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AbdominalPainppt.pptxAbdominal Pain.
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Overview Abdominal Pain.
Abdominal Pain is the pain one feels anywhere between their chest and goring.
Abdominal Pain affects the stomach region or epigastrium more a neuralgic type.
The pain often results into progressive discomfort or various parts of the abdomen such as ribs and pelvis regions.
Such pains may be;
Acute pain which is a condition that require urgent medical attention.
chronic pain which is a real pain that may have existed for more than six months with no signs of physical disorder.
Abdominal pain is a health condition that brings about a lot of discomforts to individuals suffering from such a challenge. There are many causes of abdominal pains. According to recent studies on abdominal pains, it can be said that the main causes of abdominal include infections, internal body inflammations, intestinal disorders, abnormal growths as well as obstruction. If infections occurs at the throat or even the intestines, blood may lead to accelerated rate at which bacterial and other pathogens get into the digestive track causing abdominal pain.
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Review of Anatomy & Physiology
Every one may have pain in the abdomen but not all pains are serious .
Majors parts that may be affected as result of abdominal pain include;
Pancreas.
Small intestines.
Esophagus
Large intestine
Gallbladder
Appendix.
Stomach.
Abdominal pain may affects various part of the upper and lower abdomen. It sometimes the pain may not be severe but progressively, it may be worsens and even lead to development of other complications. It therefore medically advisable that once you feel such pains consider visiting healthcare facility for medical screening.
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Types of abdominal pain
Sharp jabbing pain in the upper right abdomen.
Full body discomfort or malaise with diarrhea or constipation
Uncomfortable bloating.
Cramping or pain with bloody diarrhea
Upper stomach pain.
Sharp pain in the lower right side of the abdomen
General abdominal pain with diarrhea.
General abdominal pain with bloating
ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are identified as predisposing factors to the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that are differentiated by the part of the digestive tract they impact. The cause inflammatory bowel disease is believed to be a complex interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors. Both diseases involve inflammation of respective parts of the digestive tract that cause numerous symptoms, including intestinal bleeding and associated abdominal pain.
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Pathophysiology
Deferent types of abdominal pains are causes by various factors. These are;
Accumulation of gas in the stomach.
Inflammation.
Infections as a result of pathogen invasion.
Menstrual cramps in women.
vasculitis due to constipation or organ injury.
Indigestion after taking food.
Gallstones and gallbladder inflammation.
Pain in the abdomen may come arise from wide range of health conditions affecting a variety of organs. The abdomen is an anatomical area that is bounded by the lower margin of the ribs above, the pelvic bone and the flanks on each side. Even if such pains can arise from the tissues of the abdominal wall that surround the abdominal cavity such as the skin along with abdominal wall muscles, the term belly or abdominal pain generally is used to describe the pain resulting from organs within the abdominal cavity that are beneath the skin and muscles. These organs include the stomach, small intestine, colon, gallbladder, liver and pancreas. Main causes of the abdominal pain may be attributed to menstrual cramps in women, peritonitis, ileus and bowel infarction.
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Symptoms of abdominal pian.
Severe pain
Fever
Bloody stools
Persistent nausea
Progressive vomiting
Weight loss
Skin that appears yellow
Swelling of the abdomen.
Everyone experiences abdominal pain from time to time. Some pains might not be severe but with time if they tend to progressively reoccur within short or long intervals it is often wise to visit clinics for medical checkup. This will provide more understanding on the condition that might be affecting you. Among the symptoms that should be experienced include abnormal weight loss, swelling of the abdomen, fever, sever pains around the abdomen region among a many other symptoms. There various terms that could be used to described such pains, these are, stomachache, tummy ache, gut ache and bellyache. Abdominal pain can be mild or severe. It may be continuous or come and go. Abdominal pain can be short-lived (acute) or occur over weeks, months or years (chronic).
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Symptoms of abdominal pian. Cont.….
abdominal cramping
Bloating
Gas accumulation.
Yellowish skin
Bloody stool.
Abdomen very tender to touch.
