7.4 Abstract and Recommendations and Conclusion

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7.4 In this assignment, you will submit the Abstract and Recommendations and Conclusions components of your research paper.

Abstract: An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, the major aspects of the entire paper in a prescribed sequence that includes: 1) the overall purpose of the study and the research problem(s) you investigated; 2) the basic design of the study; 3) major findings or trends found as a result of your analysis; and, 4) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.

Recommendations and Conclusions: 2-3 pages

Prof Comment on outline:

You did a great job on the annotated bibliography but you need to review Module 1.6 for the items missing from the Outline. For your convenience I have listed those here. You do have a few, but missing ones such as the first couple: Abstract Introduction/Problem statement or research question Comparative research Cost estimation Risk assessment Regulatory/legal considerations Analysis, Conclusions, and Recommendations (2-3 pages) I will be looking for each of these in the paper. Please let me know if any questions.

Previous comments on introduction/Problem statement:

It looks like you are off to a good start. I am seeing some of the items from 1.6 included here, so it looks like you can safely proceed. Those items will be my checklist when grading the final paper. I do recommend picking a specific type of DJI drone, your intro is currently too general. In addition please be careful of too much repetition. Modifications and upgrades for power line inspection you are proposing sound promising. I recommend to try and include plenty of your own thoughts and analysis. Good start.

Module 1.6 Research Paper Requirements

· 10-12 double-spaced pages of content (not including title page, references, etc.). There are no bonus points for going past 12 pages; part of the learning exercise is to be able to say what needs to be said in the prescribed length.

· Current APA Manual format - See this Sample APA Paper (PDF)/Purdue. (Links to an external site.)

· Must include:

· Title page

· Abstract

· Introduction/Problem statement or research question

· Comparative research

· Cost estimation

· Risk assessment

· Regulatory/legal considerations

· Analysis, Conclusions, and Recommendations (2-3 pages)

· References Page

· Pictures, figures, diagrams, and tables as required – add as an appendix if needed (not counted toward page count requirement).

All of the following topics must be covered in your paper:

· Description and purpose of your unmanned system - Identify the need for the system (political, economic, social issues), the problem being solved, and the unmanned system's impact.

· Explanation of the unmanned system's design that contributes to the mission, including:

· Type of power source and power storage capability

· The choice of the propulsion system

· How the system maneuvers

· The environment in which the system operates

· Operational environment considerations that have factored into the design.

· The outcome and lasting impact of the unmanned system

Annotated bibliography and outline:

Redesigning DJI Drone to Perform Power Line and Infrastructure

Riofrio, M. (2017). DJI's rugged Matrice 200 series drones go where no drone has gone before. Retrieved from: https://www.pcworld.com/article/3174277/djis-rugged-matrice-200-series-drones-go-where-no-drone-has-gone-before.html. Accessed 28 May 2020.

This article details the introduction of the M200 series by the Drone leader DJI. The launch of the M200 series took place on a windy mountaintop. The DJI drone can function in extremely harsh conditions hence making them indispensable to various fields such as construction. According to the article, the M200 series targets demanding customers. It also has different functionalities, such as the IP43 rating. IP stands for International Protection Rating. Further, the drone can withstand enclosure intrusion.

Perlman, A. (2017). DJI’s Matrice 200, and How DJI Is Winning the Drone Industry. Retrieved from: https://uavcoach.com/djis-matrice-200-winning-drone-industry/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Perlman, in his article, blames DJI for the challenges experienced by significant players in the consumer drone industry for a couple of months. He believes that DJI’s business strategies, such as the marketing power, cannot be matched. The article also introduces the M200 series and describes some of its characteristics. Perlman further discusses the diversification and conquering strategy of DJI that helps it see opportunities in the industry and pursue them aggressively. The article also shows different pictures of the matrice.

DJI Enterprise. (2019). M200 Series: a new tool for power-line inspections. Retrieved from: https://enterprise.dji.com/news/detail/m200-power-line-inspection-tool#:~:text=Ordinary%20drones%20require%20inspectors%20to,ten%20meters%20away%20or%20more. Accessed 28 May 2020.

