Nursing

University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center

Clinical Laboratory Sciences Program 518 and 601

Intro to Research and Research Methods

Literature Article Review and Presentation

Instructions: With this assignment, I will choose a paper that you will: 1) write a two-page review about the article, and 2) write a 20-30 min PPT presentation that you will present in class during the weeks of Nov 29-Dec 10th. The brief review will be two pages in length and will summarize the following items: -Purpose of the study -Hypothesis or goal of the study -Methods and materials used in the study -A summary of results and discussion -Brief discussion of the importance of the study The PowerPoint presentation will reiterate the content of the summary and will demonstrate your presentation skills. Please be sure to upload the completed PPT into BlackBoard. The review assignment will be due by December 10th. The presentation will be given on the day that you are scheduled between Nov 29th and Dec 10th. The total points available for the article review and the presentation are 100 points (50 points each). The rubric for the article review below will be used along with the weighted percentage to determine the total points earned out of 50.

1 point 2 points 3 points Grammar and

Spelling (20%)

Poor grammar and spelling

used. Substantial number of errors and

issues within the document

Adequate grammar and

spelling used. A number of

errors present within the document

Excellent use of grammar and spelling. Few or no errors within the document.

Sentence structure (20%)

There is no structure to

the sentences and the flow is absent in the

document

There is adequate

structure to the sentences and there is some flow to the document

There is excellent

structure and flow to the document

Content (60%)

The content of the paper does not adequately

cover the article. The paragraphs

are not adequately designed.

The content of the paper adequately covers the

article. The paragraphs are

adequately designed.

The content of the paper covers

the article thoroughly. The paragraphs are well-designed.

Below is an example of an article review I wrote regarding the manuscript “Pathophysiological Aspects of Nephropathy caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs”. You can use it as an example for your summary. The article ‘Pathophysiological Aspects of Nephropathy caused by non-steroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs’ presented a brief review regarding the negative effects associated

with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications. Because of the

widespread use of NSAIDs for pain management, especially in elderly patients, this can be

exceptionally concerning because this population of patients has an increased percentage of

comorbidities that impact the cardiovascular and renal systems which are involved in drug

detoxification and elimination. NSAID use, particularly overuse, can develop into kidney

injury that can proceed from acute to chronic if the condition is not managed.

NSAIDs function by either non-specific blockage of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes or

specific blockage of either COX-1 or COX-2 enzymes that subsequently prevent the

conversion of arachidonic acid into E2 prostaglandins, prostacyclins, and thromboxanes.

These three compounds are critical in modulating vasodilation and the maintenance of renal

flow and glomerular filtration rate. Individuals with pre-existing conditions of the kidney

are most susceptible to complications related to water and electrolyte balance, especially

under conditions of dehydration. Another risk factor in this population is systemic arterial

hypertension, which triggers an overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

leading to increased vasoconstriction and a loss of compensatory vasodilation. Patients that

have similar difficulties such as those with lupus-associated nephritis, heart failure, ascites,

and nephrotic syndrome can be more significantly impacted. The most common effect of

hydroelectrolytic imbalances from NSAID use include hypernatremia leading to edema,

hypertension, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. These effects are commonly followed

by hypophosphatemia and hypomagnesemia within a few days of NSAID intake. The loss of

prostaglandin function that compensates for decreased renal perfusion as particularly seen

in cases of heart failure and hypovolemia (dehydration) are more likely to develop

nephrotoxicity due to increased water retention and hyperkalemia. In addition, NSAIDs may

reduce the efficacy of diuretics to reduce excess fluid loads by 20% and this can be

especially serious in patients with fluid load imbalances such as congestive heart failure.

These effects are primarily seen in patients that take COX-2 inhibitors, whereas patients

experiencing a sudden decrease in GFR are usually due to effects of COX-1 inhibitors.

Acute kidney injury is characterized by an abrupt reduction in GFR coupled with

oliguria/anuria an increase in compounds such as urea and creatinine (1.5 times higher than

a recent value) amongst others. The elderly are at exceptional risk of AKI from high doses

of NSAIDs. The prevention of renal perfusion and maintenance of GFR by ingestion of

NSAIDS can also present as acute tubular necrosis or acute interstitial nephritis with

nephrotic syndrome. This is commonly characterized by an infiltration of T-lymphocytes

that can progress to minimal lesion disease with nephrotic syndrome, however, once the

NSAIDs are stopped, kidney function typically can return to normal limits. Long-term and

high dosage of NSAIDs can contribute to chronic renal failure, particularly in patients with

renal comorbidities.