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Running head: OBESITY 1 OBESITY 5 Obesity Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Obesity as a Socio-Cultural Issue Obesity is a nutritional disorder that involves excessive accumulation of energy in form of fats as per weight, height, gender, and race.

It is therefore distributed into factors such the socio-cultural factors and cultural factors. Under the socio-cultural factors, aspects of concern include social roles, circumstances, and socio-economic position (Syrad et al., 2015).

1. worldwidescience.org

Obesity is a serious issue of concern since it explains various issues that results to the occurrence of obesity. In other words, through the exploitation of this topic, it is believed that serious possible solutions may be recommended.

It provides possible solutions to the prevention of obesity and how it can be dealt with in instances where it has happened. The topic provides knowledge of health and general development of a child.

There are various theories that explain the significance of obesity that are in terms of child development. In the case of child development the parents are at the front line in providing their child with the right nutrition to control obesity as far as it is concerned (Syrad et al., 2015).

Some of the theories that explain this include homeostatic theory of obesity, Erikson theory, theory of thermogenesis, fat cell theory, set point theory, theory of planned behaviour, external cue theory, ecological theory of obesity, behavioral susceptibility theory of obesity, and Schechter’s externality theory of obesity.

1. science.gov 2. worldwidescience.org

Based on the theoretical frameworks of the homeostatic theory of obesity, it is acknowledge that the development of human beings as far as their health is concerned; it is regulated and monitored by homeostasis which is all human beings property.

In this case, this property of all humans maintains a stable equilibrium of the internal components while they get in contact with the external environment. Hence obesity is part of the homeostatic imbalance in the psychological sphere (Syrad et al., 2015).

The theory makes an assumption that when there is equilibrium of the five path ways feedback that is; a circle of content, the occurrence of obesity is controlled When there is an alternation of five path ways feedback that is high levels of dissatisfaction, negative effect, consumption, and increased body weight brings about the circle of discontent.

Automatically this causes a direct impact to the homeostasis that is of a negative feedback hence the instability in the control of weight gain. Any activation of the four processes that are involved in the circle of content affects the neighbors.

Based on the Erikson’s theory of obesity that is the development psychology. He is concerned with the development from birth through the old age (Syrad et al., 2015). He claims that between the age of one and three years this is when a child is likely to be obese.

He contradicts with this statement by showing how the child at this stage is more active. He says the child is learning to do new things such as to walk, talk, feed themselves, and climb among other things which would definitely prevent the child from obesity.

On the other hand, the fat cell theory states that the creation of new fat cells is much easier than losing the old ones. It explains how a body is programmed to have a specific number of cells.

During the growth there is an increase in the number of the fat cells and case of the expenditure is less than the energy intake the fat cell start to increase in the size.

When this exceeds to higher levels that is the intake energy is high than the expenditure energy and the fat cells are at their maximum size, their number start to increase.

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it is this uncontrolled increase in energy that may result into obesity (Syrad et al., 2015). Based on the theoretical frameworks of the set point theory which states that the body’s weight is maintained at a stable range known as the set point, it is acknowledged that regardless of the variability of the energy intake and energy expenditure, the body is able to maintain its weight by adjusting the appetite, hunger, and intake in food energy.

Apparently, this is relative to the metabolism that makes it difficult for anyone to alter the body weight .The internal regulatory controls are integral in maintenance of the normal body weight and fat level.

Consequently, individuals have different set points; some have a high set point while others have a low set point. This set point can be altered when the individuals are involved in consistent exercise.

Subsequently, the theory of planned behaviour which was proposed by Icek Ajzen states the attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control shape up an individual’s behavioral intensions and behaviour (Galván, et al., 2014).

It is mainly based on the studies of relations among attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours in fields such as health care, advertising, and public relations. There have been a number of research works that have been conducted to confirm this relationship.

For instance, (Syrad et al., (2015) did a study to bring out the factors that result to high consumption of soda in a population of 707 female students of age 13-18 years of the North Los Angeles Country Public Schools.

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The findings of research indicated that, the behaviour of high consumption of soda at the school was due to the adolescent stage of the students. Additionally, the external cue theory states that people overeat as a response to stimuli in their surroundings (Danese & Tan, 2014).

To back this up Currie et al (2010) did a study to support this theory by investigating 3 million children and 3 million pregnant mothers on how they are affected by consuming food from the fast food restaurants (Sahoo et al., 2015).

A fast food restaurants about 0.1miles from the school results to approximately 5.2% obesity to the children and fast food restaurant about 0.5 mile from the home of women results to about 1.6% obesity (Danese & Tan, 2014).

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Based on the ecological theory of obesity acknowledges that obesity is a normal physiology within a pathogenically environment. The theory states that the increase in the prevalence of obesity is due to the obesogenic environment.

Hence causing a significant need to understand, measure, and alter the obesogenic environment to reduce obesity. A study

that was conducted by Danese & Tan, (2014) meant to establish solutions to the environmental policies and social changes that contribute to the high prevalence of obesity looked at the environmental and policy factors that relate to eating and physical activities (Harrist et al.,2016).

Consequently, the behavioral susceptibility theory of obesity acknowledges that the main factor that results to obesity occurrence is genetics of an individual. Hence the difference in appetite and environmental exposure determines the individual’s ability to gain weight (Danese & Tan, 2014).

The Americans view obesity as a nutritional disorder. They put various strategies in order to reduce they occurrence of obesity. Campaign against obesity delivered with different platforms has been influential in creating awareness about some of the ways in which individuals can eliminate the challenge posed by obesity in their lives.

In this case, it is the responsibility of the healthcare professionals and nutritionists participating in these campaigns to educate the people on proper health. As a result, in order to prevent obesity the consumption of oily foods should reduced, more physicals exercises, proper eating habits and education on proper health care must be implemented.

References Syrad, H., Falconer, C., Cooke, L., Saxena, S., Kessel, A. S., Viner, R., ... & Croker, H. (2015). ‘Health and happiness is more important than weight’: a qualitative investigation of the views of parents receiving written feedback on their child's weight as part of the National Child Measurement Programme.

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Journal of human nutrition and dietetics, 28(1), 47-55. Danese, A., & Tan, M. (2014). Childhood maltreatment and obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Molecular psychiatry, 19(5), 544-554. Galván, M., Uauy, R., López-Rodríguez, G., & Kain, J.

(2014). Association between childhood obesity, cognitive development, physical fitness and social-emotional wellbeing in a transitional economy. Annals of human biology, 41(2), 101-106. Harrist, A. W., Swindle, T. M., Hubbs?Tait, L., Topham, G.

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L., Shriver, L. H., & Page, M. C. (2016). The social and emotional lives of overweight, obese, and severely obese children. Child development, 87(5), 1564-1580. Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N.

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Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015). Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary care, 4(2), 187.

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