The article discusses the safety and reliability of the M200 series and how it perfectly fits the needs and requirements of the Zhaotong Power Supply Bureau. For instance, the generation of the magnetic field around transmission towers and power lines, but the inbuilt D-RTK can withstand the magnetic interference. The article also recommends thermal and optical images for a detailed comparison of the inspected devices. Lastly, the report proposes the M200 Series as a novel business tool since it has satisfied the power line maintenance and inspection needs with more robust features and functions.

Feist, J. (2017). DJI introduces the M200 series professional drones. Retrieved from: https://dronerush.com/dji-m200-series-professional-drones-6520/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Feist discusses the impending launch of the M200 series professional drones and its distinct features. For instance, the M200 series versatility is a result of the numerous accessory options for each. The camera option is also a critical facet. The drone supports most of the existing cameras in the stables of the DJI. However, the essential feature is the ADS-B receiver in the M200 series. The receiver gives information on the traffic advisory from a neighboring aircraft.

Karpowicz, J. (2017). DJI Announces the M200, a Drone Series Built For Enterprise Solutions. Retrieved from: https://www.commercialuavnews.com/infrastructure/dji-announces-m200-drone-series-built-enterprise-solutions. Accessed 28 May 2020.

The article begins with a description of the M200 series features stating that its design is specifically for data collection and aerial inspection. The author also discusses the importance of the M200 series. A case in point is the upward-facing camera whose function is to assist with activities such as bridge inspections, which requires the drone flying below something or lookup. The article also details the challenges that commercial drone operators face. The operators piece their software and hardware solutions together.

McNabb, M (2017). The Top 5 Drones for Inspections. Retrieved from: https://dronelife.com/2017/03/14/top-5-drones-inspections/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

McNabb, in her article, offers advice on the top five drones for inspection. Various experts also give their opinions on how the inspection should take place. One of the experts asserts that the inspection process depends on numerous facets, such as location, asset, weather, and inspection frequency. One of the top 5 drones used in inspection encompasses DJI Inspire, which is a prosumer drone with numerous benefits for professionals charged with the inspection process.

Cichella, V., Marinho, T., Stipanović, D., Hovakimyan, N., Kaminer, I., & Trujillo, A. (2018). Collision avoidance based on line-of-sight angle. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 89(1-2), 139-153. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1007/s10846-017-0517-6

This article discusses the importance of UAV in critical infrastructure monitoring. Some of the developed technologies that will address the safety issues concerning detect and avoid. The key factors in the collision avoidance system. The potential success of a given collision avoidance system. The problems associated with collision detection. Further, the article proposes a solution to the collision avoidance problem. It discusses the simulation results. The dynamics of the UAV when flying at a constant altitude. Finally, it shows how collision avoidance can be achieved upon knowledge of the line-of-sight (LOS).

Ozdemir, U., Aktas, Y. O., Vuruskan, A., Dereli, Y., Tarhan, A. F., Demirbag, K., . . . Inalhan, G. (2014). Design of a commercial hybrid VTOL UAV system. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems, 74(1-2), 371-393. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1007/s10846-013-9900-0

This article discusses the Design VTOL UAV System. The UAVs demand due to their advantages in comparison to manned vehicles. The flexibility in configuration based on customer needs. Operations that require vertical take-off and landing in limited runway space. The article also discusses making the UAV system cost-efficient for different civilian applications. Further, it explains the ability to hover for stationary measurement and tracking. It reviews the design process of both vertical take-off and landing and Conventional Take-off and Landing (CTOL) capability. Finally, the article discusses how UAVs bring minimal risk and cost advantage to numerous civilian applications.

Outline

· The M200 series is a DJI drone type and has a quadcopter design.

· The objective of the M200 series is to inspect massive structures such as power lines and energy infrastructures.

