DB542E

POLICY MAKING IN AMERICA

Comment by Adam: Hi, Abdirahim, and welcome to the Online Writing Center (OWC).    I cannot edit the paper for you, but I will make some helpful suggestions and point out opportunities for improvement. I cannot point out every instance of every issue, so please take those I do point out and use them as examples of kinds of things you can look for during your revising and editing.  When you see the words “Apply throughout,” this indicates that I will no longer explicitly comment on similar errors. You will need to locate and change other instances of like errors throughout the remainder of your paper.   Be sure to review the Turabian formatting requirements before submitting your paper for final grading. Compare your paper against both the template from your professor and the Liberty requirements for formatting. There is a great online resource for the basics of Turabian formatting at https://www.liberty.edu/academics/casas/academicsuccess/index.cfm?PID=11954.     I hope these comments help!    If you have any specific questions that I did not address here, feel free to email the OWC at [email protected] or schedule a live appointment at https://www.liberty.edu/online/casas/writing-center/ Also, please be sure to complete the Student Satisfaction Survey located at the bottom of your completed request.    Thanks for using the OWC,    Adam S.   Disclaimer: Remember that the OWC is not an editing service. Our comments and suggestions are not exhaustive. Our service is designed to help you recognize and correct your writing so that you can become a better writer. Except where otherwise noted, formatting suggestions follow the latest (9th) edition of A Manual for Writers by Kate L. Turabian.    

Abdirahim Muhumed

Policy-Making in America

Name of Instructor: Comment by Adam: Liberty uses a standard Turabian title page. You can find one ready to combine with your text in the Turabian Template Essentially, the elements in the title page are double spaced and there are some extra carriage returns (i.e. you hit [ENTER] to spaced things out). All of the title page elements should be centered. A few pointers on making a title page. It is easiest just to leave the title page in normal style. Many students are tempted to use Word’s heading styles on the title page but that is just extra work and messes up the spacing. If in doubt, almost everything in Turabian is Times New Roman 12 point black. The style manual is relaxing that, but Liberty retains the preference. The foot notes will be in Times New Roman 10 point black. See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.

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Impact of Faith in Founding America Comment by Adam: First level section headings are centered, boldface or italic type, with headline-style (major words are capitalized) capitalization (Turabian A.2.2.4). See the OWC’s Turabian Headings Guide for additional information and examples. 

During the founding of America, faith played a very significant role for the founding fathers. Take, for instance, Jefferson, who was a Christian and desired to follow Christianity to the core. As a Christian, he believed in doing what was right for humankind. He believed that everyone is obliged to do what is right to other human beings[endnoteRef:2]. However, like Jefferson, he never thought black Americans could have equal rights to Native Americans. Comment by Adam: This is fine…but….leading with the most important idea woud be more powerful. For example: Instead of, During Thanksgiving our family gathers for a meal. You could say Our family gathers for a Thanksgiving meal. The emphasis is then placed in the gathering. There is an excellent worksheet on sentence construction here: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Sentence_Construction.pdf  APPLY THROUGHOUT Comment by Adam: Footnotes for journal articles must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s First and Last Names, “Title of Article,” Title of Journal Volume Number, issue no. (date of publication): page number(s) (Turabian 17.2). For example:    1 John Maynard Smith, “The Origin of Altruism,” Nature 393, no. 1 (1998): 639–40.    See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  Notice that footnotes being with the same .5 inch indent that paragraphs use. WORD calls this a “First Line” indent. Comment by Adam: A footnote belongs at the bottom of the page on which it is referenced (Turabian 16.3.4). Turabian formatting requires footnotes to be normal style and a standard black Times New Roman font size 10 throughout. They are to be numbered consecutively by a superscript Arabic numeral and single-spaced with an extra line between footnotes. They are to be left justified with the first line is indented 0.5”. The authors’ names are given in conventional order, first name first. Use of the abbreviations p. or pp. for page or pages is not needed. See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  Comment by Adam: The footnote generally follows the terminal punctuation of the sentence containing the cited information, unless a specific word, phrase, or quotation is cited mid-sentence. In that case the footnote is cited following any applicable punctuation (Turabian 25.2.1.1). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.    APPLY THROUGHOUT Comment by Adam: Jefferson was the subject. It sounds as if Jefferson is like Jefferson. Should there be another person identified in this paragraph? [2: Hall, Mark David. "America's Founders, Religious Liberty, and the Common Good." U. St. Thomas LJ 15 (2018): 642.]

