bluebenu market expansion

REPLASTIC – “Creating new social, economic and environmental value from plastic waste” REPLASTIC

Applicant BlueBenu IVS File no. 9091-00017A Call Grand Solutions 2019 Submitted 21-08-2019 09:34 Funding body Danmarks Innovationsfond

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Contents Application

Appendix A: Figures

Appendix B: Partner motivation

#Appendix C: Key persons including CVs_4#

OV 1 - Partner budget

OV 2 - Key figures

OV 3 - Budget by year

OV 4 - Work packages (WP)

OV 5 - WP salary

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Applicant information Application title

Title REPLASTIC – “Creating new social, economic and environmental value from plastic waste” REPLASTIC

Acronym REPLASTIC

Applicant

Organisation name BlueBenu IVS CVR no. 39950812 Address Diplomvej 373

2800 Kongens Lyngby E-mail [email protected] Telephone no. +4591192531

Contact person

Name Kamila Kunrath Contact e-mail [email protected]

Keywords

Cross disciplinary category Energy, climate and environment

Related UN world goals 6 - Clean water and sanitation

7 - Affordable and clean energy

9 - Industry innovation and infrastructure

11 - Sustainable cities and communities

13 - Climate action

14 - Life below water

15 - Life on land

17 - Partnerships for the goals

Pitch summary

Please describe the most important parts of your project, covering: Quality, Value creation, Execution of the project, Implementation of the results

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REPLASTIC focus on developing a lead technology to treat plastic pollution by reprocessing mixed and dirty plastic waste that currently cannot be recycled, transforming these neglected waste streams into low-footprint crude oil and sustainable petrochemicals. The conversion process is based on a thermo-chemical treatment based on a proprietary adaptation of Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) for plastic processing. We envision the recycling of waste streams from several industries to be recovered into valuable products and further reintegrated in the system, especially plastic waste from the oceans and open environment, aiming to close cycles in order to foster sustainability.

Related applications Not granted

Funding body Amount Decision date

Granted

Funding body Amount Decision date Grant expiry

Under review

Funding body Amount Application deadline Expected decision date

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Quality of research and innovation Aim Give a short description of the specific aim and objectives of the project.

The focus of REPLASTIC is to develop HTL as a commercially feasible technology, to recover mixed plastic waste into valuable products (i.e. sustainable petrochemicals and new virgin plastics) that can be reintegrated in the system through a model of a circular economy. This project aims to foster the development of an operational prototype of an HTL flow reactor, to tackle the commercial use of this technology for the treatment of mixed plastic waste in a continuous flow reactor, which allows scalability. This project aims to develop, over 5 years, the HTL technology for the processing of mixed plastic waste from TRL3 (Experimental proof of concept) to TRL5 (Technology validated in relevant environment). The innovative potential of this technology has not been thought in terms of commercial scaling and business opportunities before.

The purpose of developing this technology is to pioneer the recycling and recovering of mixed plastic waste, minimizing the environmental impact of plastic pollution, saving energy and resources used for the manufacture of new products. In this way, the development of this technology strongly contributes to strengthening Denmark's position as a future cleantech nation in the field of waste management and plastics recycling, developing a solution that provides sustainable value for businesses and society while benefiting the environment, fostering the local economic ecosystem, and reducing the carbon footprint. The project creates value both economic, social and environmental aspects. The operationalization of HTL for plastic processing also contributes to reducing landfilling of waste and CO2 emissions from the incineration of plastics. Furthermore, the project is focused on the reintegration of waste material in the system for recycling and recovery, fostering local circular economy, developing a green industry with jobs in the waste management sector, and minimizing the depletion of natural resources.

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Quality of research and innovation Unmet need Explain the unmet need the project will address, or the business opportunity to be taken advantage of.

Plastic pollution is a growing, global problem that includes chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, plastic debris, and the spread of invasive organisms in nature such as oceans and lakes, and where the presence of plastic debris, in particular, has received a lot of attention lately. Globally, about 260 million tons of plastics were discarded after use in 2016. Of this waste, 16 percent was collected for recycling, 25 percent was incinerated, and the remaining 59 percent was landfilled, taken to unmanaged dumps, or leaked into nature (Innovation Fund Denmark and McKinsey & Company, 2019). Every year, 8.8 million metric tons of plastic waste is dumped in the oceans each year. Just in the EU, 150.000 to 500.000 tonnes of plastic waste enter the oceans yearly. The potential cost across the EU for coastal and beach cleaning was assessed at almost €630 million per year, while the cost to the fishing industry could amount to almost €60 million, which would represent approximately 1% of total revenues of the EU fishing fleet (in 2010). Around 70% of the marine litter in the Baltic Sea is plastic waste with difficult demands for recycling due to degradation, contamination, and costly sorting processes (Jambek et al., 2015).

In Denmark, plastic pollution is relatively low when compared with least developed nations, however public and private entities are still lacking the infrastructure and technology to manage and recirculate after-use plastics. More than 1,000 tons of plastic are annually collected on the Danish West Coast (Innovation Fund Denmark and McKinsey & Company, 2019). In the City of Copenhagen, over 20,000 tonnes of plastic waste from household streams are considered completely unrecyclable independently of collection and management issues (Plastic ZERO, 2012). It is estimated that 40,000 tonnes of plastic waste is incinerated in Copenhagen every year, producing an estimated amount of 24.000 tonnes of CO2 emissions and does not reintegrate the material into the system (Plastic ZERO, 2012). The City of Copenhagen alone corresponds to more than 10% of the total per capita incineration of plastic waste in Denmark. Fossil CO2�emission by incineration of plastics is calculated in the range of 250�600 kg CO2/ton of waste (Fellner et al, 2007; Larsen et al. 2013, Fuglsang et al.2014). Based on these values, the social cost of carbon in Denmark runs around 15 million US dollars per year, as a measure of the economic harm the impacts of emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Sylvan 2015; Environmental Defense Fund, 2017). Improper plastic disposal and incineration promote greater exposure to toxins and health impacts near plastic production sites (Van Jones, 2010), while non-recyclable and non- combustible waste (such as PVC, asbestos, and insulation materials) are usually landfilled if no other method is considered environmentally acceptable.

Processing of plastics is not so easy and the sorting process is a crucial factor in determining recyclability. The most friendly way is to recycle after selection and cleaning, but only particular plastics can be used and the materials degrade in quality until the point where is no longer possible to recycle. It is not simple to distinguish the different types of plastics from each other. Plastics must be separated into a special plant that is capable of recognizing the different types. Furthermore, the best way to sort is by hand, which is overall very expensive and became a global problem after China stopped receiving recyclable waste in 2017.

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Traditional recycling methods and waste management systems are not able to recycle most of the material rescued from the oceans and open environment due to the characteristics of the waste. Contamination and degradation (by sea salt and UV radiation) of the mixing of polymer types makes difficult to separate and recycle marine debris, and generate secondary plastics streams of limited or low technical and economic value (Geyer, Jambeck, Law, 2017).

The idea behind this project is the development of an HTL flow reactor, and the establishment of a business service regarding recovering the unrecyclable fraction of plastic waste that cannot be recycled by traditional methods, producing low-footprint crude oil and sustainable petrochemicals for a circular economy. The development of this technology in a flow reactor will allow economic feasibility and scale- up capability through the continuous production of non-fossil crude-oil from mixed plastic waste. The HTL flow reactor for plastic waste can be implemented as Modular Production Units (MPUs) in small and large facilities for servicing the treatment of unrecyclable plastic waste streams. In this way, the development of HTL for plastic recovery in a flow reactor has the potential to unveil a whole new chapter in terms of waste management, plastic pollution, and CO2 reduction, and circular economy.

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Quality of research and innovation State-Of-The-Art

Despite several initiatives for treating plastic pollution such as beach cleanups and waste collection, the state of the art solutions to these problems are uneconomical, impractical when used in rural communities and/or present an ecological hazard. Furthermore, no commercially available recycling technologies are able to recover and reintegrate mixed, degraded, or contaminated plastic waste into the system as a circular economy. There is also a lack of business models and methodologies that can allow for the sustainable collection, handling and further processing of plastics such as marine litter and non- recyclable waste fractions.

Although, no current method of mechanical plastic recycling is able to feasibly process degraded or mixed and dirty plastic waste, the waste-to-fuel conversion process can be developed for chemical recycling of hydrocarbons and organic materials. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) is a thermo-chemical process developed and studied in the field of sustainable energies for the transformation of biomass feedstocks into biocrude or biodiesel (Gollakota et al., 2018). Despite the very established research field on HTL, the use of this technology for the processing of plastic waste is in its very early stage. The theoretical model behind the use of HTL for the recovery of plastic waste is supported by the scientific publications that conducted lab-scale experiments and showed positive results. However, very few academic publications report the use of this technology for the treatment of plastics, with the first publication in this regard in 2017. Initial experiments in batch reactors have shown the technical viability of converting plastic feedstock back to its original petroleum form through Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) (Pedersen & Conti, 2017; Chen et al., 2019).

