
At least 45 hours of graduate
level pharmacology and
annual completion of 5 hours
of continuing education in
pharmacology required for
Schedule II authority.
The state tracks the number
of NPs with legend drug
prescriptive authority and
state mid-level controlled
substance licensure.
Physicians can delegate the
authority to prescribe a 30-
day dose of no more than 5
Schedule II or II-N
controlled substances that the
physician prescribes.
Indiana Yes, a collaborative
agreement is required. (848
IAC 5-1-1 (a)(7)).
Yes. (Burns Ind. Code Ann.
§ 25-23-1-19.5; 848 IAC 5-
1-1).
Yes. (Burns Ind. Code Ann.
§ 25-23-1-19.5; 848 IAC 5-
1-1).
A graduate level
pharmacology course
consisting of at least 2
semester hours of academic
credit. (848 IAC 5-1-1 (a)(6).
The Board tracks the number
of NPs with state controlled
substance registrations,
which is required to
prescribe all drugs, legend
and controlled.
Iowa No. (Iowa Code § 147.107
(8); 655 IAC 7.1 (152)).
Yes. (Iowa Code § 147.107
(8); 655 IAC 7.1 (152)).
Yes. (Iowa Code § 147.107
(8); 655 IAC 7.1 (152)).
None. Legend drug prescriptive
authority is included in
licensure, unless an applicant
declines. The Board does
not track the number who
decline. To prescribe
controlled substances, NPs
must register with the Board
of Pharmacy, and the
Pharmacy Board tracks the
number of NPs with
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
6
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
controlled substance
authority.
Kansas Yes. There must be a written
protocol authorized by a
physician. (K.S.A. § 65-1130
(d)). Protocol requirements
are listed in the Kansas
Nursing Practice Act 60-11-
104a.
Yes. (K.S.A. § 65-1130
(d)&(e)).
Yes. (K.S.A. § 65-1130
(d)&(e)).
All ARNP graduates must
complete 3 college hours of
pharmacology. (K.S.A. § 60-
11-103 (f)). (8/31/2010).
In order to prescribe
controlled substances, the NP
must register with the DEA
and notify the board of the
name of the collaborating
physician with whom the NP
has a protocol agreement.
(K.S.A. § 65-1130 (d)).
Kentucky Yes. There must be separate
written “Collaborative
Agreements for the
Advanced Registered Nurse
Practitioner’s Prescriptive
Authority” with a physician
for purposes of prescribing
controlled substances. The
CPA is not required for
purposes of prescribing
legend drugs after 4 years of
prescribing pursuant to a
CPA. (K.R.S. § 314.042
(8)&(9)).
Yes. (K.R.S. § 314.011 (8)). Yes. (K.R.S. § 314.011 (8)). None. The Board tracks the number
of NPs authorized to
prescribe legend drugs and
also separately tracks the
number with controlled
substance authority.
Louisiana Yes. There must be a written
collaborative practice
agreement between the NP
and a physician. (46 LAC
XLVII § 4513 (D)(1)(d)(vi)).
Yes. (11 La. Rev. Stat. § 913
(3)(b)).
Yes. NPs may only prescribe
controlled substances only
with authority granted by the
Board of Nursing . (46 LAC
XLVII § 4513 (D)(2)(b).
500 hours of clinical practice
as a NP or in a preceptorship;
45 contact hours of education
in advanced
pharmacotherapeutics; and
45 contact hours of
physiology/
pathophysiology. (46 LAC
XLVII § 4513 (D)(1)(d)).
Further, for controlled
Louisiana requires a separate
application for prescriptive
authority, and requires a state
controlled and dangerous
substances number for
prescriptive authority for
controlled substances. (Board
website
(http://www.lsbn.state.la.us/)
8/5/2010).
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
7
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
substance authority, the NP
must document 500 hours of
practice with a collaborating
physician (46 LAC XLVII §
4513 (D)(2)(b)(iv)).
The Board tracks the number
of NPs with prescriptive
authority. Louisiana State
Board of Nursing, 2009
Annual Report,
http://www.lsbn.state.la.us/d
ocuments/AnnualReport/Ann
ualReport2009.pdf).
Maine Yes, but only for the first 24
months of a NP’s practice.
The NP must be supervised
by a physician or NP, or
must be employed by a
clinic/hospital that has a
physician medical director.
