Revised Draft

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Annotated Bibliography

American Military University

Cynthya Wilson

28 August 2021

Dr. Charles Gregory.

Annotated Bibliography

2. Britto, P. R., Lee, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., ... & Lancet Early Childhood Development Series Steering Committee. (2017). nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389 (10064), 91-102.

Purpose of study: The study analyzed the association between child care and early childhood development.

Methodology: The study was entailed comparing the articles focusing on articles on good child care in different countries and its contribution to a child’s development and comparing the findings with bad child care on child development. Regression on the a number of articles in each category was determined

Findings: Authors urge that in the interventions to enhance the growth of congenital science, families and caregivers need to be assisted in providing nourishing care and protection for children to attain congenital prospective. The findings reveal that child care affects the future development of the child’s cognitive and social abilities.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it compared studies on child care givers and cognitive development of children in different countries. The comparative findings show that care giving has effect on child’s development.

3. Christensen, D. L., Schieve, L. A., Devine, O., &Drews-Botsch, C. (2014). Socioeconomic status, child enrichment factors, and cognitive performance among preschool-age children: results from the Follow-Up of Growth and Development Experiences study. Research in developmental disabilities, 35(7), 1789-1801.

Purpose of the study: The study analyzed how low developmental execution is related with proper well-being and operation throughout the longevity and their effects on children from low demographic levels.

Methodology: The article is a quantitative evidence-based peer reviewed article because the methodology employed was quantitative. The methodology entailed sampling children from low social-economic status and children from high social economic status a comparing them based on differential ability scales.

Findings: The study found a correlation between low socio-economic status and poor differential ability scores. Consequently, the article concludes that healthcare professionals should reinforce home enrichment guidelines and help children with delays in early interventions mainly for children in disadvantaged populations.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant because it highlights how social and economic status influences the development of a child.

4. Dell’Agnolo, C. M., Cyr, C., de Montigny, F., de Barros Carvalho, M. D., & Pelloso, S. M. (2015). Pregnancy after bariatric surgery: Obstetric and perinatal outcomes and the growth and development of children. Obesity surgery, 25(11), 2030-2039.

The purpose of the study: The study analyzed pregnancy results after bariatric operation using a retrospective study evaluating perinatal effects on children's growth and development. By retrospective, it means the study focused backwards by considering the exposures that led to the existing risk.

Methodology: The study relied on cross-sectional methodology, where a retrospective study assessed the obstetric and perinatal upshots of pregnancies in various women after bariatric surgical operations and the growth and development of their children. The method entails data collection using structured interviews as the women were the primary units of analysis.

Findings: The research study showed that children born after the operation have low obesity and have changes in development of speech, and all were affected after bariatric surgery.

Relevance to the topic: The study is relevant to the topic because it notes that the medical operations before conception have effect on the child’s development.

6. França, T. L. B. D., Medeiros, W. R., Souza, N. L. D., Longo, E., Pereira, S. A., França, T. B. D. O., & Sousa, K. G. (2018). Growth and development of children with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika virus syndrome in Brazil. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1990.

Purpose of the study: The study quantitatively analyzes the increase in severe demonstrations and changes in birth defects in newborns after the upsurge of the Zika virus.

Methodology: The study focused cross-sectional study and a quantitative analysis of children born with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. The study entailed finding the correlation between the mental retardation and Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome.

Findings: The study found that children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome are at higher risk of development and retardation than typical children.

Relevance to the topic: The study is relevant to the topic because it reveals that medical conditions influence child’s development.

7. Gauderman, W. J., Urman, R., Avol, E., Berhane, K., McConnell, R., Rappaport, E., & Gilliland, F. (2015). Association of improved air quality with lung development in children.N Engl J Med, 372, 905-913.

Purpose of the study: The study analyzed the functions of lungs in children and determined the associations of enhanced air quality with lung expansion.