The depolymerization process of HTL resembles the method of pyrolysis, which is the main current method used for plastic-to-fuel conversion. Pyrolysis is the most similar technology to what we are developing, but as an incineration process, they still have to pay close attention to getting cleaned waste into the system. The conversion process to be developed in this project focus on the liquefaction of waste rather than incineration, allowing the recycling of dirty and unsorted plastic waste (and other carbon- based materials) that cannot be processed by traditional methods.

Several technical challenges are present in the development of technologies for plastic recycling, and considerably large adaptations are needed in order to design and implement a reactor capable to process mixed plastic waste and organic matter simultaneously, which results in a chemically rich crude- oil and flammable gases. The treatment of mixed plastic waste through HTL is not yet available in the market and differs from existing technologies by being able to process mixed polymeric materials through a smart, clean, and sustainable process with a zero-waste approach. The innovative potential of this technology has not been thought in terms of commercial scaling and business opportunities before.

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Quality of research and innovation Describe your scientific and commercial competitors Name the most important scientific or commercial competitors, competing on e.g. technology development or market application.

Our main competitors for the treatment of plastic waste are: a) incineration plants (focused on energy production) such as Copenhill, and b) Plastic-to-fuel companies that uses Pyrolysis and Gasification as main technology such as Quantafuel.

Other hydrothermal liquefaction projects are also being developed worldwide, however to our knowledge only one major player (Licella) may be approaching the market in the following years. Competing alternatives for waste management at this level are only landfilling, incineration of municipal solid waste, and pyrolysis of plastics. Landfilling is a complete no-go in terms of environmental disposal of waste. Incineration is a common process of burning waste and by doing so not only CO2 is emitted into the atmosphere but also various toxic gasses are also released. Pyrolysis on the other hand, requires clean and sorted plastics to work properly and is not suited as a technology for mixed waste.

As far as we know, we are the only company focused on the commercial use of HTL as a technology to treat unrecyclable plastic waste. In the Danish market, incineration plants are the main responsible for the treatment of unrecyclable plastic waste and provide heat and energy. Our innovative and unique solution focused on resource recovery, being the missing link for the circular economy of unrecyclable plastics by producing sustainable petrochemicals that can re-enter the market as virgin feedstock. Please see Figure 1 in Appendix A for an overview of the competitive market in Denmark.

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Quality of research and innovation Strategic relevance of the project Describe how the aim of your project relate to both the unmet need and the state of the art, including competing solutions.

Denmark constitutes a special environment for innovation and the development of technologies and services. The entrepreneurial environment and the danish culture is proven to be very open to climate actions, Circular and Blue Economy. Denmark already has strong recycling and waste management culture which can be considered a role model for many major cities globally. However, due to the technical challenges regarding traditional recycling methods, mixed material selection such as marine litter and other low-value strains of waste are simply sent to incineration - which turns out to be a very large amount of material that face end-of-life, and still has the potential to be transformed for new use.

The strategic objective of REPLASTIC project is to develop a technological solution for the material recovery/recycling of mixed plastic waste streams to be integrated in local waste management ecosystems fostering a circular economy of plastics. The project focuses on fulfilling the current need for a flexible and clean technology that is able to address the global challenges regarding the fractions of plastic waste streams that currently cannot be recycled by traditional mechanical recycling processes. The innovative potential of this project relied on making use of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Waste (HTL) as a basic technology, to be developed and adapted into a commercially feasible thermo-chemical process for the recovery of mixed plastic waste feedstock.

The unique technological advantages of using HTL for the treatment of plastic waste resides in the capability of processing mixed and contaminated (dirty) feedstock, with no pre-step of sorting and cleaning. This characteristic of the process makes it cheaper and faster than other processes. Furthermore, the byproduct of this process comes in the form of crude-oil allowing the production of new sustainable petrochemicals such as high-quality virgin plastics, recirculating non-recyclable resources into new valuable products, saving fossil natural resources, reducing carbon footprint and emissions. The byproducts can be easily reintegrated into already existing refining infrastructure, which allows local refineries to incorporate a fraction of biocarbon into their existing production lines.

The prototype of a flow reactor into a modular and container-sized production unit (MPU) is one of the outcomes to be developed from this project. The characteristics of the envisioned technology enable decentralized implementations, even beyond Denmark. The MPU is a new way of thinking production plants, which is especially interesting for emerging markets that do not have such established infrastructures. The modular units would enable, therefore, the technology implementation even in remote areas, and emerging countries. Hence, this project is also relevant to enhance the Danish position as a green-tech export country, fostering an unconventional business model that promotes locally implemented circular economy and the creation of job positions in the waste management sector. Therefore, REPLASTIC project can actively contribute to strengthening Denmark's position as a future environmentally driven technological nation in the field of plastics recycling and management by

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providing a unique solution to currently neglected waste streams, while fomenting sustainable values among the stakeholders and promoting international collaborations.

The REPLASTIC project aims to promote further engagement of Danish and international stakeholders, and consolidates a future implementation of this technology in Denmark. In this way, several local entities have been contacted and have shown great interest in becoming future partners, therefore becoming part of a circular plastic economy environment. Therefore, the technology to be developed in this project has the potential to close many gaps in the Danish waste management system for plastic waste. Yet, further strong commitments depend on the development of the REPLASTIC project prior to closing even further collaborations. Examples of possible partnerships with the implementing of the project:

a) The Copenhagen municipality and Sydhavn recycling center would be willing to become a supplier of the non-recyclable fraction of their plastic waste streams, for the transformation into new products, therefore, closing the material loop.

b) The Fisherman association in Denmark in collaboration with Danish Harbours would be willing to become a supplier of plastic waste/marine litter rescued from the maritime environment due to fishery activities.

c) The maritime industry has shown interested in purchasing and testing sustainable, low-sulfur crude oil produced from the conversion of waste, and therefore, aiming the reduction of the environmental impact caused by the shipping industry.

d) The Novo Nordisk Innovation Center for Biosustainability have expressed interest in supplying mixed plastic waste from laboratories.

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Quality of research and innovation Describe your project and methods See Appendix A – figures, pictures and tables

The REPLASTIC project also contributes to the consolidation of actions towards reducing global plastic pollution and carbon footprint, in an industrial setup. The production outcomes of waste recovery will be sustainable petrochemicals, high-quality virgin plastics, and new products fostering the development of local industrial ecosystems, job creation for highly skilled professionals, and collaboration between universities and local business. Furthermore, it promotes danish technological development and foster innovation in the waste management and circular economy sectors, mobilizing several stakeholders. This in turn ensures the sustainability of the project results and the continuous efforts in both research and industrial environments towards the circularity of waste streams with environmental, social and economical impact. The success in development this technology can become a game changer in terms of sustainability for both companies and society, also benefiting the environment.

REPLASTIC project can engage the danish business environment in order to promote a circular and greener society, opening many doors for national and international partnerships that empowers the sustainable economy of plastics and explores the full potential of materials. Please, check figures 2 and 3 to visualize the potential of this project in building a circular plastic economy environment and its positioning in the existing value chain.

The long-term strategic objective of the project is to develop a circular plastic economy and industrial symbiosis by managing diverse non-recyclable plastic waste streams with a high tech thermo-chemical recovering process in a feasible industrial asset. The project’s expected impact will be achieved through International cooperation, the dissemination of the project outcomes, further implementation and commercialization of the technology. Please check the figure 4 to visualize the overall technology method. In order to reach these ambitious objectives, REPLASTIC project includes the following companies and institutions:

1) BlueBenu is a Danish startup company, currently based in Denmark and the head leader in the REPLASTIC project. The company’s business model is set on three pillars of sustainability (Economic, Environmental, and Social) as well as on the concept of waste management and resources recirculation, towards a circular economy. BlueBenu was approved by the StartUp Denmark Scheme from the Danish Business Authority in June 2018. Recently, the company reached the finals at the Nordic Cleantech Open (Malmo, SE), and the National Startup Competition from Venture Cup (Copenhagen, DK), is a participant in the DanishTech Challenge, participated in several international acceleration programs and was featured on Forbes and several media articles and reports, such as Bootstrapping.dk and Nordic Cleantech Open Top 25 best and most innovative new clean technologies and ideas from the Nordics and the Baltics, being recognized for its innovative approach towards waste management.