After the 24-month period,
the NP has complete
autonomy in the diagnosing
and treatment aspects of
practice. (32 M.R.S.A. §
2102 (2-A); CMR 02-380-
008 § 2 (A)). Requirements
for the supervising NP are
contained in Sec. 6. 32
MRSA §2102, sub-§10.
Yes. (32 M.R.S.A. § 2102
(2-A); CMR 02-380-008 § 6
(4)).
Yes. (32 M.R.S.A. § 2102
(2-A); CMR 02-380-008 § 6
(4)).
As part of the general
requirements for NP
licensure, the NP must
complete 45 contact hours of
pharmacology (CMR 02-
380-008 § 2 (D)); an
additional 15 contact hours is
required if the NP has not
prescribed in 2 years, and an
additional 45 hours if the NP
has not prescribed in 5 years.
(CMR 02-380-008 § 6 (1)).
Prescriptive authority for
both legend drugs and
controlled substances is
included in licensure.
Maryland Yes – for the first 18 months
of practice. (COMAR
10.27.07.02 (A)(4)).
Yes. (COMAR 10.27.07.02
(A)(4); COMAR 10.27.07.08
(C)).
Yes. (COMAR 10.27.07.02
(A)(4); COMAR 10.27.07.08
(C)).
NP licensure requires
coursework in advanced
pharmacology, advanced
pathophysiology, and
advanced physical
assessment (Board website
(http://www.mbon.org/main.
php)/APN application).
To prescribe controlled
substances, the NP must have
a Maryland Drug Control
Number (Board website
(http://www.mbon.org/main.
php)/ APN written
agreement).
Massachusetts Yes. There must be written
guidelines between the NP
Yes. (M.G.L. Ch. 11, § 80E). Yes. (M.G.L. Ch. 11, § 80E). 24 contact hours in
pharmacotherapeutics that
All drugs are scheduled in
Massachusetts, and to
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
8
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
and the physician. (244 CMR
4.22 (1)&(3)).
are beyond those acquired
through a generic nursing
education program. (244
CMR 4.05).
prescribe, NPs must obtain a
state controlled substance
registration. The Board
tracks the number of NPs
with CSRs.
Michigan Yes. There must be written
guidelines between the NP
and the physician.
Yes. (Board website
(http://www.michigan.gov/m
dch/0,1607,7-132-
27417_27529_27542---
,00.html) 8/6/2010)).
Yes, but only in a 7 day
supply upon the release of a
patient.
None. Prescriptive authority for
legend drugs and controlled
substances is delegated under
written agreements. NPs are
not eligible for their own
DEA numbers. The Board
does not track who is
prescribing under such
agreements.
Minnesota No (Minn. Stat. § 148.235
(2)).
Yes. (Minn. Stat. § 148.235
(2); Minn. Stat. § 151.37 (2);
Minn. Stat. § 151.12 (1)).
Yes. (Minn. Stat. § 148.235
(2); Minn. Stat. § 151.37 (2);
Minn. Stat. § 151.12 (1)).
None. Prescriptive authority is part
of certification. The Board
does not track the number of
NPs prescribing under
collaborative agreements, nor
does it track the number of
NPs with DEA numbers.
Mississippi Yes. NP prescribing
protocols must be approved
by the Board of Nursing.
(Miss. Admin. Code Bd. of
Nursing Ch. IV, 2.3 (c)(2)).
Yes. (Miss. Admin. Code
Bd. of Nursing Ch. IV 2.4
(h))
Yes. (Miss. Admin. Code
Bd. of Nursing Ch. IV 2.4
(h))
Completion of a Board
approved educational
program is required prior to
making application for
controlled substance
authority. NPs must submit
to the BON documentation
of at least 40 contact hours
related to the advanced
clinical practice of the NP
within the last 2 years. Two
of these hours must be
directly related to the Rx of
controlled substances.
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
9
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
Missouri Yes. NP prescriptive
authority is permitted under a
collaborative agreement. (20
CSR 2200-4.200).
Yes. (Section 334.104.2,
RSMo)
No. (20 CSR 2200-4.100). NPs practicing in a specialty
area for which there is no
clinical specialty certification
available must complete 3
graduate credit hours of
pharmacology. (20 CSR
2200-4.100 (3)(A)(2)(B)).
