8 discussion questions (Due in 12 hours)
So today, we're going to talk about mapping well-being and this idea of SPECS, or strength-based, preventative, collective, andempowering perspectives of well-being. And with us today to discuss that would be Steve Zimmer, who's an educator andsomeone who's very committed to the idea of well-being. Welcome.
Thank you. It's great to be with you.
So could you talk a little bit about just your background as an educator and where you've been, and how you ended up herebefore we start talking about this idea of well-being?
Sure. I came into teaching in 1992, just after I graduated from college. Moved across the country from Baltimore to LosAngeles. Didn't know very much about the community that I was going to be teaching in. I was one of the initial core years ofTeach for America. And like the program at that time, many of us were deposited, so to speak, into communities that were notour own. And had to do a lot of learning about our school environment and the ecosystem around students.
And do that learning without the benefit of some of the filters that we now know through our study about what deficit mindsetabout students, and their families, and their communities, and how that can affect educational systems at the school level, atthe individual classroom level, in the counseling office, and beyond. And so probably about five years into my teaching, Istarted realizing that to really be able to affect the type of transformational change that I could see, and that my students andtheir families were expressing through their hopes and dreams, I would have to become much more involved in my school siteand in the community than just the four walls of my classroom.
And so I started to get involved in intervention work with community-based organizations. I started to get involved in somehuman rights work. I started to get involved in some substance abuse counseling and intervention work. And all this camearound to a broader understanding and a broader lens of what was happening through some very active listening to mystudents, to their families, and to leaders in the community. And what I began to see, and what we collectively began to see,was the short-term and long-term impacts of deficit mindset in the policies and the actions of the entire system, that oneschool community system, upon students.
And a small group of us set about to change that. And we ran into a lot of resistance. The small thing that we wanted tochange, I think it's important to maybe go back in time to consider this one policy, was a policy that the Los Angeles schooldistrict had at the time that was called Opportunity Transfers. And when a student, particularly a student that had substanceabuse challenges or was gang affiliated, got into even the slightest infraction of a school policy, the idea was get that studentout, exclude that student, remove that student from the community.
And a small group of us at the school began to realize that this was not only a violation of the immediate ethics of thesituation, but the entire reason that we became teachers in the first place. So we set about to try and change that policy to say,wait a second. A loving, and welcoming, and assets-based school environment can't possibly have its policy be the policy ofexclusion and the policy of removal. And when, through critical race theory and other philosophies informing the history ofwho is being excluded from a public school and a public education system, supercharged our efforts to try and change this.
What we realized is that changing a policy, changing an approach in a vacuum was number one, going to lead to intenseresistance. But number two, wasn't going to produce the type of transformation of the entire school ecosystem that we werelooking for. So we took an approach that was very straightforward, not as rooted in theory and in philosophy that I would'vemaybe liked at the time, but it was appropriate to the ecology of the moment.
And the philosophy was simply this, that if any teacher had a student in their classroom whose head was on his or her desk,that that teacher would have the courage to ask the student what was wrong, and the confidence that no matter what thatanswer was, the school would be an environment in which we could call upon both the collective wisdoms and strengths of thecommunity, and also the internal strengths that we could excavate, the internal strengths of the student to get to better. Andthrough that very direct question, we were able to build a program.
And as we started to build that program, we began to realize how intact and rooted deficit mindset was. It was easy to be ableto be very critical of those, like myself, who were teaching or counseling in a community that was not our own. It was moredifficult when some of that deficit mindset was expressed by folks from the community who had shared experience with ourstudents.
And so those of us who were not from the community had to really check ourselves yet again, and think about our partnership,our coalition, our humility, in terms of what we would need to do to really build an authentic program that facilitated assetdevelopment, but also a strength-based mindset about not what we could do as a community of professionals upon ourstudents and their families, but if we looked at the wisdoms and strengths from our students and families themselves, that ifwe could form partnerships with them.
It gets to the old idea that a very liberal concept of parents bringing their hopes and dreams to the school house door andhand them off to the professionals. And what we had to realize was that really parents were reaching out, families werereaching out for our hands, to grasp hands together and take this journey. And so a group of us really took this journey over--it really did take about 10 years-- to change a school. And a long series of things happened that I found myself, after 17 yearsat a single school site, I found myself in the position of having the chance, and the rare opportunity, and the privilege to be apolicy maker for the school district.
And I took the next eight years of my career to really be able to think about, and to study, and to bring critical communitiestogether to really look at it system wide. And to not only yes, we have the tools to change policy, we could at various points inthese eight years, we could remove instruments from the tool box of institutional racism. We could remove policies thatactualized deficit-based mindset. What was much more challenging was to be able to create welcoming, embracing, lovingschools that would see every child through a strength-based and asset-based lens, see every family, see every community forits strengths.
Understanding challenges, understanding barriers, but really bringing together that idea of collective action to changemindset. And when mindset changes, the actions in a single classroom, in a single counseling office, really can change intransformational ways. But if we don't do the hard work of our own reflective inventory of how these systems have influencedour consciousness and subconscious, and then if we don't have the courage to sit in circles of kinship, around really being ableto work through this with the understanding that we have all been impacted by the systems and what is our collectiveresponsibility to change them, recognizing the difference in experience, recognizing the disparate impacts, but alsorecognizing the collective responsibility for change.
Well, thank you. I mean, that's just a perfect example of going from a deficit reactive disempowering perspective to the SPECSapproach, which is strength-based, preventative, empowering, and collective. And I like that not only are you saying that that'swhere your work has taken you, but that you look at it on all three levels of well-being that we focus on, which is theindividuals, the inventory, the circles, our relationships with others, and then thinking about the collective. I think that's a verypowerful example of what we were trying to help our students develop in our own practice, whether it's at their own individualsite, or across a community or district, or what have you.
So I thank you for that. So as you know, we're talking out here to school students who are going to become school counselors.And you were a school counselor yourself so you share that unique opportunity to work in schools on behalf of students, andcommunities, and teachers. What would you say is important for the up and coming school counselor, as a counselor educatoryourself as well, what would you say is important for them to think about as they continue with their coursework, and thenstart in practicum out in the field pretty soon, and in the early parts of their career, what do you recommend?
I would offer two things. I think that the first is the importance, the dual importance, of being present, the willingness to bepresent in whatever situation a family, a student is facing, is confronting. I realized fairly soon in my teaching, and then in mycounseling work, that our students are young folk, don't give us a big window. They will know very, very soon if you believe inthem or not. I'd say pretty much in the first minute. And they will know very soon if you are fully present. And they will knowvery soon if you're listening.