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2) SurfCleaner AB is a Swedish SME that has developed a patented technology to collect and separate pollutants floating on the water surface. The separator technology is based on the principle of collecting both the carrier fluid and the top layer substance, and is able to clean water bodies from light viscous petrochemical products (diesel, oil etc.), to sludge and debris (microplastics, plastic debris etc.). The company recently won the Nordic Cleantech Open (May 2019) and a range of international customers are now lined up and waiting for the validation of the new concept where the system is adapted to collect marine litter.

3) UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE (UNEW) is a Higher Education Institution in the United Kingdom. It is a member of the prestigious Russell Group, which represents the UK’s top 24 universities which are committed to maintaining the very best research and outstanding teaching and learning experience. There are currently 28,669 undergraduate and post-graduate students registered on full-time and part-time courses at the University. UNEW employs a total of 6,276 staff. In the REPLASTIC project, UNEW will involve its Chemical Engineering Department. The Chemical Engineering Department is part of the School of Engineering in the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering (SAgE).

The REPLASTIC project aims for two major outcomes: a) The development of a recovery technology for mixed and dirty/contaminated plastic waste; b) Strategic understanding of the characteristics of plastics recovered from the environment. The REPLASTIC project is structured in four phases over a period of 60 months. Each phase is focused on the development of specific tasks distributed between the partners as four Work Packages, in accordance to each partner core competency. The project will implement the following actions:

- Technology development & product quality: This action is part of WP2 and focuses on the development of equipment design, prototypes, and reactor optimization. The final goal is the development of a functional flow reactor for waste processing, as well as the initial production of commercial-grade crude-oil that can be refined in sustainable petrochemicals.

- Feedstock collection and characterization: This action is part of WP3 and focuses on the collection and characterization of waste streams rescued from natural environments such as rivers and oceans. The final goal is the development of a deeper understanding of the characteristics of materials exposed to degrading conditions and the capabilities of the technology for its recovery. A final report or scientific publication will be disseminated providing information on the material characteristics of plastics from mixed waste streams.

- Process optimization and depolymerization methods: This action is part of WP4 and focus on the scientific support for the research and development aspects of the project. The activities within this WP will be developed as an industrial PhD project in partnership with Newcastle University in the UK. A final report or scientific publication will be disseminated providing information on the optimization processes for chemical reactions during depolymerization and the use of catalysts.

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The strategic objective is supported by the following sub-objectives:

- In depth study of mixed plastic feedstock from local markets and rescued from nature

- Evaluation of materials property and behavior under thermo-chemical recovery treatment

- Production of commercial quality crude-oil and petrochemicals from waste

To achieve these objectives, REPLASTIC project will implement the following actions:

- Collection and characterization of waste streams rescued from markets and natural environments;

- Experimental studies of material depolymerization and recovery

- Development of equipment prototypes and reactor optimization

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Value creation Value creation

- Describe the estimated and expected value creation of the project in terms of quantitative and/or qualitative measures, based on expected launch or implementation into society.

- Decribe the expected value creation in the specific project in terms of quantative and/or qualitative measures

- State how the value will be created over time. With reference to the placement in the value creation section, which implementation, business or sales model do you expect will be relevant and optimal?

You should make it absolutely clear where your project is positioned in the value chain. Will the project terminate at a specific value inflection point, which will be attractive for the next investor or project recipient? A value inflexion point is a plateau in the value chain, where the value has changed significantly. This could be after finishing e.g. a proof of principle study, a prototype, an animal toxicity study. The value inflexion point is often coinciding with the TRL or SRL.

An investment from Innovation Fund Denmark shall ultimately result in significant value creation in the form of growth, employment or solutions to societal challenges. Note the value creation resulting from the project and the innovation can also be more broardly described in the form of e.g. domestic or export revenue, new permanent jobs reduced cost for society, reduced environmental or resource foot print, improved quality of life, optimised processes, etc. Please note that examples of measure or specific assessment criteria may be stated in the specific calls.

REPLASTIC project envisions all waste streams as resources that can be recovered into valuable products and be reintegrated in the system through circular economy, thus reducing the amount of waste to be burned and landfilled. Furthermore, the project engage danish business and startup ecosystem into international and cross-sector collaboration towards innovation as well as in line with the UN-SDGs (sustainability goals) as well as other environmental policies. This developmental lens aligns with the national goals for reducing CO2 emissions and plastic waste incineration in Denmark, creating strong political value.

The project has a potential for bridging the current gap in the market regarding mixed plastic waste fractions and in this way to create a large amount of technical jobs. We also believe that this project can promote further development of new technologies for recovering plastic waste and collaboratively support environmental education, climate actions and innovation, also by connecting and making a network with initiatives working with diverse projects into plastic’s collection, sorting, and recycling technologies. A possible patent registration, as an outcome of this project, enables the creation of a technology licensing system that can engage different stakeholders types within the society and create a consistent flow of knowledge, innovation and pioneering technology for the circular economy of plastics in Denmark.

Through this technology, customers engage in reducing global pollution, promoting circular economy (figure 5), contributing to global environmental policies, negotiating carbon credits, and enhancing public relations. REPLASTIC promotes collaboration and partnership in order to solve a global problem, once the type of feedstock process by this technology empowers the continuing cleaning up of the environment and the recovery of marine life.

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Value creation Intellectual property rights If relevant, describe if and how the project results should be protected. Also, intellectual property barriers or relations to others’ intellectual properties must be described, including e.g. a brief summary of your freedom to operate analysis. Also, state if the methods chosen give rise to intellectual property problems or opportunities. A first overview of the patent landscape of the technologies to be used would be appreciated.

REPLASTICS aims to develop an HTL flow reactor for mixed plastic waste technology. To our knowledge, the patent of such technology does not yet exist in the three main patent regimes, the European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent Office (USPTO) and the Japanese Patent Office (JPO). Therefore, this project offers the possibility to patent a new process and technology. This opportunity translates into economic benefits and amplifies the business opportunities related to the project.

Since this project is a result of the collaboration between three partners, concerns regarding the technology ownership has arisen on the early stages of the project elaboration. Two partners are directly and heavily involved in the process of knowledge creation, BlueBenu and Newcastle University. Hence, the technology ownership will remain with these two partners. The details and percentage of ownership was not yet defined. To further ensure the technology secrecy through the project development, a non-disclosure agreement will be signed among the three partners.

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Efficiency of project execution Operational work plan incl. WP and deliverables

- Provide an outline of the overall structure of the work plan. - The project’s critical paths can be explained here, including important work package dependencies.

Following definitions may be helpful: - A work package or WP is a group of related tasks within a project and can be thought of as sub projects

within a larger project. - ‘Deliverable’ means a distinct output meaningful in terms of the project’s overall objectives and constituted

by a physical item, a prototype, software, a technical diagram, or an activity benefitting society etc. preferably, the deliverables should have well defined acceptance criteria, defining the transfer to the next work packages or as a final outcome from the project.

- ‘Milestones’ mean control points in the project that help to chart progress. The quantitative milestones may correspond to the completion of a key deliverable, allowing the next phase of the work to begin. They may also be needed at intermediary points so that, if problems have arisen, corrective measures can be taken. A milestone may be a critical or ‘go/no go’ decision point in the project, where e.g. the project group and project steering committee must decide which of several technologies or solutions to adopt for the further development or eventual closure of the project.

The REPLASTIC project has 60 months duration and four work packages (WP): Project Operations Management (WP1); Experiments and Prototyping (WP2); Feedstock Management (WP3); Process Optimization and depolymerization methods (WP4). Each of the WP is coordinated by one partner, accordingly to the partners' core competencies. The WP1 and WP2 are coordinated by BlueBenu, the WP3 is coordinated by SurfCleaner and WP4 is coordinated by the University of Newcastle. Please check the REPLASTIC’s Gantt chart on the excel file.

REPLASTIC project will deliver the following outputs:

- Report and scientific publications on material characteristics from mixed waste streams

- Collection of approx. 50-100 tonnes of plastic waste

- Development of a functional HTL prototype flow reactor and required equipment for continuous processing of 2kg/h. The final prototype equipment is expected to be able to treat 40 kg of plastic waste per day and produce 30L of crude-oil per day.

- Production of 100 kg-size samples of crude-oil at a commercial quality grade that can be refined into sustainable petrochemicals and submitted to customer evaluation

The main result from the project will be the functional prototype of the HTL flow reactor as well as the evaluation and recovery of marine litter. However, the exact amount will depend on the current conditions and feedstock quality, making it important to be able to test it on several different feedstock samples.

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WP1 - Project Operations Management

The main functionality of this WP is to provide efficient financial and project management during the 60 months of this project. Meaning the administration of the project’s financial resources, and the continuous tracking of the milestones and interdependency among the other work packages.