Stomach cramps.
Digestive problems are among the primary causes of the most abdominal pain. Human body do not response the same when comes to digestion of deferent types of food. To some people, certain foods tend to promote stomach discomforts leading to chronic pain that may finally result into acute pain if not treated. Discomfort or irregularities in any organ or part of the abdomen can cause pain that radiates throughout the entire area. Pathogens such as Bacteria or viruses c causes infections which are carried by the blood to various parts of the abdomen an aspect that highly predisposes vital organs within the abdominal region to developing inflammations. Symptom s such as gas accumulation, stomach cramps and abdominal cramping send a warning over the infection of various parts of the abdomen and they should not be ignored even if they resolve by themselves.
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Assessments (Clinical Presentation)
When conducting physical evaluation and assessment of abdominal pain, it is medically advised to; Inspect first then, Auscultate, Percuss and finally Palpate.
The following assessment may be done by;
Checking for vital signs
Abdominal exam
Rectal exam
Pelvic exam.
Complete blood count with differential.
Imaging tests to help diagnose the cause of stomach pain
When assessing a patient with acute abdominal pain, the physician should focus on common conditions that may trigger abdominal pain as well as on more serious conditions. The location of pain should drive the evaluation process and the techniques required to collect accurate data from the patient examination. For some diagnoses, such as appendicitis, the location of pain has a very strong predictive value.
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Treatment Approaches
Treatment using antacid drugs will help reduce heartburns.
Cramping diarrhea may be treated using drugs containing loperamide or subsalicylate.
Stomach problems may be treated using painkillers such as TYLENOL®.
Treatment of IBD and breathing challenged can be achieved by using Budesonide.
Camylofin is given to individuals suffering from pancreatitis.
Over the counter Medications
After assessment of the patient on the existing medical conditions that is associated with development of abdominal pain, over the counter medication should consider the side effects of prescribed drugs over the underlying medical condition. A combination of drugs may be used for better results and the most common drugs used for the treatment of abdominal pain include Aztreonam, Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide, Cefuroxime axtetil among others.
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Treatment Approaches cont.……..
Taking a warm bath or using a heating bag.
Avoiding smoking and drinking alcohol
Avoiding difficult-to-digest foods
Lime or lemon juice, baking soda, and water
Avoiding lying down
Ginger.
Mint.
Cinnamon
Cloves
Home Remedies
There are many ways to relieve and perhaps treat abdominal paints using natural ways at the comfort of your home. Drinking enough clean water is among the best approach since it makes the body overcome challenges of indigestion and facilitate other chemical reactions in the body. Foods such as ginger also forms part of natural remedy because they contain chemicals known as gingerols and shogaols that speed up stomach contraction an effect that speed food movement through the digestive system.
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Treatment Innovations.
There many causes of abdominal pain and this one of the aspect that need to be considered before any treatment approach is deployed.
Better and innovating treatment of abdominal pain will entail.
Pain relief using painkillers.
provision of fluid into a vein to rest the bowel and correct fluid lose.
Taking drugs that prevent or stop vomiting.
Fasting until pain subsides.
Reducing intake of tea and coffee.
Use of alternative complimentary therapies.
Self-care is one of the primary approach that could be used by people suffering from abdominal pain to restore their health condition to normal. This approach will involve avoiding taking alcohol, tea and coffee substances that may exacerbate the pain. Also taking mild painkillers such as paracetamol with correct dosage will serve as a remedy to the condition. Finally getting enough rest and adhering to medical instruction will boost recovery process.
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References
Gutierrez, P. (2018). Abdominal pain. Acute Care Casebook, 295-299. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190865412.003.0060
Huizen, J. (2019). 21 home and natural remedies for upset stomach and indigestion. Medical and health information. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322047#Twenty-one-home-remedies
Malik, T. (2020). Functional abdominal pain (Chronic abdominal pain). Practical Chronic Pain Management, 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46675-6_22
WebMD. (2017, May 25). How to treat stomach pain in adults. https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/abdominal-pain-in-adults-treatment
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