And if those three things are there, if you believe in the strengths and the wisdoms and the assets that the student is bringinginto the classroom, is bringing into your counseling office, that what you have to offer is not answers, and is not solutions, andis not interventions in the traditional or clinical sense, but partnership, a willingness to be present in the journey, a willingnessto have the dynamic give and take of guidance.
Guidance is not the professional pushing the student to an outcome that we, the professional, might through our training oreven our experience think in our mind is the right or proper outcome for a student or for a family. But to be present in theirdecision making process, in their ability to actually call the shots.
So not just pushing them but walking with them.
That's right. It is that idea that when we are truly present in a counseling relationship, it is the synergy of wisdoms. It's thesynergy of experience, some shared, some not, some envisioned, some that can't even be imagined yet. That we, if we arepresent in kinship and partnership, if we understand that is not our role to determine what is the path, but rather to be willingto be present on the path that a student and family chooses together.
And if they are at a crossroads where history, and opportunity, and hopes and dreams collide, that it's not our place to be thereferee. It's not our place to call a penalty. It's not our place to decide in this mix of many, many histories and many dreamswhich is the pathway that will be chosen, but to keep everyone committed to a path and a journey. In this value that is notobvious immediately, but is that trust, that feeling that not can you trust me, or I want you trust me, no, we build trust.
Right. It's a two-way street. I would say it's a matter of not only can I trust you, but can you trust me. The back and forth.
And it's dynamic when truly you believe in the limitless possibilities, recognizing the barriers with full consciousness of thebarriers, and the role of a system that has created and perpetuated those barriers. So that's the first thing that I would say, thatpresence and that belief system. And then the second thing I would say is, is that there is no task that is not part of thisstruggle. We don't create a single schedule. It's not either a schedule that perpetuates savage inequity or confronts it. We don'tcreate a single intervention plan that does not interact with all of these histories.
And the choices that we make as counselors are simultaneously rooted in an acknowledgment of what our system has bothbeen influenced by and caused, but also, the remarkable possibility of a system working in partnership with dreams andassets, what it can accelerate. And so when we recognize first, the power of presence, and second, the impact of action, then ifwe as a community-- a counseling community I'm speaking of now-- see ourselves as partners in journey, but also agents ofchange, it's hard to imagine a more exciting moment to enter this profession.
Wow. I really like that. So it reminds me of Jeff Duncan-Andrades' idea of not mythical hope, like hey, you can do, just workhard, but critical hope, where you're tangible, presence, and action.
I've been blessed and truly honored to be present in both the emergence of critical hope, but also seeing the potential system-wide of what an investment in that critical hope can bring. And it's my aspiration that this next generation of schoolcounselors, of community-based advocates, of families are going to take it to the transformational level.
Thank you very much.
Thank you.
In our final unit, we'd like to take a look at mapping well-being and the SPECs that we covered in the previous year. It isimportant to understand that as a school counselor, our role is to facilitate the social, emotional, and academic development ofall students. In this course and in this program, you are learning that well-being is the approach that we take here. And wewould like for you to understand how to use a comprehensive approach to promoting well-being.
If you recall, there were seven domains of well-being that we covered in the previous unit, as well as the affirmation andcontextual fields. So if we take a look at the SPEC field one more time, we'll see that a strength-based and empoweringapproach that is proactive and collective in nature is the best way to support well-being for all students. And as you movethrough your other courses, you're going to come across opportunities to explore how to bring this about and what it means inthe lives of the students that you will work with. This may happen in your practicum sites or in your internship fieldwork thatyou'll conduct as well as the practice of school counseling upon graduation.
For this unit, rather than simply relying on the SPEC fields that have been provided for you, that is examples here of voice andchoice in organizational community development, policy-making, et cetera, we'd like for you to take a look at this blank SPECfield and begin to think about what aspects of well-being you can come up with in the role of a school counselor. It will beeasy to explore reactive deficit perspective on an individual basis. But also, we'd like for you to think of strength-based,proactive, collective conditions.
Our guest speaker for this unit will help us think about some of the ways in which the first quadrant, quadrant I, which isstrength-based and empowering, proactive, and collective in nature can come about. It will then be your responsibility tocomplete this SPEC field describing both what you will not do and will attempt to do in promoting well-being for all students.
End of lecture…
See attached Two Documents…
Question #1 Upload a copy of the attachment Fill in page
Question #2
The essential question this week was, how can the role of the school counselor map well-being for schools? Reflect on how youwould answer this essential question. Bring in examples from the week and connections you've made to your ongoing casestudy.
Reflect on the essential question with a focus on personal well-being, social well-being, and collective well-being of thesubject in your case scenario.
Question #3
Take about 5–7 minutes to complete the attached self-assessment worksheet. This is a representative list of self-care activities, not an all-inclusive list. In addition, no one is expected to be doing all of the things mentioned on the list. This tool simply provides a snapshot of your current attention to personal wellness. After completing this assessment, please reflect upon what are your initial thoughts about your level of self-care and what things might you put in place to better support yourself as you matriculate as a counseling candidate.
See attached self assessment worksheet…
So, cool, Sebastian. Good to see you again.
Good to see you, too.
Yeah, so what we're going to do today is spend a little time doing your genogram. Do you know what a genogram is?
Mhm.
All right, so how would you describe it?
It's kind of like a family tree.
Exactly right. It's a family tree that's going to allow us to mark relationships. And we're going to talk a little bit about yourfamily structure, relationships in the family, some culture-- just kind of get a better sense of who you are as a person. Soundgood?
Mhm.
So when we do the genogram, we're going to try track three generations. So you have any kids?
(LAUGHING) No.
You sure? All right, good answer. So you're going to track your generation, your mom and dad's, and then your grandparents.That'll be three generations. And we'll talk about some of your cousins and anything else that kind of comes up about you.We'll just kind of situate you in your context. That sound good?
Mhm.
All right, cool. So let's start with your parents. So what's your mom's name?
Shirley.
And how old is your mom?
She's 39. Cool, and what about your dad?
My dad, his name's Alen, and he's 41.
All right. And how old are you, again?
I'm 13.
And I know you have a sister. Bella, right?
Yeah.
And how old is Bella?
She's 12.
All right. And how long your parents been married?
They've been married for about, I want to say, 14 years.
OK.
And you all live here in California?
Mhm.
And who else lives in your house? It's just us.
OK. And so, as I'm drawing, as you see, this is kind of like the base, right?
Mhm.
This is you, your sister, your mom, your dad, your mom. And they've been married 14 years and live in California.
Mhm.
And then the circle around it shows who's in your household.
Yeah.
