Argumentative Research Paper

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CITING SOURCES

MLA STYLE

Why Cite Sources?

  • To avoid plagiarism
  • To credit the source with the original idea or information
  • To lend credibility and authority to a thesis
  • To back up ideas with credible illustrations, known facts, and accepted statistics

Plagiarism

  • Plagiarism is a crime – it is the the theft of someone’s else’s words, ideas, or research.
  • If you commit plagiarism, you can fail a course, be expelled from college, lose your job.
  • The easiest route to plagiarism today is cutting and pasting from the internet.

Avoid Plagiarism

  • Introduce any material you have borrowed from another source with a signal phrase that mentions the author (or if there is no author, the title ) of the source.
  • Put in quotation marks, any phrase or sentence(s) you have borrowed from the source.
  • If the quotation is longer than 3 lines, indent the quoted words.
  • ANY PHRASES OR SENTENCES QUOTED EXACTLY AND NOT IN QUOTATION MARKS OR INDENTED ARE PLAGIARIZED.

THERE IS

-0-

TOLERANCE

FOR PLAGIARISM IN THIS COURSE

You will Fail

Help is Here

  • If you are confused about what plagiarism is or how to cite sources, please make an appointment with me to clarify any issues you might have. 
  • If this is a last minute issue, email me, and I will try to respond promptly. 

Internal Documentation

Citing Sources in the
Text of an Essay

What Needs To Be Cited?

  • Quotations
  • Paraphrased ideas
  • Summarized information
  • Facts
  • Statistics
  • Studies
  • When in doubt, acknowledge the source of the information

Ways To Cite Sources Include:

  • Quotation
  • Paraphrase
  • Summary

Parenthetical Citation

  • The parenthetical citation must match the first word of the Works Cited citation -- usually the author’s last name -- and must include the page number of the quote, if taken from a paginated text: (Bragg 123).


Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country
Music and Pigs.” in Somebody Told Me: The
Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of
Alabama P, 2000. 123-25.

Quotation

  • In a quotation, the exact words of the source are quoted in quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes
  • Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase: Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson:

In his article about the new Florida meeting the old Florida, Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson, “‘Now who,’” Mr. Thompson said, ‘would choose to build a golf course next to a pig farm? Didn’t they read the sign? It says pig farm, not rose garden’” (123).

Quotation

  • Long quotes, quotes over 4 lines, should be indented and do not include quotation marks:
    According to Rick Bragg:
    Lawyers for the club have said that Mr.
    Thompson and the neighbor who also raises
    music-accented pork, Tom Rossano, want the
    club to buy their properties at an inflated price,
    to gain peace and quiet. (124)

Paraphrase

  • In a paraphrase the writer restates what the author has said in his/her own words. A paraphrase is also introduced with a signal phrase, and the source of the information must be cited:

Bragg tells us that the country club has sued Mr. Thompson, not because of the smell, but because of the distraction caused by the country music (123).

Summary

  • In a summary, the writer states in an abbreviated form the idea that the original author has expressed. A summary is also introduced with a signal phrase, and source information must be cited:

Rick Bragg describes a scene in Pt. St. Lucie where an old established pig farm wafts its manure-laden fragrance mixed with country music over to its next-door-neighbor, the manicured Florida Club golf course (123).

Remember...

  • All information borrowed from another source must be acknowledged with a parenthetical citation
  • Introduce borrowed information with a signal phrase:

According to Alice Ames, ...

John Smith says….

Samuel Jones tells us…

In a study by Dr. Elizabeth Owens, ...

Remember...

  • The parenthetical citation must match the first word of the Works Cited citation, usually the author’s last name, and include a page reference.
  • Quotes repeat the author’s exact words.
  • Paraphrases restate the author’s words in the writer’s own words.
  • Summaries abbreviate the author’s words.

Bibliographies
and
Works Cited Lists

What’s the Difference?

  • A Bibliography lists all the sources consulted in research for a specific essay.

A Preliminary Bibliography or Working Bibliography lists all the sources the writer thinks s/he will be using in the essay

  • A Works Cited lists all the works actually cited in the text of the essay.
  • Both a Bibliography and Works Cited list are formatted in the same way.

Overall Format

  • The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations.
  • The citation list is double-spaced throughout.
  • The citation list is alphabetized.
  • If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, underlined or italicized if a book.
  • The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.

Sample Citations:

MLA FORMAT

A Book

Bragg, Rick. Somebody Told Me: The

Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa:

U of Alabama P, 2000.

author title of book

subtitle of book city of publication

publisher year of publication

Chapter in a Book

Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy:

Country Music and Pigs.” 1999. Rpt. Somebody

Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg.

Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 123-25.

author title of chapter

original publication date reprint

city publisher year of publication

inclusive chapter pages

title of book subtitle of book

Work in an Anthology

Whitman, Walt. “Osceola.” 1892. Florida in Poetry:.

A History of the Imagination. Eds. Jane Anderson

author title of work title of book

original publication date

publisher year of publication

inclusive pages of work

subtitle of book editors

Jones and Maurice O’Sullivan. Sarasota:

Pineapple Press, 1995. 30-31.

city

Article in a Multi-Volume Reference Work

Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets."

1974. Exc. in "Audre Lord.” Contemporary

Literary Criticism. Vol. 18. Ed. Sharon R.

Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. 307-08.

author title of work

original date volume editor

city publisher year of publication

inclusive pages of work

excerpted title of article title of reference work

Article in a Journal

Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum:

The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council.

XXII.2 (Summer 1999): 8-17.

author title of article name of journal

volume number date inclusive pages of article

Article in a Journal found in an Online Database

author title of article

name of journal

Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since

Sappho." Los Angeles Times Book Review

18 Mar. 1990. 3+. Galenet: Literature

Resource Center. 10 Jan. 2004.

date pages publisher database

date accessed

Article found on an
Internet Site

author title of webpage date posted

name of website

Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." 1997. 

Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated Chinese Women.

Trans. Kate Foster. 10 Feb. 2000

< http://www.span.com.au/100women/18.html > .

translator date accessed

URL: web address

Works Cited

Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and

Pigs.” 1999. Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories

of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000. 123-25.

______. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg.

Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 2000.

Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since Sappho." Los Angeles

Times Book Review 18 Mar. 1990. 3+. Galenet: Literature

Resource Center. 10 Jan. 2004.

Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets." 1974. Exc. in

"Audre Lord.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 18.

Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, 1982. 307-08.

Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." 1997.  Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated

Chinese Women. Trans. Kate Foster. 10 Feb. 2000

< http://www.span.com.au/100women/18.html > .

Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: The Magazine of the

Florida Humanities Council. XXII.2 (Summer 1999): 8-17.

Whitman, Walt. “Osceola.” 1892. Florida in Poetry: A History of the

Imagination. Eds. Jane Anderson Jones and Maurice O’Sullivan.

Sarasota: Pineapple Press, 1995. 30-31.

REMEMBER…

  • The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations.
  • The citation list is double-spaced throughout.
  • The citation list is alphabetized.
  • If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, underlined or italicized if a book.
  • The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.


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