Specific requirements for
controlled substance
authority are specified in 20
CSR 2200-4.100(2)(I)(B)(7).
Prescriptive authority is
included in licensure.
Montana No. (A.R.M.
R124.159.1463).
Yes. (A.R.M.
R124.159.1461; A.R.M.
R124.159.1464).
Yes. (A.R.M.
R124.159.1461; A.R.M.
R124.159.1464).
45 contact hours in
pharmacology,
pharmacotherapeutics, and
clinical management of drug
therapy in the NP’s area of
specialty.
Authority to prescribe legend
drugs and controlled
substances is obtained
through a separate
application, which the Board
tracks.
Nebraska Yes, for the first 2,000 hours
of practice. (Neb. Rev. Code
§ 38-2315, 38-2322).
Yes. (Neb. Rev. Code § 38-
2315 (2)(c)).
Yes (72-hour supply). (Neb.
Rev. Code § 38-2315 (2)(c)).
To be licensed as a NP
generally, the NP must
complete at least 30 hours of
education in
pharmacotherapeutics (Neb.
Rev. Code § 38-2317 (1)(c)).
Authority to prescribe both
legend drugs and controlled
substances is included in
licensure. The Board does
not track the number of NPs
with DEA numbers.
Nevada Yes, for Schedule II
controlled substances only.
APRNs can only prescribe
Schedule II if they have (a)
at least 2 years or 2,000
hours of clinical experience;
or (b) the controlled
substance is prescribed
pursuant to a protocol
approved by a collaborating
physician.
Yes. (N.R.S. 639.2351;
N.R.S. 632.237).
Yes. (N.R.S. 639.2351;
N.R.S. 632.237).
2 semester credits in
advanced
pharmacotherapeutics as part
of an advanced nursing
program, or in the 2 years
prior to application. (N.A.C.
632.257).
The Board has access to the
number of NPs with
prescriptive authority, but
does not readily track the
number. The Board does not
track the number of NPs with
DEA numbers.
New Hampshire No. (R.S.A. 326-B11 (III)). Yes. (R.S.A. 326-B11 (III)). Yes. (R.S.A. 326-B11 (III)). NPs generally must complete Authority to prescribe legend
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
10
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
at least 480 hours of clinical
nursing practice, including
pharmacological
interventions. (Nur. 301.03
(b)(1)).
drugs and controlled
substances is included in
licensure. The Board does
not track the number of NPs
with DEA numbers.
New Jersey Yes. NPs can only prescribe
if they have a written
collaborative agreement with
a physician. (N.J. Stat. Ann.
45:11-49 (b)&(c); N.J.A.C. §
13:37-6.3 (b); N.J.A.C. §
13:37-7.9).
Yes. (N.J. Stat. Ann. 45:11-
49 (b)&(c); N.J.A.C. §
13:37-7.9).
Yes. (N.J. Stat. Ann. 45:11-
49 (b)&(c); N.J.A.C. §
13:37-7.9).
NPs generally must complete
39 hours in pharmacology
and 6 contact hours in
pharmacology related to
controlled substances to
become licensed. (N.J.A.C. §
13:37-7.2 (c)(&(d)). To
prescribe, NPs must
additionally complete 6
contact hours in
pharmacology related to
controlled substances. (N.J.
Stat. Ann. 45:11-49 (b)(7);
45:11-49 (c)(8)).
New Mexico No. (N.M.S.A. 61-3-23.2
(B)(2)).
Yes. (N.M.S.A. 61-3-23.2
(B)(2)).
Yes. (N.M.S.A. 61-3-23.2
(B)(2)).
24 contact hours of
pharmacology for NP
licensure (N.M.A.C.
16.12.2.13 (A)(2), and to
obtain prescriptive authority,
400 hours of work
experience in which
prescribing dangerous drugs,
or 400 hours of experience
prescribing dangerous drugs
in a preceptorship.
(N.M.A.C. 16.12.2.13
(O)(5)(a)(i)).
The NP must apply for a
state controlled substance
license with the state Board
of Pharmacy. (N.M.A.C.
16.12.2.13 (O)(5)(a)(ii)).