· The M200 series’ dual-battery power system heats batteries when inspecting sub-zero temperatures.

· Outfitting the M200 series' with flexible solar cells to maximize endurance. Gallium Arsenide is widely used for such applications.

· How the M200 series’ performance is compared to other drones when used in powerline inspection.

· The introduction of the M200 series into the commercial-grade drone market was for industrial and enterprise use.

· The series uses the newest image of technology transmission from DJI. The technology is known as Ocusync 2.0. The technology transmits up to 1080 P live video in a range of 5 miles.

· Key factors of VTOL UAVs to power industry infrastructure inspection.

· Operate the M200 series beyond line of sight for ongoing power line inspections to reduce costs and improve safety in the mountainous terrain.

· It is possible to fly the M200 series in a wide range of environmental conditions due to its enclosed design that ensures water and weather resistance.

· Cost estimates (drone, modifications, and operating).

· Risk Assessment when used in challenging terrain and different weather conditions.

· Regulatory/legal considerations: State and local regulations, and FAA's Small UAS eligibility and requirements. Legal requirements to ensure safe practice.

· The M200 series' design is for endurance. Its ultimate aerial productivity platform combines simple configurability and rugged design to function as a solution for various industrial applications.

References

Feist, J. (2017). DJI introduces the M200 series professional drones. Retrieved from: https://dronerush.com/dji-m200-series-professional-drones-6520/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

McNabb, M (2017). The Top 5 Drones for Inspections. Retrieved from: https://dronelife.com/2017/03/14/top-5-drones-inspections/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Perlman, A. (2017). DJI’s Matrice 200, and How DJI Is Winning the Drone Industry. Retrieved from: https://uavcoach.com/djis-matrice-200-winning-drone-industry/. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Riofrio, M. (2017). DJI's rugged Matrice 200 series drones go where no drone has gone before. Retrieved from: https://www.pcworld.com/article/3174277/djis-rugged-matrice-200-series-drones-go-where-no-drone-has-gone-before.html. Accessed 28 May 2020.

Drones Beyond Line of Sight Approved for Denver Power Line Inspections. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.efficientgov.com/energy/articles/drones-beyond-line-of-sight-approved-for-denver-power-line-inspections-HSEosst6csTV0DhH/

S. Montambault, J. Beaudry, K. Toussaint and N. Pouliot, "On the application of VTOL UAVs to the inspection of power utility assets," 2010 1st International Conference on Applied Robotics for the Power Industry, Montreal, QC, 2010, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/CARPI.2010.5624443. Retrieved from https://ieeexplore-ieee-org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/document/5624443

Barta, L. M. (2016). Rate me: Risk assessment drones and the resurrection of discriminatory insurance practices. Washington and Lee Law Review, 73(3), 1549-1600. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/1870932337?accountid=27203

Andika, A., Kaikatui, R., & Letsoin, V. (2019). Design of power supply circuit used thin-film solar cell for drones. IOP Conference Series., 343. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/343/1/012224

All You Need to Know About Power Line Inspections with the Use of Drones. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://response.esmartsystems.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-power-line-inspections-with-the-use-of-drones#7.%20Regulations%20on%20Drones%20in%20Power%20Line%20Inspections

Introduction

The M200 series is a DJI drone type and has a quadcopter design. The objective of the M200 series is to inspect massive structures such as power lines and energy infrastructures. The M200 series’ dual-battery power system heats batteries when inspecting sub-zero temperatures. The introduction of the M200 series into the commercial-grade drone market was for industrial and enterprise use. The series uses the newest image of technology transmission from DJI. The technology is known as Ocusync 2.0. The technology transmits up to 1080 P live video in a range of 5 miles. It is possible to fly the M200 series in a wide range of environmental conditions due to its enclosed design that ensures water and weather resistance. The M200 series' design is for endurance. Its ultimate aerial productivity platform combines simple configurability and rugged design to function as a solution for various industrial applications.

