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Running head: Illegal Immigration, Drug Trafficking, and an Open Border. 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT, PURPOSE STATEMENT AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS 6

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Hiba Al Mehdi

School of Business, Northcentral University

CMP-9701B: Pre-Candidacy Prospectus

Dr. Gabriele Suboch

August 19, 2022

Hello Hiba,

Thank you for posting. The problem statement is better. Please see my comments. The purpose statement is better. However, RQ2 is very similar to RQ2. Please see my comments in the text, cheers Dr Suboch. 8/31/22

Assessing the Relationship Between Illegal Immigration, Drug Trafficking, and an Open Border.

Problem Statement

The problem to be addressed in this study is if there is a relationship between illegal immigration, open border, and drug trafficking. Illegal activities such as drug trafficking and illegal immigration occur when there is a lack of border control (Cha, 2020). Open borders affect society, law enforcement, public safety, and the government. It also allows people from any country to enter the United States without background checks and provides the perfect environment for terrorism. It is possible that having an open border will make it easy for criminals from other nations to enter this country (Hikmatullo Ogli, 2020). There is a challenge in controlling movements on an open border when immigration agencies fail to regulate people entering the country. According to Molobe & Odukoya (2021), increased cases of drug trafficking occur when people smuggle drugs across an open border. For example I, in FY2021, CBP seized 624,500 pounds of drugs compared to the fiscal year 2020, the cocaine seizures increased by 68%; Methamphetamine seizures increased by 7%; Heroin seizures decreased by 6%; Fentanyl seizures increased by 134% (Seagren, 2020). 

Open borders are a problem because of the lack of policies regulating immigrants' entry into the country and promote the likely illegal channels they useand cartels to traffic immigrants. to enter. In 2021, 1.6 million illegal????immigrants were encountered crossingat the New Mexico border (Hikmatullo Ogli, 2020; Gramlich & Scheller, 2021). According to the 2020 statistics, California recorded 879,064 illegal immigrants, Arizona 860,100, Texas 2, 434,899, and New Mexico 11,098 illegal immigrants that were deported (Trac, 2022).

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this quantitative study is to examine if there is a relationship between open borders, drug trafficking, and illegal immigration. The methodology will be quantitative with a case study design. Publicly accessible databases, for example, the United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP), the Department of Homeland Security, and other peer-reviewed resources, will be used to generate data. The independent variable will be open borders, while the dependent variables are illegal immigration and drug trafficking. This data will include information from California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. The proximity of these states to the border between the United States and Mexico makes them excellent locations for carrying out research and gathering data (Goneppanavar et al., 2019).

The researcher will use a systematic sampling method to pick files that contain incidents of drug trafficking. The study will use all the data from the peer-reviewed resources, DHS, and CBP databases between the years 2010 and 2021 from the four states (California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas). In order toTo collect data, the four states will need to obtain IRB approval. Data will be analyzed using the SPSS software program. An Analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be performed to prove or disprove to determine the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Based on the p-value, the researcher will determine which hypothesis will be accepted or rejected. Comment by Gabriele Suboch: How do you plan to do this? R

This research is important, especially for policymakers, to evaluate current information and the need for immigration policy changes and enforcing drug trafficking. In addition, it provides an in-depth analysis of illegal immigration and the chain of distribution for illegal drugs in the United States due to the open borders (Izcara Palacios, 2019). The findings would represent a significant advance in comprehending the difficulties posed by open borders and the impact that this has on the illegal trafficking of drugs and immigration into the United States.

Research Questions

The goal of this paper is to evaluate the relationship between illegal immigration, the flow of illicit drugs, and open borders.

RQ1

To what extent, What is the correlation, if any, is there a relationship between illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and open border?

H1o

There is no statistical significant correlation between illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and an open border.

H1a

There is a statistically significant relationship between illegal immigration, drug trafficking, and an open border.

RQ2

To what extent, if any, are open borders promoting illegal immigration and drug trafficking?

H10

There is no significant correlation between open borders promoting r illegal immigration and drug trafficking. Comment by Gabriele Suboch: Your RQ 2 is the same as R1.

H1a

There is statistical significance in the correlation between an open border promoting illegal immigration and drug trafficking.

References

Bauder, H. (2017). Perspectives of Open Borders and No Border. Geography Compass, 9(7), 395-405. https://doi.org/10.1111/gec3.12224

Brydges, C. (2019). Effect Size Guidelines, Sample Size Calculations, and Statistical Power in Gerontology.  Innovation In Aging,  3(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz036

Cha, Y. (2020). Rethinking Illegal Immigrants from a Critical Perspective -Whether or not to Blame Illegal Immigration and the Government Capability to Manage Illegal Immigration-. Journal of Multi-Cultural Contents Studies, 35, 293-329. https://doi.org/10.15400/mccs.2020.12.35.293

Gramlich, J., & Scheller, A. (2021).  What is happening at the U.S.-Mexico border in 7 charts? Pew Research Center. Retrieved 26 August 2022, from https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/11/09/whats-happening-at-the-u-s-mexico-border-in-7-charts/

Hikmatullo Ogli, S. (2020). Regional Mechanisms against Illegal Drug Trafficking. The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology, 02(10), 90-95. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue10-15

Izcara Palacios, S. (2019). Corruption at the Border: Intersections between US Labour Demands, Border Control, and Human Smuggling Economies.  Antipode,  51(4), 1210-1230. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12527

Molobe, I., & Odukoya, O. (2021). The prevalence of drug use and illicit trafficking: A descriptive cross-sectional study of irregular migrant returnees in Nigeria.  Journal Of Migration And Health,  3, 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2021.100034

Miller, R., & Baumeister, S. (2017). Managing Migration: Is border control fundamental to anti-trafficking and anti-smuggling interventions? Anti-Trafficking Review, (2). https://doi.org/10.14297/atr.20171321

Seagren, C. W. (2020). US Customs and Border Protection policy routinely violates stated core values.  Available at SSRN 3674321. https://www.cbp.gov/document/stats/nationwide-drug-seizures

Trac. (2022).  Latest Data: Immigration and Customs Enforcement Removals. Trac.syr.edu. Retrieved 26 August 2022, from https://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/remove/.