Make sense? And the squares are what?
The males.
And the circles?
The females.
All right, what's this line show?
That's that they're related.
That's it. You got it. So we'll just keep going right on up the track, all right? So tell me about your mom's parents.
Her dad, his name is Charles.
OK. All right, and how old is Charles?
I believe he's 68.
OK. And what about your grandma?
My grandma's name is Diana.
Mhm. How old is she?
And she's 67.
And they're here in California as well?
Yes.
Cool. And where are they from?
They came from Iran.
How long they been in US?
About 26 years.
Cool. And what do they do?
They're not working right now.
All right.
They're retired.
Cool. What did they do?
My grandpa, he owned a rug store. And then my grandma would kind of look out for older people in need.
Oh, cool.
And what about your mom? What does she do?
My mom's a dietitian.
Cool. Good. Now does your mother have any brothers or sisters?
Yeah, my mom has one brother and one sister.
And who's the oldest, and who's youngest?
The oldest is my mom. The youngest is my uncle.
OK, so the sister-- what's your aunt's name?
Sandy.
How old is Sandy?
She's 37.
Cool. And then your uncle?
My uncle, he's, I want to say, 33 or 34.
You're pretty good, man. What's your uncle's name?
Alexei.
And are they married, have kids or anything?
Sandy is married.
All right. And what's her-- you know, what's your uncle's name?
Vahram-- V-A-H-R-A-M.
V-A-H-R-A-M. Cool, how old is he?
He's-- I believe he's 43.
Do they have any kids?
Yeah. A niece and nephew. I mean, a son and daughter.
Mhm. And what's their names? Who's older?
The son.
And what's his name?
His name's Shaunt.
S--
H-A-U-N-T.
And how old is Shaunt?
He's 12.
Cool. And what's your cousin's name-- your other cousin's name?
Sarah.
And how old is Sarah?
She's 11.
Got you. Alexei doesn't have any?
No.
All right. So now we'll go over to your dad's side.
Mhm.
All right, so we're going to go up, and tell me about your granddad and grandmom on that side.
My grandpa's name is Vartan, V-A-R-T-A-N.
OK.
And my grandma's name is Rima, R-I-M-A.
R-I-M-A. And how old is Vartan?
He's-- I believe he's 67.
Got you.
And then Rima is 66.
We're rolling right along. And what do they do? Are they still working or retired.
No, Vartan is retired. And then Rima, I believe she's kind of like an architect.
Cool. And what did Vartan retire from?
He also was kind of like an architect.
Cool. And where are they from?
They moved from Iran to Germany and then to here.
Iran, Germany, and then to the US. Cool. Does your dad have any brothers or sisters?
He had two brothers.
OK, you said had, so one of them passed?
Yeah.
Are they older or younger?
The middle child.
So your dad is the what?
Oldest.
And then who's after him?
After him, his name's Armen.
OK, and how old is Armen?
And then he passed when he was 34 or 35.
OK. Do you know how he died?
Car accident.
Sorry to hear that, my brother.
It's all right.
And what about the baby boy?
His name's Garen, G-A-R-E-N.
And how old is he?
Right now he's 36.
And what does he do?
He's a cinematographer.
Cool. That all fits. So you said you wanted to be what?
Animator, and my second choice was cinematographer.
Do you-- you're pretty close with your Uncle Garen?
Mhm.
Does he take you around and show you how he does what he do?
Yeah, sometimes. Sometimes we edit little clips together.
Cool. That's cool. Who else in your family is in the film business?
Just him.
That's cool. So this is what we got. So we got you and your sister, your household, you got your grandparents on both sides,we got your aunts and uncles, we got your cousins. Does this look pretty accurate?
Mhm.
All right. So anything you want to add?
Garen's married.
OK.
And his wife's name is Christine. OK. I think she's 36 or 35.
OK. And what does she do?
She's a doctor.
Cool. What kind of doctor?
Children's doctor.
Nice. She's a real doctor. My niece told me I was a fake doctor, because I couldn't fix her bumped up lip. So looking at this, tellme about what you know about your family coming to the US.
I know that it was really hard for them, because on my dad's side when they moved to Germany, they didn't speak thelanguage. It took a while to get used to that. But then once they moved to the US, they had to forget about Germany and Iran,and then they had to learn English, which English is a hard language. So I could see how that could have been difficult.
Mhm. What about on your mom's side? What do you know about their story?
My mom's side? That was pretty hard, too, because my parents, they knew each other in Iran. And then once my dad moved toGermany, they weren't in contact as much. So if anything bad happened, they couldn't get to each other quickly. And when mymom moved to here, I could imagine that being pretty difficult too.
Yeah. So your grandparents knew each other in Iran too?
Mhm.
So you all have been pretty much a pretty close community your whole life?
Mhm.
So did your mom and dad date when they were young?
I think so, yeah.
Ah, that's cool. It's like young love.
Mhm.
So what do you do-- so you're Armenian right?
Mhm.
So how do you celebrate that? What does that mean to you, to be Armenian?
Well, we celebrate it by-- there aren't many Armenian holidays that are different from holidays in America, except that we haveArmenian Christmas on July 6 instead of December 25.
OK, why's that?
I believe it was because January 6 was when Christ was resurrected, I think.
OK. All right. So how do you know about being Armenian?
So how do I know about our--
Culture.
Culture?
What do you all do-- so you were born here in the States, but you're Armenian. You have a family that grew up and had amigration story that took you from multiple countries all across the world to be here. But yet you still call yourself-- how doyou identify yourself?
I mean, I identify myself as Armenian-American because my culture is Armenian, I celebrate in an Armenian style mostholidays. But I was born in the United States. I'm a citizen here, so I consider myself American too.
All right. And so what does it mean to be Armenian-American?
What it means to be Armenian-American?
Does that make sense? Is that a good question?
Kind of, yeah. It's like we relate, Armenians and Americans, because we have the same holidays. But some holidays wecelebrate at different times. That's how we're different. So we have similarities and differences.
So what other things do you do culturally to celebrate your culture, your Armenian heritage?
Yeah, when we celebrate, we usually eat different types of Armenian food. OK. And then we usually celebrate with Armenianmusic and different [INAUDIBLE].
That's cool. That's important. Do you talk a lot to your grandparents about Iran?
Not really, no.
Why not?
It's kind of in the back of my head. It's not usually something that pops up when I'm talking to them.
Do they talk about it with about each other?
I mean, they speak in Farsi, but other than that, no.
Do you speak Farsi?
Not me.
So is that something you wanted to do or not? Or you don't pay attention to it?