Methodology: The study was experimental, it determined the association between the quality of air and lung expansion. The independent variable controlled was the quality of air. Different qualities of air were exposed to lungs to determine the expansion capacity. It was found that children living in environments with poor quality air had lower lung expansion compared to children living in environments with good quality air.

Findings: It was evident that advancements in air standard were related with statistical and clinical positive impacts of lung functioning development in children. The quality of air a child is exposed to have significant impacts on their growth and development.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explains the relation between physical development, specifically lung expansion and quality of air.

8. Guerrero, A. D., Fuller, B., Chu, L., Kim, A., Franke, T., Bridges, M., &Kuo, A. (2013). Early growth of Mexican–American children: Lagging in preliteracy skills but not social development. Maternal and child health journal, 17(9), 1701-1711.

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study was to determine if cognitive trajectories widen between 24 and 48 months. The rationale of carrying out the study was based on quantitative study, which showed that whereas Latino children join kindergarten with social skill that rival white children, they lag behind at 24 mothns in interactive and oral language skills.

Methodology: The study was experimental; a total of 4690 children from Latino and white races were sampled. The change in development between 24 and 48 months for each participant was recorded. The data was quantitatively analysed by regressing race with child development

The findings: The article evaluated lagging in preliteracy skills for children with Mexican – American backgrounds. Advancements in development and social realms transpire unconventionally for children who have Mexican backgrounds, even those brought up in economically low-income families. The study found that Latino children engaged less frequently in oral language compared to their white peers as they progressed towards 48 months.

Relevance to the topic: The topic is relevant because it shows that cognitive development at different ages varies based on race.

9. Hall, K. D., Butte, N. F., Swinburn, B. A., & Chow, C. C. (2013). Dynamics of childhood growth and obesity: development and validation of a quantitative mathematical model.

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 1(2), 97-105.

Purpose of the study: The study aimed at therapeutics ways where children can outgrow obesity without losing weight.

Methodology: The study was experimental; it determined the quantitative mathematical model for outgrowing obesity among children without losing weight.

Findings: The study results showed that childhood obesity development had a significant excess energy intake than in adults. Therefore, among children, they are able to outgrow the condition without losing weight.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the study because it explains how child development can occur without taking drastic medical measures to address health related issue.

10. Kit, B. K., Akinbami, L. J., Isfahani, N. S., & Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Gross motor development in children aged 3–5 years, United States 2012. Maternal and child health journal, 21(7), 1573-1580.

Purpose of the study: The study analyzed the importance of gross motor development in early childhood and how it fosters excellent interplay with the environment. Its motive is to analyze gross motor expertise amid children aged three to five years using a gross motor development

test.

Methodology: A descriptive study method was utilized, which relied on 2012 NHANES National Youth Fitness Survey (NNYFS) data. The survey data incorporated TGMD-2 scores acquired based on the approved protocol. It used information from locomotor and object control raw and age-standardized scores to depict the correlation. Thus, it depended on survey design variables, demographic and weight status for intricate sampling procedures.

Findings: If the motor skills do not administer themselves at the right time, they might never become well. That means the study found that in situations where the motor development do not relate with the environment, then they may not develop normally.

Relevance to the study: The article is relevant to the topic because it associates motor development to the environment.

11. Leve, L. D., Neiderhiser, J. M., Shaw, D. S., Ganiban, J., Natsuaki, M. N., & Reiss, D. (2013). The Early Growth and Development Study: A prospective adoption study from birth through middle childhood. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 16(1), 412-423.

Purpose of the study: The study focused on assessing how family and contextual procedures affect advancements in children; it also examined the interplay with genetic influences.

Methodology: The study was conducted quantitatively using experimental design. The study entailed determining if the poverty and other environmental factors such as nutrition affected how children grew and developed. Children from different environments were assessed developmentally on a numerical scale.

Findings: The study revealed that factors like environment and poverty affect how children grow and are responsible for differences in growth among children of the same age.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant because it shows how the environment affects child development.