However, because he was a black man, he was able to overcome this perception. He advocated for others who had ideas like his to disregard them. He advocated for the respect of all humanity irrespective of their religion and ethnicity. This means that Native Americans had to treat even the black people with equality as native America. This was the impact of faith in the founding of America. Jefferson believed that if everyone took at as their initiative to do well to others and do only what is right would have been a good beginning for America as a nation. Comment by Adam: A pronoun - a word such as she, yourself, her, it, this, who, or which - should clearly refer to the word or words it replaces (called the antecedent) elsewhere in the sentence or in a previous sentence. If more than one word could be the antecedent or if no specific antecedent is present in the sentence, edit to make the meaning clear.   Does this refer to the missing character from the first paragraph? Comment by Adam: Na·tive A·mer·i·can /ˈnādiv əˈmerəkən/ Learn to pronounce noun plural noun: Native Americans a member of any of the indigenous peoples of North, Central, and South America, especially those indigenous to what is now the continental US. Be intentional with this term. Native Americans refers to the pre-colonial indigenous tribes. I am flagging this because the American founding fathers were not Native Americans by this definition. The term refers to a specific ethnic group which is another minority.

Jefferson also owned a copy of the Quran when America was being founded. He said that Muslims had equal rights to run for public office just like Christians. Even though he said that he could not advocate America to be left under the control of a Muslim president, they had equal rights just like a person of any religion. This move by Jefferson impacted the founding of America and leadership. For instance, there is a religious qualification used in America today for someone to run for the presidency. This shows that everyone and anyone can run for the presidency. Their religion will not limit them because all of them are treated with the same regard. This is America of choice for anyone and everyone that does not discriminate aspirants of political positions based on their religions. Comment by Adam: Should this have been negated? Comment by Adam: Again, clarify antecedents Them could point to the people or the religions in this sentence.

Hall, Mark David. "America's Founders, Religious Liberty, and the Common Good." U. St. Thomas LJ 15 (2018): 642.

Features of America’s Foreign Policies

Over time, America has evolved along with different foreign policies. The way America practices foreign policies shows that the country is civilized enough even in its exercise of foreign policies. Different features can be identified from how America practices its foreign policies as follows:

Diplomacy is one of these features of American foreign policies[endnoteRef:3]. America advocates its government as a peaceful government with other jurisdictions. To ensure that this is achieved, America used State Department to oversee all the relationships between America and other jurisdictions. This is necessary because it promotes America's image as a peaceful nation that advocates for the peaceful coexist of human beings across the globe. Comment by Adam: Avoid using a phrase or a clause where a single word can express the same idea. For example, instead of “George considered who the murderer was and why he did it,” the correct alternative would be “George considered the murderer’s identity and motive.” Please see the helpful resource on the OWC website at: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Wordiness.pdf.  Comment by Adam: Avoid repeating words or phrases to express the same thoughts or ideas, especially within a sentence or in consecutive sentences. Repeated words are monotonous and imply a lack of understanding of the topic at hand. For example, instead of “Different aspects of a thesis require different expressions, that is, a different word reflecting a different perspective on your paper's theme as it relates to different circumstances.” Consider, “Different aspects of a thesis require their own expressions, that is, a certain word chosen to reflect each individual perspective on the theme as it relates to particular circumstances.” See this helpful resource for more information: https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/word-choice/  APPLY THROUGHOUT Comment by Adam: A definite article is used to indicate a specific or particular noun. For example, instead of "Mary went over to car and got in," or, "Mary went over to a car and got in," the correct alternative would be "Mary went over to the car and got in." This indicates Mary got into a specific car. There is an excellent presentation on articles on the OWC website at https://www.liberty.edu/media/1171/Articles.pdf   APPLY THROUGHOUT [3: Adesina, Olubukola S. "Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy." Cogent Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2017): 1297175.]