The tasks related to the WP1 includes stakeholder management, escalation point for any project deviation, financial administration, WP interdependencies management, project traceability reports for the steering committee every semester, monthly meetings with the work package leaders in order to identify progress and problems, and the tracking of the lessons learned and best practices.

Based on the tasks above, the project operations management group is responsible for providing three essential outputs for the project running. Firstly, a yearly financial statement, and a yearly financial expenditure plan, in order to secure the proper use of monetary resources and its correct distribution along the project timeline and partners. In total, the group will elaborate four-yearly financial expenditure plans, three yearly financial statements of the previous year, and the final financial report for the entire project in 2024.

Deliverables: the WP1 team is responsible to elaborate yearly financial and developmental reports, keeping track of the project development and ensuring all partners have the necessary conditions to perform the tasks of each WP. For doing so, short internal reports will be collected from each WP coordinator and evaluated by the Project Leader. WP1 is responsible for the elaboration of semesterly project’s evaluation and assessment memo, which will be the main source of information diffused to all partners, steering committee and team members. This method will enable better tracking of the project through its different phases of WP2, WP3, and WP4.

WP2 Experiments and Prototyping

The project scope of the experiments and prototyping work package is technology development and product quality. The main deliverable of WP2 is the product development, this means a functional HTL flow reactor for waste processing, enabling the production of commercial-grade crude-oil that can be refined into sustainable petrochemicals. This WP is further divided into five phases with different durations and milestones: Pre-treatment of commercial grade plastic to meet the reactor requirements; Experiments on Batch Reactor; System design and process simulation; Experiments on flow reactor; Upscaling and results implementation.

WP3 Feedstock Management

The project scope of feedstock collection and management relies on the characterization and availability of collected materials from the open environment. The main deliverable of WP3 is the elaboration of an in-depth study of mixed plastic feedstock from local market and rescued from nature. The feedstock management team will be responsible for the collection, categorization of the material characteristics from mixed waste streams. The team will also be the project feedstock supplier after the conclusion of

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the phases 1 and 2 of the WP3. The WP3 is divided into five phases with different durations and milestones:Preliminary feedstock collection system; Waste Collection Experiments; Material Characterization and Assessment of mixing levels; Supply Structure; upscaling.

WP4 Process Optimization and depolymerization methods

The core competence of this WP is on the chemical engineering field. The WP4 has two main goals, first to work very closely with the WP2 team by providing valuable knowledge about materials properties and behavior under thermo-chemical recovery treatment. Second, to publish a scientific publication of flow catalysts and chemical reactions. The WP4 is segmented in five phases: State of art; Preliminary experiments; flow process & simulation; flow assessment & optimization; upscaling.

Please check Appendix B for further descriptions.

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Efficiency of project execution Governance and leadership Describe the governance model, and how the project will be managed

The REPLASTIC project has three levels of management.

The steering committee (SC) is composed of one member of each project partner. It represents the high-level of project governance. The SC will determine how the success of the project will be measured by the other levels, and if needed selected some areas to prioritize within the execution plan.

The project management office (PMO) is composed of the project leader and the administrator. Their main responsibility is to monitor and control the activities of the work packages to ensure alignment with the charter. The PMO is also accountable to ensure that all the work package teams have sufficient conditions and resources to perform their activities.

Work Package leaders (WPL) where each partner is responsible to execute the WP activities in accordance to establish governance plan, manage the progress and performance of the governance plan, and effectively report the outcomes to the PMO.

Readines levels

Technology readines level (TRL) State the project's expected start and end Technology readiness levels. Definitions (Link)

Score Comments

3 - 5

Societal readines level (SRL)

State the project's expected start and end Societal readiness levels (SRL). Definitions (Link)

Score Comments

3 - 5

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Efficiency of project execution How will you define and manage the risks of the projects? Identify, assess and prioritise the most important risks in the project with reference to the listed milestones.

Through our risk analysis is possible to evaluate the strategies and actions that will take place in order to grow as a project based on eco-fuel production & product development. Risks and mitigation actions refer to three spheres:

Technical (rate 1): For the production of the eco-fuel a strong technical expertise is needed in order to deliver a clean and waste free process. In order to mitigate this risk, we will also add new technical expertise in our team if needed and make strong partnerships with labs to support our R&D.

Political (rate 2): Since the fuel market is well established by traditional big companies, there could be barriers for a new project to enter this market. In order to mitigate this risk, we want to work closely with our customers and establish relationships, aiming to differentiate us from the traditional companies.

Economical (rate 3): The fossil fuel can be sold for a cheap and competitive price, which give us a challenge to compete in the market. In order to mitigate this risk, we offer more than economic benefits to our customers by leading towards the sustainable goals of current legislations.

To be well aware of unforeseen circumstances in the unlucky event of one of the partners dropping out of the project precautions are being set. Besides the risk mitigation in the three spheres, it is important to anticipate any risks related to the technology development phase, mainly related to WP2 and WP4. Further information on the specifics forseen risks can be submitted upon request.

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Efficiency of project execution Describe legal, ethical or regulatory demands, the project might encounter

This project is run within the European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity based on the values of reliability, accountability, honesty and respect. All partners are responsible for the integrity of the technology development and knowledge production. During the 60 months, all project phases will be carried out in a transparent, fair, full and unbiased environment.

Moreover, the project complies with regulations and safeguards procedures related to technology development. REPLASTIC technology is focused on the chemical conversion of waste through high temperature and pressure processes into chemical products and energy, that if optimized can be competitively efficient, however the working environment conditions can be dangerous and appropriate safety systems are necessary especially for large scale implementations. Thus, the project is developed within the following legislative framework:

REACH Legislation : (EC) No 1907/2006 and (EU) 2018/675

The Waste Framework Directive (EC) 2008/98

It is important to highlight that, in some countries, such as Italy there are certain regulatory restrictions in vigor that limit certain waste streams to be chemically processed. However, this is not the case for Denmark, the UK nor Sweden.

Additionally, during the initial phase of the project, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency is going to be contacted to provide the information and guidance regarding the use of chemicals and adherence to chemical- related regulations.This project has no other concerns, neither dual-use concerns, or genetic material and data management concerns.

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Implementation of results Project outcome beneficiaries/recipients Who will benefit directly or indirectly from the project’s outcome after the investment period? Who will use, invest in or own/manage the project outcome once the investment from Innovation Fund Denmark has ended?

REPLAST will produce three main outcomes: 1) A trustworthy analysis of material quality and characteristics of plastic waste recovered from the open environment; 2) A recovery technology that is able to process mixed and unsorted plastic waste into new commercially valuable products; 3) Scientific report and publications pioneering experimental knowledge development in the field of chemical engineering for plastic recycling with HTL.

The project outcome will benefit society and business related to the plastic economy. Furthermore, the knowledge developed under this project will improve both science and technology relates to the use of HTL for processing plastic waste and will produce a working lab scale reactor. Lastly, an analysis of the most feasible upscaling development will be produced. Positive results during this project could considerably speedup the development of minimal viable product, and the implementation of a business focused on servicing out a resource for promoting circularity for plastic waste in local economies. The successful commercialization of this technology, in future steps, would benefit and disrupt the recycling industry; with even the possibility of introducing a rewarding return system for mixed plastic waste to which the consumer could draw benefit and support the cause. An increased recycling incentive will most of all have a positive impact on the environment where less waste will be disposed, incinerated, or landfilled; and less CO2 emissions and Carbon Footprint will be resultant.

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Implementation of results Implementation Describe how you will implement the results of your project

The project outcomes will be used for the development of a circular plastic economy in Denmark and Europe. We aim to first pilot the technology as a waste management facility providing a service for municipalities and companies looking for a sustainable way to dispose their waste.

The pilot plan envisions the construction of a modular production unit (MPU) to process plastic waste. This is a modular and container-sized production unit, which is cheap and easy to implement. Also the decentralized character of this MPU is a business model innovation when compared to the existing supply chain structures of the energy industry or the plastic industry, which are characterized by big and centralized production plants.

Besides, the research and development processes, optimization activities are integrated as fundamental aspects of our business. Further stakeholder engagement from local businesses (such as retail shops, maritime industry, laboratory waste, etc) and civil society will be a core part of the business. A full implementation of the technology will integrate into the current infrastructure as part of the waste management of the local area. The waste will be processed and 4 major products will be synthesized, namely: oils, flammable gasses, bitumen and a water solution. The oils and bitumen can be readily sold on the market to refining and construction industries, however we plan to further upgrade those streams into new polymers, fuels and singas. The water effluent will be recirculated into the reactor. Finally the flammable gasses will be burned onsite to produce heat and power; this process is temperature dependant and therefore by controlling the temperature also the production of heat and power can be adjusted to the specific power grid needs and balancing it, which in turn provides a safer power supply.