12. Li, X., Zhu, J., an, J., Wang, Y., Wu, Y., & Li, X. (2021). Growth and development of children under 5 years of age with tetralogy of Fallot in a Chinese population. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1-8.

The purpose of the study: The article analyzes how developmental heart deficiencies are related with malnutrition designs and growth dementia.

Methodology: The study quantitatively used experimental research encompassing several pediatric patients from one month to five years exposed to corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) at the pediatric cardiology department, among other facilities. There was a complete cardiac exam done for all patients by competent pediatric cardiologists.

Findings: The study found growth retardation is highest during early years. As such, the authors urged that interventions should be administered early to avert the growth and retardation of children from getting severe.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it reveals the growth retardation levels during early years.

13. Lönnerdal, B. (2017). Excess iron intake is a factor in infants' and young children's growth, infections, and development. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 106(suppl_6), 1681S-1687S.

Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate how iron provision through fortifying foods effectively prevents and treats iron deficiency in young children. The author analyzed how iron can have adverse effects on biological systems even when administered in moderate amounts; some of the effects include decreased growth and increased illness.

Methodology: The study was experimental, the control experiment entailed using unfortified foods and conducting experiments on the participants if there was iron deficiency.

Findings: The study found that children who fed on unfortified suffered from iron deficiency. There was a correlation between unfortified foods and iron deficiency.

Relevance to the topic: The study is relevant to the topic because it specifically focuses on the effect of food on physical development.

14. Luo, Y., Zheng, Z., Yang, Y., Bai, X., Yang, H., Zhu, H., & Chen, S. (2021). Effects of growth hormone on the cognitive, motor, and behavioral development in Prader-Willi syndrome children: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

The purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to analyze growth hormone benefits and improvements in children's motor, cognitive, and behavioral development.

Methodology: All these factors can be rectified if identified early. The study used randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to examine the impacts aligned with growth hormones on cognitive, behavioral, and motor development Pander-Willi syndrome children. They were identified after searching EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases.

Findings: The study found that growth hormones affect different developmental aspects.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explains how genes, which influence hormone formation, affect different developmental aspects

15. Mostafavi, S. A., Mohammadi, M. R., Hosseinzadeh, P., Eshraghian, M. R.,

Akhondzadeh, S., Hosseinzadeh-Attar, M. J., & Keshavarz, S. A. (2012). Dietary intake, growth, and development of children with ADHD in a randomized clinical trial of Ritalin and Melatonin co-administration: Through circadian cycle modification or appetite enhancement? Iranian journal of psychiatry, 7(3), 114.

Purpose of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of melatonin supplementation on intake of diets, appetite mechanism and growth of children with disorders cured with Ritalin through modifying the regular cycle.

Methodology: The study utilized experimental design using clinical trial of Ritalin and

Melatonin co-administration

Findings: The authors of the article assert that Ritalin can negatively impact sleep, weight, and growth of infants living with disorders.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explains the effect of supplements on child growth.

16. Nahar, B., Hossain, M. I., Hamadani, J. D., Ahmed, T., Huda, S. N., GranthamMcGregor, S. M., &Persson, L. A. (2012). Effects of a community-based approach of food and psychosocial stimulation on growth and development of severely malnourished children in Bangladesh: a randomized trial. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 66(6), 701-709.

Purpose of the study: The study evaluated the impacts of a community-based perspective of attitudinal pique and augment of diet on the growth and advancement of famished children.

Methodology: the study was experimental, a randomized trial

Findings of the study: The study revealed that psychosocial stimulation and supplementation of food improve the outcome of malnourished children.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it shows how communities can influence children’s growth and development through psychosocial stimulation and food programs

17. Rocha, H. A., Sudfeld, C. R., Leite, Á. J., Rocha, S. G., Machado, M. M., Campos, J. S., ... &Correia, L. L. (2021). Adverse childhood experiences and child development outcomes in Ceará, Brazil: a population-based study. American journal of preventive medicine, 60(4), 579-586.