The second feature of US foreign policies is agreements on regional security. This is a feature used to represent America as a nation determined to see United Nations coexist with each other without any crisis. This feature implies that America collaborates with necessary institutions to make life and livelihood safe in United Nations that cannot settle differences among themselves. It is a feature that shows the readiness of America to collaborate with a peace-making institution in its exercise of foreign policies. Comment by Adam: Again, this is a term with a specific meaning. There is the organization The United Nations (UN) I think you would be fine using this specifically “the United Nations” (both capitalized and with a definite article) Or generally, as united nations But the capitalization and article need to point the reader in the same direction.

The third feature of America's foreign policies is the international monetary structure. America promotes the development of economic institutions that bring on bond every economy from the world. It advocates for the use of IMF as an infrastructure to realize this policy. Here, America argues that policies of other nations should be designed in a way that allows for international trade between local jurisdictions and foreign markets. Comment by Adam: Clarify here Might be a wrong word (bring of board, maybe) Or wordiness….if you simply mean that the policies bond economies….as in link them. The meanings are close enough I can not differentiate by context…but again, they are not identical.

2 Adesina, Olubukola S. "Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy." Cogent Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2017): 1297175.

America observed this feature in several ways, one by accepting exports from different jurisdictions. On the other hand, American multinational corporations also import in other parts of the world, thus enhancing an environment to promote international monetary structure[endnoteRef:4]. Comment by Adam: Wrong word errors can involve mixing up words that sound alike, using a word with the wrong shade of meaning, or using a word with a completely wrong meaning. Many wrong-word errors are due to the improper use of homonyms - words that are pronounced alike but spelled differently, such as their and there.     For example, “Paradise Lost contains many illusions to classical mythology.” Illusion means "false ideas or appearances," and allusion means "references." Instead use, “Paradise Lost contains many allusions to classical mythology.”     For example, “Working at a computer all day often means being sedate for long periods of time.” Sedate means "composed, dignified," and sedentary means "requiring much sitting." Instead use, “Working at a computer all day often means being sedentary for long periods of time.”     For more information, see this helpful resource on commonly misused words from the writing center. [4: Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier, Hélène Rey, and Maxime Sauzet. "The international monetary and financial system." Annual Review of Economics 11 (2019): 859-893.]

Economic aid is another popular feature of America's foreign policies[endnoteRef:5]. Since World War II, America has been on the lead to aid different jurisdictions and economies. This has been meant to help those who were adversely affected by World War II recover. This feature has been seen, for instance, during this time of the Covid-19 pandemic. America has been at the forefront to donate vaccines to developing nations. This has been to attain a global vaccination level to the extent of defeating the virus. America also issues other aids, such as education, food, nutrition, sports, pharmaceutical aids, and other forms of aids to developing nations. Comment by Adam: Footnotes for books must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subtitle of Book (Publisher’s City, Publisher’s State [unless city is well-known]: Publisher’s Name, Date of Publication), page number(s) (Turabian 17.1.1). For example:    1 Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson and A. Cleveland Coxe, The Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325 (Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 1997), 182.    See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.    Comment by Adam: Many words in English are regularly used with a particular preposition to express a particular meaning. Throwing a ball to someone is different from throwing a ball at someone. Because many prepositions are short and not stressed or pronounced clearly in speech, they are often accidentally left out or mixed up in writing. Check out the writing resources on the OWC website.  [5: O'Leary, Michael Kent. The politics of American foreign aid. Routledge, 2017.]