I mean, it sounds like an interesting thing to know another language, because then I'm able to communicate more easily. Say Igo to Iran, I can communicate with the people there. But other than that, no, it doesn't really.
Mhm. It's good that you know where you're from, because there's a lot of people that don't know where they come from. Theydon't have a connection to their heritage, their culture, and really kind of know there's something there. And you have goodrelationships with everybody, right?
Mhm.
And so when you have those opportunities to talk to your people, to learn about your people, I would encourage you now,especially as a young man, to get to know as much as you can about what is it like being there, with their stories, being able tokind of track that, and then kind of saying, OK, these are some things that I want to keep, because when you-- if you havekids, or whatever the situation is when you get older, to be able to say, OK, this is something that I want to pass along to mychildren, and my children's children, and my children's children.
Mhm.
So this is a good time now where you have everybody alive. And this is a pretty good family and pretty good healthy situationyou're in. If you wanted to say, OK, you know what? Let me spend a little more time, maybe learn Farsi, or learn about rituals,and the culture from not only what you pick up, but to be more deliberate. It might help you kind of just get a better sense ofyourself. Is that something that you think your family would be open to?
Yeah.
Why do you think that?
They're really supportive, and I bet if I wanted to learn, they would be there to teach me about it.
Is that something you think you'd want to try to do as a project or just as a part of your lifestyle?
Yeah, sometime in the future I might want to do that.
Yeah, that's cool, man. Well, good. Well, thanks for working on this with me. So then we'll keep this. You can take a copy of it,go over it with your parents and your siblings, and kind of just keep adding on to it. And we can also just add friends, andfamily, and other people that are important in your life as a way to kind of track and situate you within your culture and in yourown context.
Mhm.
Sound good?
Yeah.
Cool. [INAUDIBLE].
Thank you.
Question #4
After reviewing the genogram role-play transcript, respond to the prompt: "What questions would you pose to the student that would enable you to better assess his connections and encourage him to make some shifts to balance his life?" Provide the response as if you were talking to the student and showing him the genogram that you have created. Show your created genogram in the video response (put on the screen).
Understanding the use of language is critical to being a counselor. We want to make sure we understand the differencebetween strength-based and deficit-based counseling. In doing so, we have a better grasp of making sure that we work from aposition that is not deficit-based, but always looks for the strengths and resilience in the families that we work with. This isvery important for young people because we can teach them how to create a system where they're promoting life instead ofpromoting death, even in the way they speak.
And so let's spend some time thinking about this and see which one is your natural way of working. So keep that in mind. Thelead question is, which one is more natural for you to go to? Are you a strength-based speaker or a deficit-based speaker?
So when we think about deficit-based, we want to use a couple of statements. People that think from a problem-saturated,deficit-based, looking for weakness often focus on what's broken. They don't talk about overcoming weaknesses. They don'tthink in a way that's very problem solving. They are very externally-driven.
They come up sometimes with short-term solutions. And they spend a lot of time highlighting past failures. So, for example,you may hear someone say, I suck at this, or why does this stuff always happen to me?
When these terms and phrases are used, it's not just a offhand slip of the tongue. It really shows a much deeper thoughtprocess or feeling that a person has or a mantra or some schema that they're using to guide their life. So part of our job is toboth recognize when we hear it, but then also try to create other solutions and opportunities to change that language intosomething that's more strength-based.
We see this when you think about people who are depressed. Depressed people feel tired. They feel worn out. They'reoverwhelmed. They're slow moving and slow acting.
They can't see a way out of things. And a lot of times, even when we help people, we highlight this instead of seeing thestrengths in that. So we, again, want to make sure that we are able to identify when someone else is using it and also identifywhen we're using this type of language and this type of thinking.
So then you have, on the other side, strength-based thinking and statements. So what this focus is, is the emphasis places onfocus on what's working. We look at all the infinite possibilities.
We co-construct things. Co-construction, again, is two people or multiple joining together to develop a solution together. Wejoin together. We co-construct. We can create what we want in this world based off of our energy, our effort, and our focus.
We also know that people that are strength-based are internally driven. So no matter what's happening around them, they'reable to continue to push themselves and drive themselves from an internal mechanism. And that's reinforced by outsideinfluences. Instead of short-term solutions, they think of sustainable solutions.
So I don't want to just not be broke. I want to be wealthy. In order for me to be wealthy, I'm going to have to continue to workconsistently. And, hopefully, I'll get lucky. And something's going to come along, and it's going to put me over the top.
But if not, I'm going to continue to work towards my solution or towards being healthy and wealthy. We also could see that ithighlights past successes. So if you've done it once, you can do it again. And if you've done it again, you're going to keep on doing it in the future. You highlight the past successes instead of the failures.
So an example of a strength-based statement is, I can be the master of this with enough dedication. If I practice hard enough,I'm sure I can make the team. It's going to be a big challenge, but I believe I can do it. Or, as we have listed here, I canovercome any obstacle that presents itself to me.
No matter the challenge, no matter what's going on, I can figure out a plan of action if you give me enough time. I can figureout a plan to change my school situation. I can figure out a way to maintain or develop a relationship. I can do, I can do, I cando, as compared to, woe is me, I don't have enough, this is limiting. Two different positions, two different ways of thinking,two different ways and strategies of helping people move forward in their life.
So one of the things that we want to be able to do is what I call the art of the reframe. So reframing is a technique used to helpcreate a different way of looking at a situation or person or relationship by changing its meaning. One of the things that we'reable to do is create what we want through the use of our words. So certain things can have very different meanings.
So I'm black-- may not be obvious on the screen, but I am. In the African-American tradition, through our faith, there's twodifferent things that happen. Some people have a funeral, and some people have a home-going-- two different processes.Even at a funeral, it may be a celebration of their life, but it may be a more downtrodden, more sadful experience.
A home-going is designed in itself as a celebration of that life, and that person is going on to home, on to glory, on theheaven. So we want to celebrate their life and help push them into going to the afterlife, where a funeral is a process of puttingsomeone to the ground. They may mean different things for different people when that's the same thing.
A person died-- are we going to have a funeral, or we going to have a home-going? Are we going to be sad, or are we going tocelebrate? That's what we want to be able to do within our families that we're working with.
We also recognize that it depends on a person's point of view and in the frame of which its viewed in. The specific way thatthat individual looks and understands something-- that's critical. It's very hard to reframe something from my standpoint if Idon't have an understanding of the person I'm working with. So it's important for me to understand through their lens andtheir eyes how they think about it. And then I can help shape that.