New York Yes. NPs’ prescriptive
authority is indicated in the
written practice agreement
Yes. Yes. 3 semester hours or the
equivalent, or an
examination, in
Authority to prescribe legend
drugs and controlled
substances is included in
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
11
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
with the collaborating
physician. (139 N.Y.C.L.S. §
6902 (3)(b)).
pharmacotherapeutics for NP
licensure (N.Y.C.R.R. § 64.4
(b)(2), & (c).
licensure. The Board does
not track the number of NPs
with DEA numbers.
North Carolina Yes. NPs’ prescriptive
authority is indicated in the
written practice agreement
with the collaborating
physician (21 N.C.A.C.
36.0802 (5)).
Yes. (21 N.C.A.C. 36.0809
(b)(2); 21 N.C.A.C. 36.0120
(35)). Limited to 30-day
supply.
Yes. (21 N.C.A.C. 36.0809
(b)(2); 21 N.C.A.C. 36.0120
(35)). Limited to 30-day
supply.
Generally to be licensed, NPs
must complete a nurse
practitioner education
program that includes
instruction in pharmacology
as part of its core curriculum.
(21 N.C.A.C. 36.0805 (b)).
Authority to prescribe legend
drugs and controlled
substances is included in
approval to practice. The
Board does not track the
number of NPs with DEA
numbers.
North Dakota No. (N.D.C.C. 43-12). Yes. (N.D.A.C. 54-05-03.1-
10).
Yes. (N.D.A.C. 54-05-03.1-
10).
30 contact hours of
education, or the equivalent,
in pharmacotherapy related
to the NP’s scope of
advanced practice. (N.D.A.C.
54-05-03.1-09 (3)).
The Board separately tracks
the number of NPs with
legend drug prescriptive
authority and controlled
substance authority.
Ohio Yes. NPs’ prescriptive
authority is indicated in the
written practice agreement
with the collaborating
physician. (O.R.C. 4723.43
(C); O.R.C. 4723.48 (A)).
Yes. (O.R.C. 4723.48). Yes. (O.R.C. 4723.481 (C);
O.R.C. 3719.06 (A)(2)).
45 contact hours of education
in advanced pharmacology
(O.R.C. 4723.482 (B)(3), and
a 1,500 hour externship.
(O.R.C. 4723.48 (A); O.R.C.
4723.484 (A); O.A.C. 4723-
7-02).
The Board tracks the number
of NPs with certificates to
prescribe, but does not keep
track of how many of those
have DEA numbers.
Oklahoma Yes. NPs may prescribe only
under a written agreement of
collaboration with a
physician. (Ok. Stat. Ann. §
567.3a (6)).
Yes. (Ok. Stat. Ann. § 567.3a
(6)). Limited to 30-day
supply.
No. (Ok. Admin. Code 485:
10-16-5 (c)).
45 contact hours of
continuing education or 3
academic credit hours of
education in
pharmacotherapeutics,
clinical application, and use
of pharmacological agents in
the prevention of illness and
the restoration and
maintenance of health. (Ok.
Stat. Ann. § 567.4a (2)).
The Board tracks both the
number of NPs with
prescriptive authority, and
the number of NPs registered
with the state Bureau of
Narcotics and Dangerous
Drugs authorized to prescribe
controlled substances.
Oregon No. (O.A.R. 851-050-0005 Yes. (O.R.S. 678.390; Yes. (O.R.S. 678.390; 45 hour pharmacology Prescriptive authority comes
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
12
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
(5)). O.A.R. 851-056-004). O.A.R. 851-056-004). course and a
pharmacotherapeutic clinical
practicum under a medical
doctor, nurse practitioner, or
clinical nurse specialist with
prescriptive authority.
(O.A.R. 851-056-0006).
with NP licensure. The
Board tracks the number of
NPs with DEA numbers.
Pennsylvania Yes. NPs must maintain a
written collaborative
agreement with a physician.
(P.A.C. § 21.283(a)).
Yes. (P.A.C. § 21.284).
Limited to 90-day supply.
Yes. (P.A.C. § 21.284).
Limited to 30-day supply.
45 hours of coursework in
advanced pharmacology,
beyond that required for an
RN program. (P.A.C. §
21.283(b)).
The state tracks the number
of NPs with prescriptive
authority as part of its online
license verification service.