America’s Policy Makers Learning from America’s Founding Fathers

In my opinion, American foreign policies have largely helped policymakers learn from the past. There is a lot to illustrate from modern policies that were ideally lifted, and these are lessons from the founding fathers of America. One reason America has been able to learn from the past policies is its internal protection. America has been able to rise to a level where it has protected itself significantly as a country. Even though there are internal security issues reported, America has guarded itself against terror attacks. Comment by Adam: Be carefull not to over-qualift your statements. It is your paper. That being said, be careful not to overstate your expertise. There is an area between apologizing and hubris that makes a good tone for a paper. See GrammarBook.com for more information.  Comment by Adam: This phrase is not clear. I will preappoligize, worried this comes across wrong But it sounds like a bad translation. I can vaguely see the idea being expressed but the word choices are not optimal. Comment by Adam: Writers must remember that adjectives are relative to a reader’s experiences. Describing a character as tall without specifying a height allows every reader to imagine a different measurement. Some writers prefer to allow audiences a lot of freedom, but doing so can be dangerous.  amazing / wonderful / etc. - Avoid overstating how special a person, thing, or event is. Romance novels, in particular, overuse these words.  big / small, short / tall - Remember each reader has a unique perspective from which he or she views other people. Give precise descriptions of characters when possible.  all / every - “All” and “every” imply absolute quantities.  perfect - Nothing real is perfect. However, one makes exceptions for perfect scores, perfect angles, and the perfect tense of verbs.  See GrammarBook.com for more information.  Security is also relative to the reader’s experience APPLY THROUGHOUT

3 Gourinchas, Pierre-Olivier, Hélène Rey, and Maxime Sauzet. "The international monetary and financial system." Annual Review of Economics 11 (2019): 859-893.

4 O'Leary, Michael Kent. The politics of American foreign aid. Routledge, 2017.

America has also been able to protect its people from HIV/Aids. Even though there are some cases of HIV, the number of those who are infected has gone down. America has been educating its people expansively on protecting themselves from contracting HIV, among other deadly viruses. America has also been able to protect its population against mass destruction. There has been no mass destruction by security threats or even pandemics. As a country, America has protected its territory sufficiently. Comment by Adam: Good presentation of your argument in this paragraph. Good work including context ,

America has also learned how to promote mutual understanding. America has earned how to advocate for common interests among its people. These common interests enable people to assume their religious differences, ethnic differences and coexist as one. Thus, these common interest advocated by the American government brings cohesion and solidarity among Americans. The US also uses its governmental institution to travel abroad and engage with a foreign audience. This brings understanding between the United States and foreign nations. The overall result for this is running for one dream of togetherness and cohesion between America and its foreign jurisdictions. Comment by Adam: Wrong word Comment by Adam: You can group adjectives with a conjunction The bright and shiney car. ALTERNATIVELY A comma is used between coordinate adjectives. To determine if a comma is appropriate, substitute the word and for the comma. If the and makes sense, then a comma is needed. For example, “Jim had a short happy life.” Try “Jim has a short and happy life.” Since that makes sense, use a comma: “Jim had a short, happy life.” There is an excellent presentation on comma usage on the OWC’s website: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Commas.pdf  Comment by Adam: Words that modify nouns must agree in number with the noun they modify. For example, instead of “these picture,” the correct alternative would be “this picture” or “these pictures.” See GrammarBook.com for more information.  Comment by Adam: William Strunk, in his Elements of Style, offered this thought on efficiency and conciseness in writing:    Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short, or that he avoid all detail and treat his subjects only in outline, but that every word tell.    See the OWC’s website for a helpful article on writing concisely: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/On_Writing_Concisely.pdf  

America has also learned from its founding policies to advance global interests. There are many ways that American policies advanced global interests and human rights are one of them. America has been advocating for a democracy that respects and gives necessary regard to human rights. For instance, there are many contexts of democracy that America advances. This includes but is not limited to multilateral and bilateral diplomacy, foreign assistance, economic sanctions, public outreaches, among others. Comment by Adam: Consider varying the types of sentences used to achieve the desired effect. Short simple sentences attract attention. Compound sentences invite comparison. Complex sentences show relationships and priorities. Compound-complex sentences provide lots of information. There is an excellent worksheet on sentence construction here: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Sentence_Construction.pdf    Comment by Adam: A comma is used before the conjunction preceding the last item in a list or series of three or more items to give all items equal importance. For example, instead of “In the baseball game, Sue got a walk, made a hit and scored a run,” the correct alternative would be “In the baseball game, Sue got a walk, made a hit, and scored a run.” There is an excellent presentation on comma usage on the OWC’s website: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Commas.pdf 