So when the time frame is shifted or when the reframe takes place, the meaning, the thinking, and the behaviors change alongwith it. So using the example of a home-going or in a funeral, in a funeral, traditionally, you wear black. In a home-going, youmay wear white. One is a celebration of light-- the other is a more solemn experience.
There's a skill, and it's a game that we want to play. So I'm going to say some words and some statements. And I want you totake a second and write down how to reframe that or what do you think it means.
So one is, I always flunk gym class. I am slow. How would you reframe that? You might be able to say, man, I really need towork harder on my strength and my fitness so I can get a better grade and become faster. This has been difficult for me in thepast, but I believe I can do it if I work hard and focus with my friends and just do more things that's going to make me fasterand stronger.
We can do this all day long. Think about things in your life that you know that you've said or people have said to you that aredeficit, and start practicing writing out different ways of saying it again and again and again in a way that makes sense. Theskew with the reframe is, again, you have to pinpoint and target and hit the mark that works for the person that you're doing itfor or doing it with.
It doesn't sound good to them-- it's not going to stick. It doesn't hold out. They don't buy in. It doesn't help change behavior.So keep this in mind as we're moving forward-- that we want to be able to reframe things from a negative deficit-based,problem-saturated position to a much more resilient strength-based, solution-focused framework. And this is the art of thereframe.
Question #5
Write five statements about yourself using deficit-based language and then reframe them as strength based.
Crisis counseling we're going to spend some time talking about how to manage clients who are in crisis. One of the things wewant to look at is that life changes very quickly and rapidly for a lot of people, for everyone at different times. At any pointanybody can be in crisis. And part of our job as a counselor is to be able to manage crisis situations, help people when they'rein need, in an emergency, in the crunch, and be able to have a strategy to move people through their processes systematically.
So we're going to spend some time looking at this, recognizing that there's a wide range of crises that we're talking about. So afew key points to keep in mind for our discussion, we know that all behavior is an attempt to meet a need. This is criticalbecause part of our job is to interpret behavior. And in order to interpret behavior, we might want to look at what thing arethey trying to get to. What is the behavior trying to solve? That is the problem that is being rectified or what does this behaviordraw attention to?
So we also want to look at violence as a form of communication when all other forms have failed. This is something that's veryimportant, because violence is something that's a part of our life, it's a part of our world, it's a part of our day-to-dayexistence. One of the things we know is that it also gives a very clear message.
Sometimes people use violence as a first option. Sometimes they use it as a last option. Sometimes violence is something usedto control other people. It is also something that is used to protect ourselves. Either way, no matter what it is, it is a form ofcommunication. And when other systems have failed, people oftentimes result to violence as the absolute way.
We also recognize that the nature and intensity of violence tends to escalate if no one steps in to stop it. This is important forus to know that our job as counselors is to diminish the impact of violence, diminish the impact of a crisis by stepping in, in avery strategic focused way to be able to help remediate or remedy a situation, and then create a solution for maintainingpeace, maintaining stability, maintaining some type of status quo.
That's important, because a lot of times we don't see ourselves as heroes. But in this work, the crisis could be anywhere fromsomeone having a mental health breakdown, to actual violence occurring, to a traumatic incident that happened on a globalscale-- a mudslide, a hurricane, a storm, or something-- a school shooting even at that point. We want to make sure that ourjob is to have a great understanding of what's going on around us and to develop a system that allows us to step in.
We also know that crisis is both a danger and opportunity. The danger is that people get hurt. The opportunity is that there isa chance for healing to occur. And our job is to be able to assess the danger, slow it down, and create opportunities forhealing.
When crisis occurs, several things happen. One, there's typically a decrease in structure and an increase in stimulation. So inorder to work with crisis, we have to increase structure and decrease stimulation. What that means is when somethinghappens, think about any situation in your household, any situation growing up in school or in the world around us. Whatusually happens is something comes out of nowhere. It hits us. And in doing so, everything that we're familiar with, everythingthat we're used to goes out the window.
A fire comes into your home. There's no house. There's no shelter. You lose your things. There's a sense of openness andemptiness in the world around you. If you have a child in that situation what typically happens is school may go out thewindow. Things that they typically do aren't there. Their familiarity of their world is now broken.
So one thing to do in that process is to create a system where we have more structure. We become more regimented, moredetailed, more goal-oriented in that process. Similarly you also want to decrease stimulation. When there's no structure,there's no boundaries around us. There's nothing to protect us from the things that are coming at us.
So whenever crisis occurs, we want to decrease the stimulation so that people can be more calm, be more settled, be moreable to get to that space where they're most comfortable. So things that people do even on a personal level you may findyourself walking more, or reading more, or journaling, or listening to music. Think about you had a bad day. You found outsomething happened when you got to work.
Once you get to work, you realize, OK. I'm feeling in flux. Nothing that I thought was going to be, is there. You get home. Whatdo you do to calm yourself? That's a mini crisis that occurred. Because you have structure, you're able to mediate that.
When again, when people are in crisis, they lose structure. So our job again, is to bring them back around to say, what do wedo, what works, what do you need to help you get back to your baseline?
One of the things to be aware of in crisis is that there's different categories. We want to look at those things independently butconnected. We see that it's very important for us to look at our self. How do you respond to crisis? Are you a person that's cool,calm, and collected? Are you a person who goes with the wind and is flailing around like everyone else?
Part of our job is to be able to handle all the pressure, all the stress in a healthy way, assess the trauma, figure out how itimpacts us, and develop a system to take care of ourselves so that we can be prepared to manage and help our clients.
The other category to look at is our clients. How do the families that we work with, how did the youth respond? What is thetypical way that this family, based off of their family history and their environment and their culture, respond to crisis? Are theyones that come together like Voltron, or do they separate? We want to make sure we understand how each individual works aswell as all of the members of that system work, so that we can then strategize on how to help each individual person in thesystem hold themselves accountable by creating opportunities for structure and stimulation.
The last thing we want to look at is, what's happening in the environment around us? Oftentimes when crisis occurs, it's notjust that it impacts us or the client. It happens to everyone in the system. So for example, think about a school shooting. Whenthere's an incident that happens at a school, it impacts everyone in the system. It is very hard for communities to recover fromthose types of global crisis, because everybody has an impact.
The parents are devastated. School support systems are devastated. The children are devastated. If your child doesn't go tothat school, you still live in that community and you may have went to that school. So everyone in that environment isimpacted by the crisis. So it's even more critical for everyone to figure out how to get back to stability sooner, quicker, in themost efficient way. That's a very difficult thing for people to do when you're in the middle of the storm.