Rhode Island No. (R.I.C.R. 5-34-49). Yes. (Gen. L. R.I. § 5-34-39
(a)(2); R.I.C.R. 5-34-10.1).
NPs may prescribe schedule
III and IV controlled
substances that are
prescribed in regulations.
Yes. (Gen. L. R.I. § 5-34-39
(a)(2); R.I.C.R. 5-34-10.1).
NPs with a population focus
in psychiatric/mental health
may prescribe schedule II
controlled substances
classified as stimulants.
None.
South Carolina Yes. NPs must maintain a
written collaborative
agreement with a physician.
(S.C. Code Ann. § 40-33-20
(10)).
Yes. (S.C. Code Ann. § 40-
33-34 (F)(1)(c)).
No. (S.C. Code Ann. § 40-
33-34 (F)(1)(c)).
45 contact hours of
pharmacotherapeutics (S.C.
Code Ann. § 40-33-34
(E)(1)(d)), and to prescribe
controlled substances, 15
hours of education in
controlled substances. (S.C.
Code Ann. § 40-33-34
(E)(1)(f)).
The Board issues an
identification number to NPs
authorized to prescribe
medications. (S.C. Code
Ann. § 40-33-34 (E)(2)),
which includes authority to
prescribe legend drugs and
controlled substances.
South Dakota Yes, only for NPs who have
practiced under 1,040 hours.
(S.D. Stat. Ann. §§ 36-9A-12
(2), 36-9A-17).
Yes. (S.D. Stat. Ann. § 36-
9A-12 (2)).
Yes. (S.D. Stat. Ann. § 36-
9A-12 (2)).
None. Legend drug prescriptive
authority is included in
licensure, but the Board is
able to track who is engaging
in prescriptive practice
because it approves the
protocols. The state does not
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
13
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
track how many NPs have
state controlled substance
registrations.
Tennessee Yes, medical supervision and
mutually-approved
formularies for NPs who
prescribe are required. (Tenn.
Code Ann. § 63-7-123
(b)(1)).
Yes. (Tenn. Code Ann. § 63-
7-123; Tenn. R.R. 1000-04-
.04).
Yes. (Tenn. Code Ann. § 63-
7-123; Tenn. R.R. 1000-04-
.04).
3 quarter hours or its
equivalent in pharmacology.
(Tenn. R.R. 1000-04-.04
(2)(b)).
The Board tracks the number
of NPs with prescriptive
authority, which includes
legend drug and controlled
substance authority, but does
not track the number of NPs
with DEA numbers.
TCA 63-7-123 requires that a
NP have a supervising
physician for prescriptive
services rendered. TCA 63-
7-207 sets out the powers of
the nursing board to establish
the qualifications for a NP to
write prescriptions.
Texas Yes. NPs must maintain a
prescriptive authority
agreement or protocol with a
physician. (T.A.C. § 222.4
(a)(1)(A)).
Yes. (T.A.C. §§ 222.5,
222.6).
Yes. (T.A.C. §§ 222.5,
222.6).
Courses in
pharmacotherapeutics,
pathophysiology, advanced
assessment, and diagnosis
and management of problems
within the clinical specialty.
(T.A.C. § 222.2 (a)(2)(A).
To prescribe controlled
substances, NPs must file a
separate application with the
state Department of Public
Safety for controlled
substances registration.
(Board website
(http://www.bne.state.tx.us/)/
APN application).
Utah Yes, only for nurses who
have practiced less than 2
years or 2,000 hours who
wish to prescribe Schedule II
controlled substances. (Utah
Code Ann. 58-31b-102 (13)-
Yes. (Utah Code Ann. 58-
31b-102 (13)(c); Utah
Admin. Code R156-37-301
(i)).
Yes. (Utah Code Ann. 58-
31b-102 (13)(c); Utah
Admin. Code R156-37-301
(i)).
Advanced coursework in
patient assessment, diagnosis
and treatment, and
pharmacotherapeutics. (Utah
Code Ann. 58-31b301 (3)).
Legend drug authority is
included in licensure, and to
obtain controlled substance
authority, NPs must
complete a separate
application. The Board
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
14
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
(14) and 58-31b-803). tracks the NPs with
controlled substance
authority.
Vermont Yes. NPs must maintain a
written collaborative
agreement with a physician
or APRN for the first 24
months or 2,400 hours of
practice. (V.S.O. 26-28-
1613).