Since America was founded, policymakers have learned how to use democracy to achieve security and prosperity, and stability of the entire world[endnoteRef:6]. America's policymakers have also learned how to advocate against regimes that deny their citizens from electing leaders that they wish to hold offices. Policymakers in America have also learned how to lend a helping hand to new jurisdictions on how to achieve democracy in their own countries. Policymakers in America have also learned how to take government in foreign jurisdictions responsible for human rights. This is a way of ensuring that each government takes it as its initiative to protect its people. Policymakers in America have been at the forefront to protect observance of the rule of law. This is also something that was learned from the founding father and ancient policymakers. Comment by Adam: When a sentence contains a list or series of three or more items, do not join each item with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet). Instead, place commas between all items and place a coordinating conjunction only between the final two items. For example, instead of “For dinner, Ellery wanted fish and broccoli and sweet potatoes,” the correct alternative would be “For dinner, Ellery wanted fish, broccoli, and sweet potatoes.” There is an excellent presentation on conjunctions on the OWC’s website: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Conjuctions.pdf  Comment by Adam: Wrong word Comment by Adam: Be consistent with references. In mostof the paper it has been the group founding fathers (plural) [6: Dunlop, Claire A., Claudio M. Radaelli, and Philipp Trein. "Introduction: The family tree of policy learning." In Learning in public policy, pp. 1-25. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018. ]

America's policies makers have also learned how to advocate for other jurisdictions to understand America's policies. This is manifested in many ways example, by welcoming foreign citizens. America uses the Visa program to welcome home people from other nations. America partners with health ministries in other jurisdictions to eradicate severe death suffered by people with chronic diseases and infections. America is also at the forefront to advocate for green energy and the protection of the environment. Comment by Adam: one word policymaker [ pol-uh-see-mey-ker ] noun a person responsible for making policy, especially in government. Comment by Adam: The phrase “such as” serves to introduce examples narratively For example Many first-year teachers struggle with issues such as time management, classroom management, routines, etc. APPLY THROUGHOUT See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help. 

Compatibility of America’s Approach to Foreign Policies to Christin World Views

In my opinion, the way America approaches foreign policies is not compatible with the Christian worldview for several reasons. One, it is not compatible from a world order point of view.

5 Dunlop, Claire A., Claudio M. Radaelli, and Philipp Trein. "Introduction: The family tree of policy learning." In Learning in public policy, pp. 1-25. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2018.

According to ‘a Christians declaration’ released in 2016, America has tried its best to advocate for morality (Providence, 2016). A Christian Declaration on American Foreign Policy, Comment by Adam: Your paragraph here consists of only one sentence. Proper paragraph development requires a clear topic sentence followed by two or more supporting sentences that substantiate your topic sentence. Either develop this as a paragraph more fully or incorporate the sentence into your preceeding paragraph if appropriate in order to avoid one- or two-sentence paragraphs. There is an excellent presentation on paragraph construction on the OWC website at: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Paragraph_Construction.pdf  Comment by Adam: Footnotes for websites must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: First Name Last Name, Title, Organization, or Website, publication or revision date (or access date if publication or revision date cannot be determined), URL (Turabian 17.5). For example:    1 Richard Morningside, “Georgia County Agrees to Remove Ten Commandments Display from Courthouse,” American Civil Liberties Union, last modified March 4, 2006, http://www.aclu.org/religion/tencomm/ 20163prs20050719.html.    See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.      When no author is given for a website article, the citation begins with the title of the webpage or article (Turabian 17.5). For example:    5 “2013 Annual Meeting,” American Academy of Religion, last modified December 8, 2012, http://www.aarweb.org/Meetings/Annual_Meeting/Current_Meeting/default.asp.    See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help