So again, when looking at crisis we want to make sure that we have a clear understanding of ourselves. We want to make surewe understand everybody in the system and also how the environment is being impacted. One of the other things that happensin crisis is this. When crisis occurs, resources are typically withdrawn. When resources are withdrawn, some of the strategiesthat you may have thought to employ prior to the crisis now are no longer available. You have to come with a new strategy allthe way around.
This is on a personal level, as an individual, in a mental health crisis, as well as a community level. So keep these things inmind as we become crisis counselors, school counselors, and leaders in our community.
Question #6
What are some strategies that you can employ to assess the needs of students, parents, or educators in need? What can you do besides asking questions?
In this lecture, we're going to take some time discussing how to conceptualize a case. As counselors, it's critical for us to havea strategy before we make any intervention. So what we've set up, what we've designed is a conceptualization worksheet and inthis worksheet, it will walk us through a process for understanding and assessing our clients, making a plan of action, andmaking sure that we're able to present this information in a way that's digestible, thoughtful, clear, concise, to best allow us toreceive feedback and supervision, and then implement a plan of action.
So how it works is, we going to take and walk through each level of the case conceptualization. And by doing so, you have abetter understanding of the global assessment process. And then, you're going to take the same sheet and use it on caseexamples for yourself. And this is the process for doing a case conceptualization.
So, take a look at the case conceptualization work sheet. So again, it just basically says at the beginning, use the followingoutline to prepare you case presentations. Complete all sections to your case. Your case conceptualization should reflect yourunderstanding and impressions of the client, philosophy of therapy, and concepts and tools that you're learning. list someexamples and ideas in the way that you to include them.
So for example, as we've talked about so far, understand the family system is critically important. We want to make sure thatwe're able to talk about the names, the relationships, who's involved in the system, and what's the family background. Is this adual family where there's two parents involved? Is it a family where there is separation or divorce? Is there a family history ofviolence? Is there college education? Who are the players? Who are all the people involved in the family? Who are the key peoplethat we need to make sure we understand and have an opportunity to engage with them, and be thoughtful about them as wemake our plans and decisions?
We also want to make sure we understand what the presenting problem is. In this section, we want to make sure we include ageneral description of the client's problem in their own words. How does this concern interfere with everyday functioning andrelationship? What calls the client into counseling at this time? We want to make sure we look at how this problem externalizedas well, and also, any problem stories.
Identifying the presenting problem requires us to be able to articulate what the client wants to gain from therapy, and also,what is the reason why they're coming to us. Oftentimes, people find it very difficult to articulate their experiences and be ableto say why we're here. We also know and understand that what people come in for may not be the real reason or the thing thatwe're working on.
So for example, someone says, I need to go to therapy. I'm coming to counseling because my mother gets on my nerves. That'stheir presenting problem in their own words. We know as a therapist, as a counselor, there is a lot of factors as to whysomeone gets on your nerves. It could be because the relationship is eroding, there is a lack of communication. One personmay not be equally engaged or committed to the relationship. The child may have acted out behaviorally at home or in school,and the parent is disciplining them.
So the fact that your mother gets on your nerves may be what the client stated, well, we're going to expand that to have abetter understanding of what's going on by asking for examples of how the presenting problem presents itself in real life.Next, we want to look at the therapy goals.
When doing the case conceptualizations, one thing that you'll find is that you may need to skip certain pieces as you're writingso that you can then get more information and come back to it. So it's very difficult to really understand what the goal oftherapy is in the first session. It may take you several sessions to understand what that is and be able to articulate it, but whenyou're writing it up, you still put it in this particular area because we're going to move through it in a very logical manner.
So again, the therapeutic goals are-- what are the goals or things that you want to accomplish in the treatment, in counseling?So one thing you want to do is make sure we have a solution-focused criteria for defining the goals. And also, you want tomake sure that the goals are structured-- structured in a way that we can all-- if you're presenting this to a group of people,which you may do, or you will do in class-- or directly to your supervisor-- you want to make sure that everybody understandsthe language that you're using. So it should be very clear, concise, and detailed in a way where people can say, I understandthat goal. And it's something we can work on. Think back to the Smart Goal lectures, where we want our goals here to also bevery smart.
Then, we want to make sure we look at strength and resilience. In this section, we want to identify and force ourselves tofigure out and state explicitly what are some of the strengths and resilience that the family or the youth demonstrates. So itforces us not to be a problem-saturated. We have to be able to state what those things are. What I find typically withcounselors in general, is that many people will struggle very hard to identify strengths in people when they don't connect tothem, they don't respect them, or don't trust them. So this is very important, because you want to be able to see even if aperson has done something pretty bad, that there's still some strengths in them, and that resilience has been demonstrated.
So for example, we might find that's important to tell the story of resilience. What's something that you've been through thatshows that you're able to make it? So for example, even if you're in a crisis-- wow, you know what? You were in a situation thatwas very, very difficult, but you were able to persevere by using your resources or reaching out to your family. That's the storyof resilience. Even if the person may still be in the midst of their crisis, they demonstrated strength and the skills necessary toget through it.
Patterns of interaction is a key point, because what this allows us to do is see what it is and how the problem persists. So oneof the things you want to do is make sure we identify what's going on and how the problem plays out. So for example, youwant to be able to say, when did something occur? How does that occur? I want to be able to track the movement of theproblem.
So for example, if we have a kid who gets kicked out of class, and the goal is to stay in class for the rest of the semester, oneof the things I want to know is, what happens to you when you get kicked out of class? Is there a particular teacher that thishappens to? What time of the day is it? Is it that you do something first and get in trouble? Or are you responding to some ofthe impetus that's going on in the classroom? Whatever that is, that pattern of interaction not only tracks the time and thesequence, but also the interaction between the players that are involved in the situation.
So if it's you do this, then I do this, then I do that, I want to know that. If it's I do this, you do this, and then I do that, that'sanother thing. So we want to make sure we understand what the pattern is, so we can interrupt the pattern and then be able toarticulate to people, this is what we see. This is how it's going on. Where can we find an opportunity to insert ourselves or anintervention that works? So when I say intervention, any therapeutic attempt-- any therapeutic maneuver-- is considered anintervention.
Next, we'll look at life setting. I want to know with all my clients-- all the people I work with-- how do you spend your typicalday or week? What are your spiritual, social, and religious activities? How do you relax? How do you spend your recreationaltime? What's your living environment? What is the most important things in your relationship? It's important to situate people incontext. So by understanding and laying out their life setting, you will find that people are very dynamic. And so sometimes,the problem may be a result of the life circumstance or transitional period.