For Surfcleaner: At the end of the project they will have a scientific catalog of the types of plastics. Therefore, they will be able to analyse how to create different plastic segments in the market, enabling the selling of these different types of plastic for a specific demand.

For Newcastle University: at the end of this project, they will be able to present into conferences and to publish scientific articles about the depolymerization of plastic waste and get an industrial PhD student focused on the topic during the timeline of the project.

For BlueBenu: after the project, the knowledge acquired will be published as an open access catalog enabling knowledge spillovers beyond the project.Also, BlueBenu will get the ownership of the built reactors and will continue to work on the reactor and its potentialities for a circular economy within plastic waste management.

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For Denmark, within the end of this project, it will have an enhanced position in the internal and international stakeholders as a green high tech country, that enables the development of innovative solutions on the circular economy of plastics and plastic waste management.

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Implementation of results Financial gearing Describe how you will attract other financing

We believe the pre-seed funding from Innovation Fund Denmark will enable us to complete the prototype development phase, where a working product will be created. We will also use the funding to build operation team to carry out the pilot phase, where commercialization plans of the working product are developed and tested, and initial user cases are built, which will pave the way for early-stage success of the company. Further investment will derive from proven working product and pilot results.

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Appendix A: Figures, pictures and

tables

State the numbering, title, brief figure description and the most relevant section of the application form, relating to each figure.

This front page template and all one-page figures must be compiled according to the numbering, into a single PDF document and attached the application. The front page is not included in the 5 page limit.

Figure no. Title Brief description Related section of the application

1. Competitive Market in Denmark

Existing competitors in the Danish market Competitors

2. Partnership for Impact Possibilities of the technology’s integration within the society and its relation with the SDG

Strategic Relevance

3. BlueBenu in the Value Chain

An example of how the REPLASTIC’s technology fits in the existing value chain

Strategic Relevance

4. Conversion Process An overview of the plastic waste conversion into new products

Project and Methods

5. Business model of Circular Economy

The creation of a circular economy of plastic in the Danish environment

Value Creation

6 Organizational Structure

Task division by level of Management Project Governance

TABLE no. Title Brief description Related section of the application

1 Project Structure for Governance of working packages

Key persons Operational work plan incl. WP and deliverables

2 WP1 Operations & Deliverables

WP1 Report schedule Operational work plan incl. WP and deliverables

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Figure 1

Figure 2

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Figure 3

Figure 4

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Figure 5

Figure 6

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Table 1. Project Structure for Governance of working packages

Project Partners BlueBenu SurfCleaner Newcastle University

Partner location Denmark Sweden UK

Steering Committee Kamila Kunrath Mikael Andersson Ahn Phan

Project Leader Sarah Lasso - -

Work Packages WP1 WP2 WP3 WP4

WP leader BlueBenu BlueBenu SurfCleaner Newcastle

WP coordinator Luiza Abritta Zorica Simin (to be confirmed) Albert Kravos

Table 3. WP1 Operations & Deliverables

Project Year Y1 - 2020 Y2 - 2021 Y3 - 2022 Y4- 2023 Y5 -2024

Yearly report x x x x x

Assessment x x x x x x x x x x

Internal report x x x x x x x x x x

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Appendix B: Partner motivation

Describe each partner’s key competences and motivation in relation to the project activities. List the partner’s number from filled in budget file (xlsx).

Partner (name and no.) Key competences and motivation

BLUEBENU BlueBenu is the manager partner of the project. In the past year the company has been being part of European mentorship programmes, which help the company to build strong competences on circular business models and project management. The company’s Chief board is also a great mix of competencies from PhD in product design to chemical engineer. The start-up also has a team of chemical engineers specialized in biofuels and thermochemical conversion. The main objective of the company is helping to build a world that runs entirely with green energy, enabling a better future for the upcoming generations. This is the main motivation not only for the project, but for the company existence.

SURFCLEANER Surfcleaner core competence is to effectively remove a wide variety of contaminants from water, including oil, diesel, petrol, sludge and plastic litter through its own technology. The company therefore, secure the necessary feedstock supply to run the project. The company also has a skilled team for litter characterization. The company motivation is to contribute for oceans clean-up, and to sustainable growth paths. Besides, the company sees the project as an opportunity to better characterize the water contaminants and create a new market for plastic litter. Hence enabling a value creation for waste and providing incentives to increase the collection of plastic waste streams in both Sweden and Denmark.

NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY The Newcastle University has a strong School of Engineering at international level. It has a specific programme on Chemical Engineering with focus on advanced thermochemical conversion, biofuel processing and reactor engineering and process intensification. The main motivation of NCL joining the project is to be part of the development of a lead technology for the conversion of waste streams into biofuels and petrochemicals. Besides, the NCL has strong interests in enhancing its number of scientific publications in the area.

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Appendix B: Partner motivation

2

Further description of activities in relation to partners competencies: WP2 Experiments and Prototyping

WP2.1 (6 months of duration): Pre-treatment of commercial grade plastic to meet the reactor requirements

This phase aims to research the foundations of the process regarding material granularity and decomposition prior to the reaction. This process will provide fundamental information in order to calibrate the measurements for all the following experiments. The milestone of this phase is to develop an optimum method for controlled granularity, able to achieve a consistent amount (approximately 100gr) of homogenous grade plastic powder.

WP2.2 (12 months of duration): Experiments on Batch Reactor

The main goal of this phase is to produce a database of HTL of plastic products as a function of pressure and temperature. This phase includes experiments with commercial grade virgin plastics, as well as the material collected and categorized by the feedstock management team (WP3), working in parallel with experiments realized at the Newcastle University. The objective is to merge and compare the results obtained in the other WP to have a comprehensive and large database for degraded and mixed materials, also including fractions of organic matter. At the end of this phase, the team will be able to evaluate the chemical process and reactions of this methods, as well as the probabilities of a specific type of plastic to bottleneck the system, and if so, introduce methods to minimize its negative effects.

WP2.3 (18 months of duration): System design and process simulation

In this phase, the team will develop the flow reactor system design, process simulations and equipment prototyping. The reactor design will depend on the calculation and results of phase 2.2 and the acquired knowledge from Process Optimization and depolymerization methods (WP4). The milestone of this phase is the optimal configuration for a feeding system, preheater and reactor chamber, considering the turbulent flow of superheated water, thermodynamics, flow dynamics and establishing the optimal mixing system configuration. Manufacturing of electronic and mechanical components might be due to subcontracting and external supply.

WP2.4 (18 months of duration): Experiments on flow reactor

This phase encompasses the assembling and testing of the final design and product manufacturing for the HTL flow reactor for plastic waste. The main goal is to deliver a functional prototype and a technical-economic report analysis of the technology developed until this phase. Furthermore, in this phase, is expected the production of samples of commercial quality grade crude-oil, as well as the analysis of refinery process and petrochemicals production. Heat and energy transfer will be fine tuned with the oil and gas production in order to achieve self-sustaining capabilities for the equipment. Experiments will be developed with the knowledge basis built in the prior phases of this project and supported by the activities of WP3 and WP4. Several rounds of optimizations might be required in order to achieve an expected functionality of the equipment.

WP2.5 (6 months of duration): Upscaling and results implementation

The goal of this phase is to evaluate all the technological development from throughout this project and produce a scalability report. This analysis aims to define the further possibilities for bringing this technology to a fully commercial level, as well as to provide guidelines for the implementation of the results achieved in this project through the definition of a feasible pilot plan system.

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Appendix B: Partner motivation

3

WP3 Feedstock Management

WP3.1 (6 months of duration): Preliminary feedstock collection system

At this stage the WP3 team aims to explore methods for retrieving plastic waste from the open environment, based on the current implementations and hardware equipment provided by SurfCleaner. This stage focuses on the development of a feasible method for collection of plastic waste from water bodies. The collection system is based on the already existing technologies adapted for retrieving marine litter. The manufacturing of the collection system will take approx. 8 weeks and involve internal staff from SurfCleaner as well as an external expert which will help with the construction of the machines.

3.2 (12 months of duration): Waste Collection Experiments

The WP3 team will proceed with collection tests that will be conducted at 2-4 test sites with different conditions. This includes 4 key parameters: shallow and deep coasts and sand or rocky seabeds. The prototype machines will be initially tested in areas around Gotland, the largest island in the Baltic Sea, in order to fully evaluate the capabilities of the system and its impact on marine life, and on the community. The tests will involve collection of approx. 30-50 m3/ day (the amount naturally vary depending on the conditions during the tests) of both human litter (i.e. plastics etc.), seaweed and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). The system will be powered by solar energy and should be able to cover ~2000m2 surface area, when anchored in one fixed location. This stage is important since the better we know the feedstock characteristics and flows, the better we can do the technology design of the process and have high quality results.