retrieved from https://providencemag.com/2016/09/christian-declaration-american-foreign-policy/. However, the CVW feels that America has been focusing on single issues, the morality of human rights has been upheld in America as per the Christian world views. America has not protected different cultural institutions sufficiently as per the CWV. Take, for instance, liberal politics in America. Politics are manifested by greed and corruption and the promotion of unacceptable moral degradation concepts, for instance, LGBTQ. Comment by Adam: Abbreviations are allowed for names, titles, or other terms used frequently in your paper. Give the full term on first reference followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. For subsequent references, use the abbreviation consistently (Turabian 24.1.2). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.   Comment by Adam: A comma splice is a specific kind of run-on sentence which incorrectly joins two or more independent clauses using only a comma. The following is a simple example of a comma splice, along with 5 ways to correct it:    Incorrect: Rachel is very smart, she began reading when she was 3 years old.  Method 1: Use a period and a capital letter to separate the clauses into 2 sentences. Rachel is very smart. She began reading when she was 3 years old.   Method 2: Replace the comma with a semicolon. Rachel is very smart; she began reading when she was 3 years old.   Method 3: Insert a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, yet). Rachel is very smart, and she began reading when she was 3 years old.   Method 4: Use a subordinating conjunction to reduce one of the clauses to an incomplete thought. Because Rachel is very smart, she began reading when she was 3 years old.  Method 5: Add a semicolon and a transitional word or phrase (however, moreover, on the other hand, nevertheless, etc.) before the comma. Rachel is very smart; as a result, she began reading when she was 3 years old.    There is a helpful resource on comma splices on the OWC’s website: https://www.liberty.edu/casas/academic-success-center/wp-content/uploads/sites/28/2019/04/Run-on_Sentences.pdf

Policies in America are also not compatible with CVW in terms of respect for human rights. There are many instances where racial minority groups have suffered, yet policymakers have never addressed this sufficiently. The law is eve applied ore ruthlessly to these racial minorities. Therefore, policymakers in America have much remaining for them to address. The government has also not lived to the reputation of the concept of government as viewed by the church. Since government and policymakers are ordained from God, they should not promote any sin. However, policymakers have approved policies that support sins. Comment by Adam: Consider various proofreading methods such as reading aloud, printing the document, or viewing on a different screen. Comment by Adam: The conclusion of a research report is usually a very short section that introduces no new ideas. The conclusion is important because it is your last chance to convey the significance and meaning of your research to your reader by concisely summarizing your findings and generalizing their importance. It is also a place to raise questions that remain unanswered and to discuss ambiguous data. The conclusions you draw are opinions, based on the evidence presented in the body of your report, but because they are opinions, you should not tell the reader what to do or what action they should take. Refer to https://writing.wiscweb.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/535/2018/07/conclusions_uwmadison_writingcenter_aug2012.pdf for further guidance. 

Bibliography: Comment by Adam: “Bibliography” needs to be in normal style and a boldface Times New Roman font size 12, centered at the top of the first page. Double space after (Turabian A.2.3.5). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  Comment by Adam: Bibliographic entries should be left justified, single-spaced, unnumbered, and alphabetized by the first author’s last name. Lines after the first are to be indented .05”. Use normal style and a standard black Times New Roman font size 12. Double space between entries (Turabian A.2.3.5). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help.  Comment by Adam: Bibliographic citations for books must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher’s Name, Date of Publication (Turabian 16.1). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help. For example:     Atnip, Mike. Scenes from the Life of David Zeisberger. Newmanstown, PA: Primitive Christianity, 2005.  Comment by Adam: Bibliographic citations for journal articles must follow Turabian format. In general, it is: Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article: Subtitle of Article.” Title of Journal volume number, issue number (Issue date): page(s) (Turabian 16.1). See the OWC Turabian Format Quick Guide for more help. For example:     Koester, Craig R. “Jesus the Way, the Cross, and the World according to the Gospel of John.” Word & World XXI, no. 4 (Fall 2001): 360-369.  Comment by Adam: Thank you for allowing me to review your assignment today. You have done a good job organizing the sections of the paper. The section on disease control was especially well formed. However, some improvement is needed in sentence structure and word choice. I recommend reviewing the Chart of Citations and Turabian Sample Paper which should be good references as you learn the formatting and improve your writing. Please be sure to complete the Student Satisfaction Survey located at the bottom of your completed request. If you have any additional questions, please contact the OWC at [email protected].  If you would like further assistance with this assignment, schedule a live appointment here or contact us using our live chat feature. Finally, you may avail yourself of the many writing aids on the OWC website.  

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