Order 1218450: A & P Chap 1-4

1

A General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Expected Learning Outcomes

• Describe a person in anatomical position.

• Describe how to use the terms right and left in anatomical reference.

• Identify the various planes in which a body might be dissected.

• Describe the appearance of a body presented along various planes.

• Describe the location of the body cavities and identify the major organs found in each cavity.

• List and describe the location of the major anatomical regions of the body.

• Describe the location of the four abdominopelvic quadrants and the nine abdominopelvic regions and list the major organs located in each.

• List and define the major directional terms used in anatomy.

• Describe the location of body structures, using appropriate directional terminology.

• Describe the location of structures of the body, using basic regional and systemic terminology.

• List the organ systems of the human body and their major components.

• Describe the major functions of each organ system.

2

Anatomical Position

• Upright, feet flat on floor, palms forward

• Left vs. Right

Directional Terms

3

Anatomical Planes

• Sagittal – divides the body into right and left parts

• Midsagittal or median – sagittal plane that lies on the midline • All others parasagittal

• Frontal or coronal – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

• Transverse or horizontal – divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Major Body Regions

• Axial Region • Head

• Neck (cervical region)

• Trunk • Thoracic Region

• Abdominal Region

• Appendicular Region • Upper limb

• Lower Limbs

4

Further Division of the Abdominal Region

• Two methods • Four Quadrants

• Nine regions

Body Cavities

5

Membranes of Body Cavities

• Cranial cavity and vertebral canal lined by three layer meninges

• Thoracic cavity has double layer serous membranes with lubrication serous fluid • Parietal and visceral pericardium create pericardial cavity with pericardial fluid

• Two parietal and visceral pleura create pleural cavity with pleural fluid

Membranes of Body Cavities

• Abdominopelvic cavity has double layer serous membranes • Parietal and visceral peritoneum create peritoneal cavity with peritoneal fluid

• Some organs are intraperitoneal • Surrounded by peritoneum and connected to posterior by mesenteries

• Some organs are retroperitoneal

6

The Human Organ Systems