So for example, kid is in school. He's having difficulty coming to school on time. He's seemed very disoriented, very aggressive,and unable to focus in class. When you get to the life situations part, you may also find that the kid is homeless, or parentshave just been or is in a temporary shelter. Now, it's not that the kid has ADD, it's that the kid is now in a transitional space inhis life and may need more supports around him to get him through that position or through that time in his life.
If they're able to do that, if we get the kid into stable housing, then the behavior issues, or the lack of focus, or inattentivenesswill probably decrease. So it's not about medication at that point, it's more about stability in the home life. Understanding andrecognizing life settings makes it possible for us to be more strategic and specific in our interventions.
Now we're back to family history. The earlier slide talked about being able to track the key players in the situation. Now, this iswhere we begin to look at our genogram. And this is a great opportunity and expectation for us to use the information gainedfrom a genogram to help us better understand the family. So in this particular section, you can include the genogram thatyou've handwritten and drawn out, and/or you will also be able to list these things. What are some of inter-generationalrelationships that are occurring, that are salient to the situation? What is the historical family struggles? Is there a migrationhistory that's pertinent to the situation? What are some key turning points? Did someone recently pass? Has someone lost ajob? Is there a situation where the siblings are fighting because a person found out that their biological father was not theirfather?
There are a lot of things that go on in our family history that current behaviors or presentations of that history can lead us intocrisis. And you may see the crisis, but you recognize, this is something that just didn't happen once. There's been a patternrepeated throughout the family history. For example, addictions. Or if we look at a term that is often used in spiritual circles,inter-generational transmission, or generational curses, right? Some things that happen on one level can impact the next levelof the family. We want to make sure we see these things as patterns of interaction within the family and the family history, sowe can tend with it.
We also want to make sure-- again, this is where our other tool comes in, our eco-maps. I want to know, what are the otheroutside systems that are involved in this family's life? Who else are the players in here? Are we dealing with probation andparole? Are we dealing with homelessness and there's a shelter involved? Is there addictions counselors? Is there a churchgroup that's affiliated? Are there also Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts? Who are all the players, all the systems that are involved inthis family's life-- from a holistic standpoint, either short term or long term-- that we need to contend with?
So these two sections here, this brings us both our genogram and our eco-map-- brings those into play. We want to makesure, with my bad handwriting, that this is what we're looking at using all the tools that we have. And it comes together righthere.
Next thing we want to do is begin to describe what's happened in counseling. What has been your process thus far? How manytimes have you met? Where do you meet? Is there anything that stands out? Has there been any changes or shifts in therelationship or in the problem? Also, we want to know, what is your clinical assessment? Does the member of the family systemseem depressed or anxious? Is there any type of suicidality? Provide details pertaining to the risk situations. We want to knowwhat's going on in the process. What has their history been? What have you done? What are you planning to do?
Oftentimes, at the beginning of a case, there may not be much here. You may simply state, had a chance to meet with theclient-- you would do this in different language, but pretty much have this there-- we met three times. The client has beenengaged in counseling. We've looked at these particular issues. And that's as far as we're going to go. We don't have a lot ofdetails at this point.
But the goal is, as we conceptualize the case in totality, we're going to fill this out. So this becomes a working document. It's away of thinking and a way of assessing the client and presenting the information to the supervisors.
So after you defined what the problem is, or you're in your process of counseling, I want to know, what is your global specificassessment of the problem? How do you conceptualize the case? We want to be able to see what your thinking is, yourprognosis-- not what the client stated the problem is. But up to this point, what information do you have that is changing oraltering the way that you see what's going on? This is where your skill comes in, your detective skills, your ability to puttogether the storyline, to make a very clear example or statement of what you think is going on.
So I want to know, what do you think the prognosis of getting better is? Is this something that is a long term problem, or ashort term problem? Going back to the young person who may be in a transitional housing situation, it may seem while we'rein a position of frustration and a holding pattern and inability to engage in school, in three months, housing should beavailable. I would expect that the behavior would come back to normal during that point. Or you may be able to say, this isgoing to be a long term issue. So we need to develop a strategy to help the young person move through the situation whilehousing is still going to be up in the air. And there's no clear plan of action. I want to know what you think about it.
Next, we're going to say, now you told me what you think about it, what is your plan of action? How are you going to move the client forward? What's the treatment plan? How often are you meeting? Are you meeting in school? What other players do weneed to bring into the situation? How will you be helpful to the client? What approaches to interventions will you use to movethem forward? This is your treatment plan. Everything has to have a plan. Everything should be intentional. Everything shouldbe very deliberate.
Your plan can't be, we're going to keep meeting to see what happens. That's not a plan. That's not scientific. It's not logical. Itshould be something where you feel very confident or can entertain through dialogue with your classmates or your supervisora plan of action.
Lastly, we want to be able to track the input from our supervisors and colleagues. This is critical. This is an assessment on twolevels. One, it sees if you are able to get feedback and provide feedback. And two, are you able to really understand what themajority of people think is a good option for your client? And when I say the majority of people, ultimately in supervision, thatsupervisor or the person who is leading the course or providing the feedback, has a level of responsibility to provide you clear,sound judgment and strategy to move forward. So in this section, the question is, or the task is for you to record the feedbackfrom the supervisor regarding the client and strategy as a counselor.
Again, if I am your supervisor, and I say, maybe you should look at this. Maybe you should look at that. Do more inspiration inthis area. Find out some resources. You're doing a great job on this area, but you might need to limit that. Those aresuggestions, things to think about, things that I want to see you explore. There's feedback from your colleagues. Those are allthings we want to be able to record and see you putting in place or into action at some point.
The next section, which is very, very imperative-- and the difference between these two is critical-- is the supervisor'sdirectives are things that you kind of have to do. The one above is input. The one below is, I need you to go call DCFS, becausethis is something that needs to be reported. And your task at that point is to go call DCFS to report this incident. Some thingsare suggestions, some things are directives. We want to be very clear about what they are and put them in the right category.The last thing you want to do is not take care of or support your young people or the families in schools because of ourinability to receive feedback and put those things into place.
So this is the process that I've developed, and the format that we want to do our case conceptualizations. As you see, it's aglobal assessment. It's very specific, but also, it gives a general state of where we are. If you're presenting this back, this canbe done in a 15 to 20 minute presentation. We know, or people will know, how well you know this client-- how well you knowthe family, how well we know the situation surrounding people in the environment-- based off your ability to complete theseparticular areas and present the information in a very fluid way.
As you see, it leads you and guides you through all the steps. If this is the assessment that you do on a daily basis, you'd be ina pretty good position to at least be able to present and talk about your families and your young people from a position ofauthority and knowledge, as compared to a position of saying, I don't know. I'm not sure. Let me figure this out. It should be,that's a great question. Let me see what I'm going to do to figure out how to get the information. And I will get back to you.