3.3 (12 months of duration): Material Characterization and Assessment of mixing levels

In WP3-3.3 the team will be working on the identification and characterization of waste from samples of marine litter collected in the previous phase. This includes material identification, separation, and assessment of contamination levels. The material evaluated in this phase will compose a database of possible feedstock and compositions to further supply the HTL recovery process. Level of degradability and contamination will be accessed in this phase and provide crucial information for WP2-Phase4 regarding contaminants and the chemistry to be considered in the reactor design.

3.4 (12 months of duration): Supply Structure

This phase focuses on developing the collection system and characterization work as feedstock supply structure with reliable material flow. This phase will also include the monitoring and evaluation of the technology’s impact on sea animals and the biotope at the test sites. As well as costs for transportation and handling of collected litter, which will be vital input for the business model. It will also involve a LCA & LCC and offer input for the study on the socio-economic impact of the project actions on the local economy and population.

3.5 (6 months of duration): Upscaling

The purpose of this phase is to evaluate the technological development from throughout this project and produce a scalability report. This analysis aims to define the further possibilities for bringing this collection system to a fully commercial level as a reliable feedstock supplier, as well as to provide guidelines for the implementation of the results achieved in this project through the definition of a feasible pilot plan system.

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Appendix B: Partner motivation

4

WP4 Process Optimization and depolymerization methods

4.1 (6 months of duration): State of art

At this stage the WP4 team aims to deliver a comprehensive assessment of the existing competing technologies that can be applied to plastic waste recycling. After this assessment the team expects to conclude the HTL is a feasible and competitive solution.

4.2 (12 months of duration): Preliminary experiments

The team will perform preliminary experiments with different types of plastic. Assessing the optimal pre-treatment process for the feedstock. This includes experimental studies of material depolymerization and recovery. It is an important step, since the knowledge gained will be essential for the execution of the Batch reactor phase of WP2. The deliverable of this phase is a pretreatment system able to produce homogeneous plastic powders from the plastic feedstock. The team also expects to characterize plastic powders, slurries and pretreatment operations.

4.3 (18 months of duration): flow process & simulation

This phase includes process design and modeling. The goal is to deliver a mathematical model of the process that describes the physical and chemical characteristics of the reactor and reactants in the system. Then, the team will be able to achieve an assessment of the adequate mixing, thermal diffusion and residence time.

4.4 (18 months of duration): flow assessment & optimization

The objective of this phase is to produce a list of optimal working regimes, considering the combination of different temperatures, pressures, flow rates and different types of plastics to be transformed. Based on this data, the team also aims to analyze possible further improvements in each of those working regimes. Ideally at the end of this phase the team will have at least one functional working regime.

4.5 (6 months of duration): Upscaling

Last phase is to work together with the other teams to provide innovative solutions for the efficient upscaling of the technology.

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Appendix C: Key persons

Describe the competences, motivation and commitment in relation to their importance of up to ten key individuals for the successful execution and completion of the project.

This template and all relevant one-page CV’s must be compiled according to the numbering, into a single PDF document and attached the application.

No. Title of the keyperson

Name of the keyperson

Partner name Expected time spend on project (months)

Qualifications

1 Steering Committee Member

Kamila Kunrath

BlueBenu 60 Kamila is the CEO of BlueBenu and currently project manager at NordicBan. She holds a PhD in technology and innovation management by the Danish Technical University and a master’s degree in materials engineering (polymeric nanocomposites). She is the main contact of the project and is 100% committed with its entire duration.

2 Project Manager

Sarah Lasso BlueBenu 60 Sarah has 6 years of experience in project management and product development with innovation. She is currently concluding her Ph.D. thesis in technology innovation management at DTU. She holds a master’s degree in Business Management with focus on entrepreneurship and start-ups. Her expertise as project manager will enable the correct tracking and REPLASTIC project’s traceability.

3 WP1 Coordinator

Maria Luiza Abritta Moro

BlueBenu 60 Maria holds a master’s degree in economics by the Université Sorbonne Paris Cité. She has experience with stakeholder management and knowledge on project management software tools. Her knowledge on econometric and financing modelling will help the consortium to deliver well structured financial reports and have a great financial resources management.

4 WP4 Coordinator

Albert Kravos Newcastle University

60 BSc in chemistry with lab experience on organic, inorganic and polymeric reactions and product analysis. MSc in Sustainable Energies and Specialization in Biofuels, with biorefining, fuel emissions, industrial bioreaction engineering, gasification of bio-material and feasibility and LCA of industrial projects and products.

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Appendix C: Key persons

No. Title of the keyperson

Name of the keyperson

Partner name Expected time spend on project (months)

Qualifications

5 WP2 Coordinator

Zorica Simin BlueBenu 60 Zorica holds a master’s degree on Engineering technology with focus on pyrolytic lignin upgrading by catalytic hydrotreatment. She has knowledge on sustainable resources and specific conversion techniques to obtain valuable biochemicals.

6 Steering Committee Member

Mikael Anderssin

Surfcleaner 60 Mikael holds a MSc in Industrial Engineering and has extensive experience as CEO within several industries with international focus. He has been the CEO of 7 companies of different sizes and in different industries, among others ÅAC Microtec, Scint-X, Novator, Åkerströms and Svecia International. To SurfCleaner, Mikael brings his proven ability to define and implement structural changes

7 WP3 Coordinator

Olof Svenonius

Surfcleaner 60 Olof holds a MSc in Engineering Physics and has a strong background in product development, project management, manufacturing and international product management. He has in-depth experience with products relying on advanced optical, electronic and mechanical content, including demanding software requirements. With his broad industrial background, Olof is the ideal person to structure and lead SurfCleaner’s project organization.

8 Steering Committee Member

Anh N. Phan Newcastle University

60 Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at Newcastle University. Her research areas lie in the fields of biorefining for energy, fuel and chemicals, waste to energy, waste management, process intensification via reactor engineering and novel technologies. She has published more than 40 international peer- reviewed journals and coordinated 8 research projects.

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WORK EXPERIENCE

BUSINESS DEVELOPER | BLUEBENU, DENMARK 04/2018 - Current CEO & Founder of a CleanTech startup developing a lead technology for

plastic recycling and circular economy.

• Sealed €500.000 in technology development opportunities by collaborating with manufacturing partners.

• Developed new business opportunities by effectively communicating the technology to leading international corporations.

• Finalist on 3 major startup competitions in 2018.

Project Management Business Development Entrepreneurship

Innovation Agile Methods Team Management Public Speaking

PHD FELLOW | TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK 02/2015 – 02/2019 Researcher on Management Engineering - Technology & Innovation, Engineering Professionalism and Professional Identity Development.

• Awarded grants of over USD 170.000 for international project

• Founded and coordinated of TIM PhD Group, a biweekly discussion forum with external lectures and events that improved students' engagement

• Co-Supervised of a MSc project awarded maximum grade.

• Visiting researcher at TU Delft, in the Netherlands

Project Management International Project Grant/Funding Education Academic Research

Team Leadership Qualitative methods Problem-Solving Events Organizing

RESEARCH ASSISTANT | UNIVERSIDADE FEEVALE 04/2014 – 12/2014 Researcher on Eco-Design and system reintegration of polymeric materials into

new products from/to the local footwear industry.

• Research of the fundamentals of material circularity for local industry

• Article presented in Local conference (INOVAMUNDI 2014)

• Monitoring of sessions at INOVAMUNDI 2014 conference.

SECRETARY & INTERIOR DESIGNER | LA PIETRA MARMORARIA 03/2010 – 03/2012 Administrative tasks & Customer Services, Interior Design Projects.

• Scheduled all appointments, appearances and briefings.

• Processed payroll and conducted daily accounting on all finances.

• Managed a wide variety of customer service and administrative tasks to

resolve customer issues quickly and efficiently, including Interior Design

projects.

Sales Accounting Budget Planning Customer Services Human Resources ArquiCAD

EDUCATION 2015 - Feb 2019 | PhD. Management Engineering – Technology & Innovation Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Mar 2012 - Mar 2014 | MSc. Materials Engineering – Polymeric Materials Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)

Mar 2006 - Dec 2010 | BSc. Industrial Design Universidade Ritter dos Reis (Uniritter)

KAMILA KUNRATH Birth date: 20/09/1988 Phone: +45 91192531 [email protected] LinkedIn l Website

SUMMARY Tech-savvy Project Manager versed in all aspects of project planning and execution from inception to completion. Comprehensive background includes 10+ years developing diverse projects. Trained extensively in design and engineering fields.