Yes. Yes. Coursework including
advanced pathophysiology,
advanced assessment, and
pharmacotherapeutics for NP
licensure. (Board website
(http://vtprofessionals.org/op
r1/nurses/)/ APRN
application).
Prescriptive authority for
legend drugs and controlled
substances is included in
licensure. The Board does
not track the number of NPs
with DEA numbers.
Virginia Yes. NPs prescribing
authority only as part of a
patient care team. (18 V.A.C.
90-40-40 (3); 18 V.A.C. 90-
40-90).
Yes. (Code Va. § 54.1-
2957.01).
Yes. (Code Va. § 54.1-
2957.01).
30 contact hours of education
in pharmacology or
pharmacotherapeutics. (18
V.A.C. 90-40-40 (2)).
There is a separate licensure
for prescriptive authority for
schedules II-VI (all drugs are
scheduled in Virginia). The
Board tracks the number of
NPs with prescriptive
authority, but does not track
NPs with federal DEA
numbers.
Washington No. (WAC 246-840-400). Yes. (Rev. Code Wash. §
18.79.050).
Yes. (Rev. Code Wash. §
18.79.050).
30 hours of
pharmacotherapeutics
education, that includes
pharmacokinetic principles
and their clinical application
and the use of
pharmacological agents in
prevention of illness and
restoration and maintenance
of health. (WAC 246-840-
410 (1)(b)).
The board tracks the number
of NPs with prescriptive
authority, but does not keep
track of how many have
DEA numbers.
West Virginia Yes, only for NPs who have
practiced less than 3 years.
(W.Va. Code § 30-7-15a (e)).
After 3 years in a
Yes. (W. Va. Code § 30-7-
15a). Prescriptions for
Schedule III controlled
substances are limited to a
No. (W. Va. Code § 30-7-
15a (c)).
Pharmacology course during
undergraduate education, 45
contact hours of instruction
in advanced pharmacology at
Each NP with prescriptive
authority is assigned an
identification number by the
Board of Nursing. (W. Va.
© 2017 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
15
State Is physician involvement
required for NP
prescriptive authority?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule III-V
controlled substances?
Do NPs have authority to
prescribe schedule II
controlled substances?
What are the additional
educational requirements
for NP prescriptive
authority?
Additional notes
collaborative relationship
with a physician, a NP can
apply to the nursing board
for authorization to prescribe
independently.
30-day supply without refill. the graduate level, must have
used pharmacology in
clinical practice as part of the
education program, and must
complete 15 hours of
advanced pharmacology
within the 2 years prior to
application. (W. Va. Code §
30-7-15b (c); W. Va. CSR §
19-8-3.1.a).
Code § 30-7-15a (e)), and the
Nursing Board must maintain
a list of all NPs with West
Virginia DEA registrations
and numbers. (W. Va. CSR §
19-8-3.9).
A Joint Advisory Council on
Limited Prescriptive
Authority will advise the
nursing board on
collaborative agreements and
prescriptive authority for
APRNs, and review
applications for independent
prescriptive authority..
Wisconsin Yes. Prescriptive authority
dependent upon a
collaborative agreement and
supervision by a physician.
(Wis. Admin. Code N 8.10
(2)).
Yes. (Wis. Stats. 441.16 (2);
Wis. Admin. Code N 8.06).
Yes, but only in very limited
circumstances. (Wis. Stats.
441.16 (2); Wis. Admin.
Code N 8.06).
45 contact hours in clinical
pharmacology/therapeutics
and must pass a
“jurisprudence examination.”
(Wis. Admin. Code N 8.03
(4)&(5)).
Wyoming No. (Wy. Stat. Ann 33-21-
120 (a)(i); Wy. Admin. Code
Ch. 4 § 8).
Yes. (Wy. Stat. Ann 33-21-
120 (a)(i)(A)).
Yes. (Wy. Stat. Ann 33-21-
120 (a)(i)(A)).
30 contact hours of education
in pharmacology and clinical
management of drug therapy
or pharmacotherapeutics.
(Wy. Admin. Code Ch. 4 § 8
(c)(ii).
Prescriptive authority
includes legend drugs and
controlled substances, and
requires registration for a
DEA number. The Board
tracks the number of NPs
with prescriptive authority.
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