Power line and infrastructure inspection are much risky and dangerous. Nevertheless, the inspection is as well vital hence making it essential to use the appropriate inspection drone. Sending workers to perform the inspections can result in injuries or even deaths. The helicopters can as well be used to perform the inspections on the power lines and infrastructures, but they also pose their risks (AeroVironment RQ-14 Drasgon Eye / Swift, n.d.). Majority of the companies responsible for such inspections have adopted the strategy of using the unmanned aerial vehicles to perform the inspections. The use of drones in such inspections helps in minimizing any possible risks on the workers.

DJI M200 Series1 needs to be redesigned most appropriately to perform the inspection. Redesigning DJI M200 Series1 assists in minimizing the possibilities of the workers for coming into contact with the toxic chemicals or even the high voltage equipment. DJI M200 Series1 would assist the workers in surveying the structures and the power lines while being at a safe place (Haye, 2019). Unlike the other drones, DJI M200 Series1 would help in providing the inspector flights that are beyond the visual line of sight. Using the DJI M200 Series1 drones in the inspection would minimize the number of miles that the inspectors have to drive to perform the inspection.

Majority of the power line and infrastructure inspections required the inspectors to conduct them in traditional ways. The routine inspection caused harm to many people. Using the DJI M200 Series1 drones promotes safety and efficiency in the inspection operations. The benefit of using the DJI M200 Series1 drones in the inspections is that they can as well be applied even when the conditions become more hazardous. The pilots operating the DJI M200 Series1 drones need to ensure they use the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) automated Low Altitude Authorization and Notification Capability (LAANC).

The pilots flying the DJI M200 Series1 drones need to coordinate with the rest of the pilots flying other drones as part of ensuring they maximize safety whenever conducting inspections on the power lines and infrastructures. Redesigning the DJI M200 Series1 drones would play an important role in maintaining their reliability whenever conducting the power line and infrastructure inspection. That is mainly because the DJI M200 Series1 drones help the inspection managers in conducting the inspections more frequently in order to obtain reliable data. Unlike using other drones, DJI M200 Series1 drones provide a more timely understanding of what power line and infrastructures require more attention compared to others.

Using the DJI M200 Series1 drones in the power line and infrastructure inspections helps different agencies in ensuring they mitigate corporate risks. Applying the DJI M200 Series1 drones in the inspections would help in keeping the workforce out of harm together with saving the corporations time that they may be engaged in the inspection process (AeroVironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye / Swift, n.d.). The safety recovery that is maintained by the DJI M200 Series1 drones can help in minimizing any form of costs that may be engaged in different activities, including compensation insurance. Reliability of the data provided by the DJI M200 Series1 drone helps organizations become more compliant to the environmental regulations which may promote more risk-abatement befits.

A key reason for using the DJI M200 Series1 drones is because it applies the Dragon Eye. The Dragon Eye helps in ensuring the DJI M200 Series1 drone effectively evaluates the power line and infrastructure that is under study. Although the deployment of such a system is considered a success, it is as well associated with some weaknesses. The key problem is that the system lacks the capability of zooming different infrastructures that are under study. The Dragon Eye may as well lack the capability of operating effectively especially during the night, therefore, being important to redesign the cameras in a way that they can operate effectively during the night (Haye, 2019). Although other drones can perform the inspections although not in the same manner conducted by the DJI M200 Series1 drones, the DJI M200 Series1 drones need to be redesigned in a way that they can perform the inspections on power line and infrastructure.

References

Haye, K. (2019). Impossible Aerospace provides 4K footage of US-1 drone in flight. Retrieved from https://dronedj.com/2019/03/12/impossible-aerospace-us-1-drone/

AeroVironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye / Swift. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app2/q-14.html

References

Haye, K. (2019). Impossible Aerospace provides 4K footage of US-1 drone in flight. Retrieved from https://dronedj.com/2019/03/12/impossible-aerospace-us-1-drone/

AeroVironment RQ-14 Dragon Eye / Swift. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app2/q-14.html