SKILLS & ABILITIES • Results-oriented • Extremely organised • Natural Team Leader • Strong verbal communication

LANGUAGES Portuguese, Native English, Professional Spanish, Intermediate

EXTRA ACTIVITIES Analog & Digital Photography; Scrapbooking; Playing Ukulele; Traveling; Vegetarian Cooking

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WORK EXPERIENCE

PROJECT MANAGER | BLUEBENU, DENMARK 04/2018 - Current CEO & Founder of a CleanTech startup developing a lead technology for

plastic recycling and circular economy.

• Sealed €500.000 in technology development opportunities by collaborating with manufacturing partners.

• Developed new business opportunities by effectively communicating the technology to leading international corporations.

• Finalist on 3 major startup competitions in 2018.

Project Management Business Development Entrepreneurship

Innovation Agile Methods Team Management Public Speaking

STARTUP PROGRAM MANAGER | TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK 02/2018 – 02/2019 Helping startups grow in a healthy way.

Project Management International Project Grant/Funding Education Academic Research

Team Leadership Qualitative methods Problem-Solving Events Organizing

EDITORIAL ASSISTANT | BRAZILIAN BUSINESS REVIEW 2013 – 2015 Fundação Instituto Capixaba de Pesq. em Contabilidade, Economia e Finanças - Fucape Business School (Brazil)

• Text editing

• Storytelling

• Continuity monitor

MENTOR FOR ENTREPRENEURS| SHELL INICIATIVA EMPREENDEDORA 03/2014 – 03/2015 Mentor for upcoming entrepreneurs.

• Scheduled all appointments, appearances and briefings.

Sales Accounting Budget Planning Customer Services Human Resources ArquiCAD

EDUCATION Oct 2015 - Curent | Management Engineering PhD Student Research Project title: Uncertainty perception in product development Supervisors: Philip Cash, Jaap Daalhuizen and Melanie Kreye Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

Sep 2012 - Mar 2014 |Master of Business Management Fundação Instituto Capixaba de Pesq. em Contabilidade, Economia e Finanças - Fucape Business School (Brazil) Feb 2006 - Dec 2009 | Bachelor Degree in English Literature Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (Brazil)

SARAH VENTURIM LASSO Phone: +45 22 21 66 15 [email protected] LinkedIn

SUMMARY Co-founder & Project Manager

@BlueBenu | Plastic Pollution |

Business Development | Innovation |

CleanTech

SKILLS & ABILITIES • Technology development • Results-oriented • Market assessment • Manegment

LANGUAGES Portuguese, Native English, Professional

EXTRA ACTIVITIES Home gardening, Biomaterials,

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WORK EXPERIENCE

MARKET ANALYSIS INTERNSHIP | BLUEBENU, DENMARK 02/2018 – Current Tasks

• Identifying possible suppliers and customers to enable BlueBenu’s business system

• Designing partnership projects with potential suppliers

• Ellaborating a qualitative assessment of the market opportunities for the BlueBenu’s technology

PROTOCOL OPERATIONS SPECIALIST |

ORGANISING COMMITTEE FOR THE RIO 2016 OLYMPIC GAMES 05/2016 – 10/2016 I worked in the International Dignitary Programme (IDP) designed to welcome Head of States and 300 Sport Ministers attending the Rio Olympic

Games (2016)

Tasks

• Liaison with key Brazilian stakeholders and the international diplomatic corps to create strategic partnerships.

• Working day-to-day in the IDP’s office responsible for untangling all issues related do dignitaries visits and for liaising with functional areas within the committee and external stakeholders, such as the Brazilian Foreign Affairs Ministry, Ministry of Sports and the Brazilian Federal Police.

UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP |

CENTRE FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH (CEPES) 02/2012 – 04/2013

CEPES is a research centre responsible for the development and release of socio-economic indicators for the Uberlandia municipality

EDUCATION 2016 - 2018 | MA in Economics Economic Analysis and Policies (Double Degree) Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (Paris VII and Paris XIII), Department of Economics Università degli Studi di Torino, Department of Economics and Statistics (ESt/UNITO) 2011 - 2015 |BA in International Relations (UFU) Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Economics (IE/UFU) University of Coimbra, Faculty of Economics (FEUC), (Guest Student/ 2013- 2014)

MARIA LUIZA ABRITTA MORO Phone: +39 36 69 76 53 59 [email protected] LinkedIn

SUMMARY I am an international relations and economics graduate with recent experience in market research in the energy sector. I have experience with aggregated data management and analysis and conducting both qualitative and quantitative assessments.

SKILLS & ABILITIES • Excel - advanced • R - intermediary • Tableau- intermediary • Ucinet – advanced

LANGUAGES Portuguese, Native English, Professional

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WORK EXPERIENCE

CO-FOUNDER AND CTO| BLUEBENU, DENMARK Feb 2018 – Current

• Managing international business and technology development on

behalf of BlueBenu with partnership member Spike Renewables

Managing interns at the technical branch of BlueBenu

• Acceleration program for startups at Design Terminal, Budapest.

PROJECT RECRUITER AT DTU SUSTAIN CONFERENCE, DENMARK 2017

REACTOR DESIGNER AND EXPERIMENTATION, DTU, DENMARK 2016-2017

• Reactor designing and lab experiments and analysis

• Electrochemistry and chromatography

EDUCATION 2014 - 2017 | Master of Science in Engineering Technology Department of Sustainable Energy, Specialization in Biofuels, Danish Technical University Master’s thesis: Development of a system for electrochemical production of ammonia and its analysis: Ammonia synthesis in nitrogen saturated aqueous solution by applying potential on submerged electrodes 2008 - 2013 | Bachelor of Science in Chemistry University of Trieste, Italy

AWARDS • Koper’s scholarship for talented students

ALBERT KRAVOS Phone: +45 91 85 89 51 [email protected]

SUMMARY

BSc in chemistry with lab experience on organic, inorganic and polymeric reactions and product analysis. MSc in Sustainable Energies and Specialization in Biofuels, with biorefining, fuel emissions, industrial bioreaction engineering, gasification of bio-material and feasibility and LCA of industrial projects and products.

SKILLS & ABILITIES • MS Office • Python • Matlab • Strong verbal communication

LANGUAGES English: Fluent Slovene: Fluent Italian: Fluent

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WORK EXPERIENCE

INTERNSHIP | BLUEBENU, DENMARK Feb 2018 – Current Main responsibilities:

• Exploratory studies on determination of optimal process parameters for the Hydrothermal liquefaction process (HTL) of mixed plastic waste using supercritical water

• Budget calculation and process design on the equipment needed for the future laboratory and pilot experiments

NIS GAZPROM NEFT, OIL REFINERY IN PANČEVO, SERBIA July – Aug 2016 Acquired knowledge regarding:

• water management (chemical treatment techniques for process and fresh make-up water) and process units used for the chemical treatments

• insight on process water streams through a whole refinery system

• main equipment for cooling of process water (cooling towers) Initiated and taught a short training session for operators

July -Aug 2015

• Introduced to API separators, atmospheric and vacuum distillation

units

• Acquainted with domestic (Velebit, Kelebija) and foreign crude oil types (Brent Blend, Arab Light, etc.) and the distribution of oil through primary stages of the refining processes

EDUCATION 2015 - 2017 | Master of Science in Engineering Technology Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Master’s thesis: Exploratory studies on pyrolytic lignin upgrading by catalytic hydrotreatment Feb 2017 - July 2017 | ICM Erasmus + program (Exchange student) University of Groningen, The Netherlands Main responsibilities:

• Planning and execution of hydrotreatment experiments of pyrolytic lignin using batch reactors

• Sample preparation and laboratory analysis (variety of chromatographic techniques coupled with TCD, MS and FID detectors, Karl Fischer titration, etc.)

• Evaluation (OriginPro and Excel) and presentation of results 2010 - 2015 | Bachelor of Science in Engineering Technology Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Serbia Bachelor’s thesis: Effect of catalytic reforming working conditions on product quality and mathematical model sensitivity

ZORICA SIMIN Phone: +45 31891216 [email protected] LinkedIn

SUMMARY I am passionate about sustainable energy resources and waste-to-energy technologies. My education and international experience gave me a chance to achieve viable technical and analytical skills. International experience enriched me with the knowledge regarding sustainable resources and specific conversion techniques to obtain valuable biochemicals. I gained experience with instrumental analysis using different gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy techniques, ftir and titration techniques.

SKILLS & ABILITIES • Results-oriented • Extremely organised • Natural Team Leader • Strong verbal communication

LANGUAGES Danish: Beginner English: Fluent Russian: Intermediate Serbian: Native

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CEO EXPERIENCE

Mikael holds a MSc in Industrial Engineering and has extensive experience as CEO within several industries with international focus. He has been the CEO of 7 companies of different sizes and in different industries, among others ÅAC Microtec, Scint-X, Novator, Åkerströms and Svecia International. To SurfCleaner, Mikael brings his proven ability to define and implement structural changes, and to commercialize and boost sales in entrepreneurial businesses.

