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ADDPRESENTATION.pptx
Attention Deficit Disorders
Presented By
Shazia Malik
Anatomy and Physiology
Stressors in prenatal and early life certainly impact the physiology of ADHD, not just one gene. Number of variants include deletions and duplications of DNA regions related to catecholamine (noradrenergic) neurotransmitter production and control. As a result, ADHD patients have decreased availability of certain neurotransmitters in certain brain regions. Dopamine and noradrenaline (dopamine in ADHD) are needed for optimal brain function, notably for alerting to and maintaining attention, keeping internal arousal at a healthy level, and blocking external distractions. In addition, brain imaging studies have found structural and functional variations in the frontal lobes and subcortical structures of ADHD brain development.
Continue ADHD
Attention deficit hyper
Stressors in prenatal and early life certainly impact the physiology of ADHD, not just one gene. Number of variants include deletions and duplications of DNA regions related to catecholamine (noradrenergic) neurotransmitter production and control. As a result, ADHD patients have decreased availability of certain neurotransmitters in certain brain regions. Dopamine and noradrenaline (dopamine in ADHD) are needed for optimal brain function, notably for alerting to and maintaining attention, keeping internal arousal at a healthy level, and blocking external distractions. In addition, brain imaging studies have found structural and functional variations in the frontal lobes and subcortical structures of ADHD brain development.
What Causes ADHD
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Signs and Symptoms
ADHD-Hyperactivity type
ADHD diagnostic Criteria
Many different problems are associated with ADHD in primary care
Lack of access to Behavioral health
Medication non-compliance
Learning disabilities
Sleeping problems
ADHD NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT
Behavioral interventions are changes to the physical and social environment aimed at changing behavior through rewards and nonpunitive consequences. Positive reinforcement, time-out, reaction cost (withdrawing rewards or privileges when unwanted or troublesome behavior occurs), and token economy are some of the behavioral approaches utilized with children with ADHD (a combination of positive reinforcement and response cost).
Determine therapy goals based on the behaviors that are the most detrimental to the development of the child (. Ensure that the school and home behavioral plans are in sync. Behavioral health consultation; behavioral therapy, which includes parent training, academic training, and social training, can be useful for both parents and children. Repetition of positive reinforcement with limited negative comments, incentive systems (i.e., star charts for younger children, privileges for older children), environmental alterations at both home and school (time out, quiet time), and token economy should all be part of behavioral adaptations (reward for positive, loss of reward for negative behavior). Behavioral therapies should be started with children aged 4–5 years.
Begin behavioral therapies from the age of 6–17 years and consider medication if behavioral goals are not accomplished over time. Collaborate closely with the teacher and the school.
Treatment
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