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1. AGROTERRORISM AND FOOD SAFETY

Agroterrorism and Food Safety

Plant and Animal Pathogens (plant-animal- pathogens.html)

The Economic Impact of Crop and Livestock Diseases (economic- impact-of-crop-and- livestock-diseases.html)

Biowarfare Against Agriculture (biowarfare- against-agriculture.html)

The Threat of Agro- Terrorism (threat-agro- terrorism.html)

Motivational Aspects of Agro-Terrorism (motivational-aspects-agro- terrorism.html)

FMD Virus: A Worst-Case Pathogen (fmd-virus-worst- case-pathogen.html)

Introduction: Agro-Terrorism and Food Safety Food and agriculture are key elements of the critical infrastructure of every country because they

provide products that are essential for life. The United States is a country with a highly developed

agricultural sector. Food and agriculture constitute a sixth of the U.S. gross domestic product, totaling

more than a trillion dollars per year, and exports of agricultural products make the largest positive

contribution to the nation’s trade balance. Only about 3 percent of the U.S. population works directly

in agriculture, one of every eight Americans is employed in the processing and manufacturing of

foodstuffs. Residents of the United States spend less than 11 percent of their disposable income on

food, compared to a global average of 20 to 30 percent.

How are food protection and defense defined? - Shaun Kennedy

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Economic Impact of FMD Outbreaks (economic- impact-of-fmd- outbreaks.html)

Response to an FMD Outbreak (response-fmd- outbreak.html)

Preventing Non-Endemic Animal Diseases (preventing-non-endemic- animal-diseases.html)

Research on Non-Endemic Animal Diseases (research- non-endemic-animal- diseases.html)

To Vaccinate or Not to Vaccinate (vaccinate-or- not-vaccinate.html)

Combating FMD: A New Approach (combating-fmd- new-approach.html)

Is FMD Eradication Possible? (is-fmd- eradication-possible.html)

Food Safety and Security (food-safety-security.html)

Economically Motivated Adulteration (economically- motivated- adulteration.html)

Deliberate Contamination of Foods (deliberate- contamination-foods.html)

Source: Cupp, Walker, Hillson (2004), p. 98.

In this era of globalization, the U.S. food supply chain from “farm to fork” is extremely complex (Figure

1). It starts with the nation’s 2 million farms and passes through a total of 167,000 processing and

manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers. About 15 percent of the U.S. food

supply (by dollar value) is foreign-sourced, including about 60 percent of fresh produce and more

than 75 percent of seafood. Because many imported food items are commodity ingredients, they

represent a larger share of consumption than their dollar value would suggest. Potential threats to

the U.S. food supply include natural outbreaks of crop and livestock diseases, the intentional

adulteration of food to gain illicit profits, and deliberate terrorist attacks against livestock, crops, and

food products.

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Implementing the New U.S. Food Safety Law (implementing-new-us- food-safety-law.html)

Conclusions (conclusions.html)

Bibliography (bibliography.html)

2. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: SAFETY, SECURITY, AND ETHICAL DIMENSIONS (../2.-AGRICULTURAL- BIOTECHNOLOGY/INDEX.HTML)

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What are some of the strategies for vulnerability assessment and food defense? - Shaun Kennedy

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