MIKAEL ANDERSSIN LinkedIn

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CPO EXPERIENCE

(Chief Project Officer) – Olof holds a MSc in Engineering Physics and has a strong background in product development, project management, manufacturing and international product management. He has in-depth experience with products relying on advanced optical, electronic and mechanical content, including demanding software requirements. Before joining SurfCleaner, Olof was the CTO at Scint-X, a company with technology to enhance the image quality of x-ray detectors. With his broad industrial background, Olof is the ideal person to structure and lead SurfCleaner’s project organization.

OLOF SVENONIUS LinkedIn

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RESEARCH EXPERIENC 2018 – 2019 £25,000 FROM GCRF NETWORKING GRANT- THE ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018 – 2022 £136,724: 2 PhD research projects from DTP sandpit 2018 £4465.4 from EPSRC Partnering for GCRF Awards 2017 – 2019 €229,580 (Research grant, co-I) from Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) for a project “Oscillatory enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis as milestone for value added processing of lingo-cellulosic residues”

2016 – 2020 £160,000 (PI, 2 PhD research projects) from Newcastle University

2016 – 2017 £9950 (PI) from Promoting Excellence: International Partnerships Fund, Newcastle University

2016 – 2017 £49,757.61 (PI, research grant), Newton fund Institutional Links with Thailand

2015 -2 018 €8.5m (co-PI, research grant) from European Commission for project “IbD - Intensified by Design ® platform for the intensification of processes involving solids handling”

EMPLOYMENT HISTORY 01.08.2019 - Senior Lecturer, School of Engineering 2013- 2019 - Lecturer, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials (School of Engineering since August 2017), Newcastle University, UK

2008-2012 - Research Associate, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, UK

EDUCATION

2011 - 2012 | Certificate in Advanced Studies in Academic Practice (CASAP), Newcastle University

2004 - 2007 | PhD in Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Sheffield, UK 2000 - 2003 | Master in Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam

1995 - 2000 | BEng in Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Vietnam Institution of Chemical Engineers, Society of Chemical Industry, Energy Institute

DR ANH N. PHAN Phone: +00 19 12 08 52 12 [email protected]

SUMMARY Dr phan is a senior lecturer in chemical engineering at newcastle university. Her research areas lie in the fields of biorefining (advanced thermochemical processes: pyrolysis and gasification), hydrogen production, energy storage, co2 utilisation, waste to energy, waste management, process intensification, biodiesel/biofuels, reactor engineering and cold plasma technologies. She has been awarded a number of research projects as pi/co-i. She has successfully supervised 5 full-time phd students and two postdoctoral researchers in the area of process intensification, process development, waste recovery and heterogeneously catalysed biodiesel production. She is currently the principal supervisor to 8 more full-time phd students undertaking research on the above areas.

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Partner budget

Partner number and name Type Org. type Total budget incl. OH IFD investment incl. OH Self-financing Partner investment rate

P1 BlueBenu Project Partner DK-VIRK kr. 23.497.600 kr. 17.623.200 kr. 5.874.400 75%

P2 SurfCleaner Project Partner UDL-VIRK kr. 7.272.400 kr. 5.454.300 kr. 1.818.100 75%

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Project Partner UDL-UNI kr. 7.286.880 kr. 6.558.190 kr. 728.690 90%

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Project key figures

Budget overview

Key Project figures

Project title Recovery of mixed Plastic Waste for Circular Economy

Project acronym REPLASTIC

Project - start date (on the form: dd-mm-yyyy) 01-01-20

Project - end date (on the form: dd-mm-yyyy) 31-12-24

Duration 4 years, 11 months, 30 days

Total Project budget kr. 38.056.880

Total IFD investment incl. overhead kr. 29.635.690

IFD investment rates Project Industrial research Experimental development

78% 100% 0%

Total IFD investment excl. Overhead kr. 28.542.660

Total IFD investment for overhead kr. 1.093.030

Administrator P1 - BlueBenu

Partner investment rates

Partner no. Partner name Org type Partner investment rate Industrial research Experimental development

P1 BlueBenu DK-VIRK 75% 100% 0%

P2 SurfCleaner UDL-VIRK 75% 100% 0%

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE UDL-UNI 90% 100% 0%

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Budget by year

Budget by year

Partner number and name Total 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

Total kr. 29.635.690 kr. 6.074.438 kr. 5.805.938 kr. 5.805.938 kr. 6.405.938 kr. 5.543.438 kr. - kr. -

P1 BlueBenu kr. 17.623.200 kr. 3.401.940 kr. 3.433.440 kr. 3.433.440 kr. 4.033.440 kr. 3.320.940 kr. - kr. -

P2 SurfCleaner kr. 5.454.300 kr. 1.360.860 kr. 1.060.860 kr. 1.060.860 kr. 1.060.860 kr. 910.860 kr. - kr. -

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE kr. 6.558.190 kr. 1.311.638 kr. 1.311.638 kr. 1.311.638 kr. 1.311.638 kr. 1.311.638 kr. - kr. -

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Work packages

Work packages

Work package number and name

Total budget

Total 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

1 Project Operations Management kr. 5.580.400 kr. 1.122.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. - kr. -

2 Experiments and Prototyping kr. 17.917.200 kr. 3.413.440 kr. 3.463.440 kr. 3.463.440 kr. 4.263.440 kr. 3.313.440 kr. - kr. -

3 Feedstock Management kr. 7.272.400 kr. 1.814.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.214.480 kr. - kr. -

4 Process Optimization and depolymerization methods kr. 7.286.880 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. - kr. -

5 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

6 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

7 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

8 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

9 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

10 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

Total kr. 38.056.880 kr. 7.807.776 kr. 7.449.776 kr. 7.449.776 kr. 8.249.776 kr. 7.099.776 kr. - kr. -

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Work packages

Work package number and name

Experimental development

Total 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

1 Project Operations Management kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

2 Experiments and Prototyping kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

3 Feedstock Management kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

4 Process Optimization and depolymerization methods kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

5 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

6 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

7 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

8 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

9 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

10 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

Total kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

Work package number and name

Industrial research

Total 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026

1 Project Operations Management kr. 5.580.400 kr. 1.122.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. 1.114.480 kr. - kr. -

2 Experiments and Prototyping kr. 17.917.200 kr. 3.413.440 kr. 3.463.440 kr. 3.463.440 kr. 4.263.440 kr. 3.313.440 kr. - kr. -

3 Feedstock Management kr. 7.272.400 kr. 1.814.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.414.480 kr. 1.214.480 kr. - kr. -

4 Process Optimization and depolymerization methods kr. 7.286.880 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. 1.457.376 kr. - kr. -

5 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

6 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

7 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

8 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

9 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

10 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

Total kr. 38.056.880 kr. 7.807.776 kr. 7.449.776 kr. 7.449.776 kr. 8.249.776 kr. 7.099.776 kr. - kr. -

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Work packages salary overview

Work packages salary overview

Work packages

Partner number and name Flat rate or actual Total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total DKK 32.234.400 14,12% 42,35% 14,12% 14,12% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

P1 BlueBenu Actual DKK 21.489.600 22,86% 68,59% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

P2 SurfCleaner Actual DKK 5.372.400 0,00% 0,00% 73,87% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Actual DKK 5.372.400 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 73,73% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00%

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Partner and Work packages

Project title Recovery of mixed Plastic Waste for Circular Economy

Total Project budget kr. 38.056.880

Total IFD investment incl. overhead kr. 29.635.690

Total Project Self-financing kr. 8.421.190

Partner number and name Total budget incl.

OH IFD investment

incl. OH Self-financing

Partner investment rate

Total kr. 38.056.880 kr. 29.635.690 kr. 8.421.190 78%

P1 BlueBenu kr. 23.497.600 kr. 17.623.200 kr. 5.874.400 75%

P2 SurfCleaner kr. 7.272.400 kr. 5.454.300 kr. 1.818.100 75%

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE kr. 7.286.880 kr. 6.558.190 kr. 728.690 90%

P4 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P5 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P6 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P7 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P8 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P9 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P10 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P11 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P12 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P13 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P14 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P15 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P16 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P17 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P18 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P19 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

P20 kr. - kr. - kr. - 0%

Work packages

Partner number and name Total project 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Total Work packages kr. 38.056.880 kr. 5.580.400 kr. 17.917.200 kr. 7.272.400 kr. 7.286.880 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

P1 BlueBenu kr. 23.497.600 kr. 5.580.400 kr. 17.917.200 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

P2 SurfCleaner kr. 7.272.400 kr. - kr. - kr. 7.272.400 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

P3 UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE kr. 7.286.880 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. 7.286.880 kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. - kr. -

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