The purpose of the study: The study analyzed how adverse childhood occurrences and mental health issues are negatively linked to outcomes of child development.

Methodology: The study was conducted in a population and correlation to find the association between mental health issues and future childhood development determined.

Findings: The study showed that most children don't reach their potential development and adverse childhood occurrences were solely related with congenital effects.

Relevance to the topic: The peer reviewed article is relevant to the topic because it links childhood occurrences such as mental health issues to future child development.

18. Shrestha, S., Shrestha, S., Shakya Shrestha, U., & Gyawali, K. (2020). Predictors of low birth weight at Lumbini provincial hospital, Nepal: A hospital-based unmatched case control study. Advances in preventive medicine, 2020.

The purpose of the study: The study focused on determining key factors such as obstetric, socioeconomic, and maternal factors and their association with low birth weight (LBW).

Methodology: The study was quantitatively carried out using a case-control study design. It used several cases and controls during the study.

Findings: Literate mothers have a lesser probability of having low-weight children than illiterate mothers since they protect them against the condition. The mothers' employment status is vastly aligned with low birth weight. Unemployed mothers mostly deliver low birth weight infants.

Relevance to the topic: The article is pertinent to the study topic since it describes the connection between birth weight, obstetric, socioeconomic, and maternal factors for necessary modifications. Low birth weight significantly affects childhood growth and development.

19. Surkan, P. J., Ettinger, A. K., Ahmed, S., Minkovitz, C. S., &Strobino, D. (2012). Impact of maternal depressive symptoms on the growth of preschool and school-aged children.Pediatrics, 130(4), e847-e855.

The purpose of the study: The study aimed at examining how maternal dreary signs affect growth in school-aged children.

Methodology: The study utilized quantitative approach by sampling children born of mothers who had maternal depressive symptoms and children born of mothers who did not suffer from maternal depressive symptoms. A correlation was determined to find the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and growth of children

Findings: The results show that maternal dreary symptoms during childhood impact physical development in early infancy. Prevention, early discernment, and therapy of dreary signs can help children growth without issues in their growth.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it links maternal depressive symptoms to child growth

21. Willerslev‐Olsen, M., Choe Lund, M., Lorentzen, J., Barber, L., Kofoed‐Hansen, M., & Nielsen, J. B. (2018). Impaired muscle growth precedes increased stiffness of the triceps suraemusculotendinous unit in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 60(7), 672-679.

The purpose of the study: The study analyzed the comparison of medial brain volume and the acquiescent rigidity of triceps in growing children from birth up to four years.

Methodology: The study used experimental research where 41 children with cerebral palsy (CP) and 45 notably developing kids were incorporated. It then used a freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to examine the volume aligned with the medial gastrocnemius muscle.

Findings: They found that increased brawn rigidity in infants with disorders is associated with broken and reduced brawn growth. The paralysis of the muscles is among the factors that lead to cerebral palsy.

Relevance of the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explains some developmental issues.

22. Zeng, X., Xu, X., Qin, Q., Ye, K., Wu, W., &Huo, X. (2019). Heavy metal exposure has adverse effects on the growth and development of preschool children. Environmental geochemistry and health, 41(1), 309-321.

The purpose of the study: The study aimed at investigating the associations between lead, chromium, blood, and physical growth and parameters in development like weight, height, and mass index in preschool children.

Methodology: The quantitative study used experimental research where several preschool children were enrolled from a given kindergarten. The research involved taking physical growth and development test, blood sample preparations, and heavy metal analyses for all participants.

Findings: Children exposed to heavy metals have issues in their growth and development, and most have retarded changes.

Relevance of the study: The article is relevant to the topic because it highlights the association between exposure to heavy metals and physical development.

