policy paper

POLICY ISSUES Poudel

Policy Issues

Policy Issues

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Policy issues are like an act of conceptualization of collective problems that should be dealt with. It mobilizes others on how to solve the problem. In the United State and Texas State of government, the public policy problem that should be examined by this project is environmental policy and air pollution control permitting (Loxham, 2019).

. For the environment to be protected, some laws are set to ensure it is clean. If the environment will not be protected there will be an outbreak of diseases.

The research shows that many people for about 400 000 die from air pollution every year. There also says nine people out of ten are those who breathe air that contains a huge level of pollutants. This pollutant came mostly from industrial sources, and motor vehicles. It also emits from burning biomass, and dust storms. In the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was the attention to which was put on the role that air pollution it is transporting the virus. The research findings are that there is a correlation between the pandemic and air pollutants. Air pollutants have airborne particles assisting viral spread.

The United States has set the objectives to ensure they reduce air pollution. By NAFTA, there is a promotion of the reduction of vehicles which do not comply with respective vehicle emissions standards (Ou, 2020). Another objective of 2020 is to ensure that air pollution is controlled so that they will approach the attainment of the respective ambient of good air quality. They want to maintain the effectiveness of air monitoring networks. They want to reduce emissions through energy efficiency, all renewable energy projects.

In Texas, air pollution has become a big problem causing many deaths. It has been researched and findings show that children here are a risk of suffering from an asthma attack. It is abnormal to see children suffering from asthma but in Texas, 145000 children suffer from asthma attacks per year. This is caused by ozone from industries. It was also clarified that adults are also in danger due to ozone smog from industries. Texans suffer 280,000 person-days of restriction to activities that are linked to breathing.

Air pollution is leading to heart and lungs problem in Texas leading to premature deaths (Li, 2019). The word bank estimated $18 billion in earnings were lost due to premature deaths which were caused by pollutants of air in 2013. A large amount of money was lost in asthma treatment. Texas government has tried to prevent air pollution.

In 2020 the report shows 230,000 adult premature deaths and 280 infant deaths will be prevented (Son, 2020). Air quality standards and environmental prevention policies have helped to reduce air pollution. Individuals have contributed to the prevention of air pollution by reducing fossil consumption and start participating in local energy consumption.

In both the United State and Texas, air pollution has contributed to many deaths. They have not yet settled the problem fully but there are objectives and goals which will drive the government to the prevention of this pollution. Air pollutions should be prevented worldwide to avoid deaths that are not necessary and diseases.

Sources

Loxham, Matthew, Donna E. Davies, and Stephen T. Holgate. "The health effects of fine particulate air pollution." (2019).

Ou, Yang, et al. "Air pollution control strategies directly limiting national health damages in the US." Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 1-11.

Li, Zhengyan, David M. Konisky, and Nikolaos Zirogiannis. "Racial, ethnic, and income disparities in air pollution: A study of excess emissions in Texas." PloS one 14.8 (2019): e0220696.

Son, Ji-Young, et al. "Reductions in mortality resulting from reduced air pollution levels due to COVID-19 mitigation measures." Science of The Total Environment 744 (2020): 141012.