And as you see, this is a three page document. Your case conceptualization may end up being a lengthy document. But that'sOK. You'll be able to type it in, make adjustments, simplify, clarify. At one point, the presenting problem might be threeparagraphs because of a lot of information, but at the end, you know you're going to be able to reduce it down to threesentences because it's a level of clarity. So don't feel as if you have to fill out the document in the sequence that waspresented. Put the information in. Do your analysis. Take feedback, and then move forward with your cases.
This is the process we want to go through so we can be very diligent and strategic about how we work with families on anongoing consistent basis. In addition, when you're working with multiple cases, you have to have a categorization of howyou're going to retain all this information over the lifetime of a case. So it's very important to have a system that is organized,and detailed, and structured, to help us be able to manage the information that we're working with.
Question#7 See attached Sheet
Use the case conceptualization form as presented in the case conceptualization lecture. Identify one of your case studies and complete a case conceptualization. Fill in the conceptualization form as presented in the case conceptualization lecture and upload your document here.
Please upload your response to this card. The file name should be "First Name_Last Name_Case Conceptualization Lecture."
It Chapter 12 we will discuss the ethical issues as they pertain to group work. So we'll grasp the key ethical aspects in trainingand supervision of group leaders, explain ethical issues and diversity training for group workers, describe guidelines formulticultural and social justice competence in group work, recognize some of the ethical considerations involved in co-leadership of groups, discuss ethical issues in forming a group, identify ethical issues in screening and selecting members of agroup, clarify ethical issues in working with involuntary group members, delineate some psychological risk involved in groupparticipation, understand the role and limitations of confidentiality in groups, summarize privacy and confidentiality issuesinvolved with social media in group work, describe what is involved in ethical and effective termination in group work, anddifferentiate between evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence in group work.
See attached ASGW Best Practices attachement
So as you have ethical issues in your training, there's also ethical issues in training and supervision of group leaders. So theyneed to understand professional training standards, such as knowledge competencies and skill competencies, as well astraining for various types of groups, be they task and work groups, psychoeducational groups, group counseling, and grouppsychotherapy. You'll probably find more of the group counseling in schools versus psychoeducational group psychotherapyand task and work groups.
Recommendations for training for group workers are self-exploration and experiential groups, personal psychotherapy, groupsupervision, and an observation of group therapy sessions. So you'll be doing a lot self-exploration in your master's programs,and you will also get an opportunity to do some group supervision to understand what it is to work with a group, particularlycounselees in a K-12 setting.
What are some of those recommendations for group techniques? You have to have a therapeutic purpose-- in our case, it'd bemaybe from a counseling theory or purpose in and of itself of a type of group it is; be granted in a theoretical framework; theclient's self-exploration should be fostered. So get to know your counselee. Have them to do so self-exploration in terms ofwhy they believe, one, they're in a group and what they can do to help themselves based upon the purpose of the group.
Modify group techniques for culturally diverse clients. You can modify in terms of being more culturally sensitive to whatgroups look like in a counseling situation. They may not look as academically put together as you might see in texts andthings of that nature, but it might be a little bit different in terms of how groups work to help themselves. So those are thingsyou have to keep in mind when you're putting together groups and also being a group leader.
Group techniques should be introduced in a timely and sensitive matter. In other words, whatever it is that you intend to do inyour group, that should be the first few things you do in your sessions right away so your counselees understand what thegroup is about, and how they are to operate in that group, and to be family and aware of the potential impact of a groupcounseling technique.
So as there are great group techniques, what's unethical use of group techniques? It's unethical for group leaders to do thefollowing-- things that are unfamiliar. We talked about this earlier-- where you're getting into a group counseling situation,you're at a school setting, but you're introducing things into the group that really don't connect with what's happening inschools-- really isn't focused on academic career or social emotional development. So you have to be very, very careful. It's OKto introduce new things but not so unfamiliar that you may disrupt the counseling-- the group counseling session and therelationship because it isn't as related to school.
They serve a hidden agenda or enhance power. So you might promote your own agenda and really-- once again, doesn't haveto do with the academic career and/or social emotional development of your counselee. So be very, very careful with that.Solely to create an intense atmosphere and to pressure members or deprive them of their dignity. This is not a power strugglewhen you're dealing with counselees in a public school. This is to help your counselees in a good setting by working withinthat process versus coming in saying, OK, I'm going to try my own thing out; this should work better for our counselees, whichyou might find yourself in a little bit of trouble if you come in there a little too off the beaten path.
So how do you know it is working? How do you know that what you're doing has been impactful in a group setting? What isevidence-based practice in group work? So what has been done in the past? Who has it been done with? How did it work? Andhow do we work that for our counselees that are here? Can we utilize this? Do we have to modify it in certain ways?
The practice-based approach to group work. In other words, practice makes perfect, but as we practice, what works for thatparticular group? Because it may work very differently for another group than another group. And feedback-informedtreatment-- an evidence-based practice that monitors your counselees change, it identifies modifications, and they're neededto enhance the counseling endeavor.
So after they have participated in your group and they've gone on back to class, you do a follow-up, based on the purpose ofthe group, have they improved? What have they enhanced? Have they diminished? Which tells you there might be some thingsyou may need to change about the group, or you might need to think about who's in your group why those things may havechanged, be it socioculturally, be it environmentally-- what has changed and maybe even how has that impacted the leading ofyour group?
Question #8
Think about the schools you attended. Discuss your memories of group counseling that was and/or was not available. Describe how you became aware of group counseling whether now or then. Talk about your beliefs about group counseling and how it could have been helpful for you.
This segment will cover FERPA or the Family Educational Records Privacy Act. FERPA is a term that you will hear regularly inyour role as a school counselor, and it is an important consideration as you interact with students, teachers, parents, andoutside community agencies.
FERPA gives parents control over and right to all of their child's educational records. This includes all school records andentries into the student information system, but does not include your private notes. Schools are obligated to provide parentsa copy of their student records within five days of a written or verbal request. A child obtains control over his or her recordswhen they become 18 or financially independent or if the student becomes pregnant or has a baby. Schools must informparents of these FERPA rights on an annual basis.
Individuals gain access to student records if they demonstrate legitimate educational interests. For example, they're acting inan official capacity such as teacher or supervisor or the information is helpful in their work with the student. School guards orlaw enforcement get access only when necessary to protect the safety of students or another individual. Make sure that youbecome familiar with the policies regarding parent access and request for student information.