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8Fungiandplants-ergot17.pdf
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7
Earlier?
• Hieronymus Bosch, Netherlands, late 1400’s
• Inspired by hallucinatory experiences?
• Most art historians don’t interpret his work as any more or less than highly imaginative Hieronymus Bosch, right panel of The Garden of Earthly Delights, “Hell” Late 1400’s
A good read
• Mary Matossian • Good description of
ergotism and other mycotoxin diseases in history
• Thorough discussion of association of witch trials in Europe and America and association with ergotism
8
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16
A family of sneaks and body snatchers
• Claviceps purpurea is a member of the Clavicipitaceae family
• Clavicipitaceae is a very interesting family of fungi
• Domain Eukarya • Kingdom Fungi • Phylum -mycota • Class -mycetes • Order -ales • Family Clavicipitaceae • Genus ----- • Species -----
Endophytes of grasses • Fungi related to Claviceps
purpurea • Live in grass blades • Endophytes – organisms
living in plants • They are mutualists
symbionts • Protect grass from
grazers, insects • Get nutrients from grass • Like C. purpurea they
produce alkaloid chemicals
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• Z=++/4',0',5',5>=>.D3<'></,>D/5>1'&EM1' ,54',5>=A=<,+'=5'-/5/<,+
• 76C<34=0=,9
27
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• *<=9/0',0'C=-C',0'' gOT1TTT','63.54
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• 2//+'6<34.9>=35'=0' .50.0>,=5,G+/
*<=9/'.6
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28
Disease - it’s still all about food • C. pupurea infects grain as a food source. • Rye and other grains are a food source for people
and animals, so the fungus produces chemicals to protect itself and its food source, causing disease if eaten.
• Endophytic fungi do a similar thing, without causing disease in the host plant, and sometimes causing other changes beneficial to both plant and fungus.
Disease - it’s still all about food
• Some species in the Clavicipitaceae, the Cordyceps fungi, family, attack insects as a food source, and in the process change insect behavior to benefit the fungus.
• Humans use some entomophagous fungi to kill insects that eat food crops.
• And also about disease - C. purpurea is the original source of several medicines that treat human diseases including migraines and depression.