23. Batra, S. (2013). The psychosocial development of children: Implications for education and society—Erik Erikson in context. Contemporary Education Dialogue, 10(2), 249278.

Purpose of the study: The study analyzed how modern societies have made growing up highly complex because of the emphasis they place on children.

Methodology: The study was retrospective in nature, a correlation to determine the association between life pressures such as cost of living, schooling years and child development was done.

Findings: The results assert that the emphasis and pressure society put on children affect their growth and development.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explores how schooling years impact the lives of children in rural and urban areas.

24. DiVall, S. A. (2013). The influence of endocrine disruptors on the growth and development of children.Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Obesity, 20(1), 50-55.

The purpose of the study: The study aimed at unveiling the consequences of endocrinedisrupting composites on infants in reproductive region development and childhood growth.

Methodology: The study relied on epidemiological studies, particularly descriptive epidemiological studies. The studies depicted the presence of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) in young children, adolescents, and pregnant mothers. They also showed a relationship between prenatal endocrine-disrupting compounds exposure and disorder outcome.

Findings: The study revealed that exogenous compounds that affect standard hormone signaling systems are in the modern environment and lead to increased premature births, childhood obesity, and sexual development disorders.

Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it explains how the endocrine system affects child growth

1. Barbuscia, A., & Mills, M. C. (2017). Cognitive development in children up to age 11 years born after ART—a longitudinal cohort study. Human Reproduction, 32(7), 14821488. DOI:  10.1093/humrep/dex102

Purpose of the study: The authors wanted to study how the cognitive progress of children conceived after alternative risk transfer differs from those born in natural conception.

Methodology: The study was experimental in nature; it inferred the relationship between cognitive development for infants after IVF and ICSI. Two-tailed t-tests were employed to determine the cognitive changes for natural conception and that influenced by IVF and ICSI.

Findings: They revealed that cognitive development measures were higher for children conceived with alternative risk transfer than natural conception, and they did well in cognitive and academic skills. Relevance to the topic: The article is relevant to the topic because it highlights how the preconception factors influence a child’s development

2. Goisis A, Håberg SE, Hanevik HI, Magnus MC, Kravdal Ø. The demographics of assisted reproductive technology births in a Nordic country. Hum Reprod. 2020 Jun 1;35 (6):1441-1450. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa055. 

Purpose of the Study: Targeting cases in Norway, the research article focused on answering the socio-demographic characteristics of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Methodology: Simple bivariate analyses and experiments were done to describe the socio-demographic traits of parents who give birth under the influence of ART. Linear probability models were also used to determine the connection between conception and parental income after ART for the duration 2000-2014.

Findings: Parents who prefer ART are likely to be older, with higher levels of education, income and even in stable marriage. Those in the upper quartile were 4.2% points more to have used ART. Additional adjustment for maternal education didn’t change the relationships.

Relevance: The article shows the significance and persistence of social inequalities in the adoption of ART in Norway. The findings depict a clear understanding of ART children and why they grow up in environments of plenty resources and support.

3. Tovo-Rodrigues, L., Schneider, B.C., Martins-Silva, T. et al. Is intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen associated with emotional and hyperactivity problems during childhood? Findings from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort. BMC Psychiatry 18, 368 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1942-1

Purpose: This study is designed to investigate the connection between intrauterine exposure and the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems for minors between 6 and 11 in low income countries

Method: A prospective longitudinal population-oriented study from the Pelotas birth cohort data of 2004 was used. The results were later assessed through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) where cut-off points for the Brazilian population was used. Logistic regression was employed to capture adjusted odd ratio of the study.

Results: The prevalence of emotional complications at 6 and 11 years was at 14% and 20% respectively. For hyperactivity, the values were 13.9% and 16.1% respectively. Associations with phenotypes at both ages was missing for the female gender.

Relevance: The study results inform infant care givers on the effects of intrauterine exposure and the hyperactivity symptoms that are dependent on sex.