2 page essay book review
Mary1234
6.Gentrification-Housing.ppt.zip6. Gentrification - Housing.ppt
- Revised Syllabus due to President’s Day
Announcements
- Revised Syllabus due to President’s Day
- Meeting 7 – No Class
- Meeting 8: Migrant City
- Meeting 9: Riotous Cities and Rebellious Culture
- Meeting 10: Subversive Politics
Announcements
2. Book Review
- Handout on February 11
- Due: February 24
Announcements
THINK PAIR SHARE
- What is gentrification?
- Is it a good or bad thing? Take a position and support your answer either way
Gentrification
Weighing the Evidence of Gentrification: Statistic Evidence
Average City and Suburb Population Change by US Region, 1990-2000
| REGION | NUMBER | % CHANGE CITY | % CHANGE SUBURB | SUBURBAN ADVANTAGE |
| Northeast | 10 | -2.1 | 8.0 | 10.1 |
| South Atlantic | 16 | 9.4 | 22.9 | 13.5 |
| Mountain | 8 | 33.2 | 46.8 | 13.6 |
| Pacific | 22 | 13.5 | 17.0 | 3.6 |
| All METROS | 99 | 9.8 | 20.8 | 11.0 |
The Center of the Action: Survey of 24 Downtowns
Downtown Population Up, City Population Up – 12/24
| AREA | % CHANGE DOWNTOWN | % CHANGE CITY |
| Houston | 69 | 19.8 |
| Seattle | 67.4 | 9.1 |
| Chicago | 51.4 | 4.0 |
| Denver | 51.4 | 18.6 |
| Portland | 35.4 | 21.0 |
| Atlanta | 25.1 | 5.7 |
| Memphis | 18.2 | 6.5 |
| San Diego | 16.1 | 10.2 |
| Colorado Springs | 7.2 | 28.4 |
| Los Angeles | 5.7 | 6.0 |
| Boston | 4.5 | 2.6 |
The Center of the Action: Survey of 24 Downtowns
2) Downtown Population Up, City Population Down – 6/24
| AREA | % CHANGE DOWNTOWN | % CHANGE CITY |
| Cleveland | 32.2 | - 5.4 |
| Norfolk | 20.5 | - 10.3 |
| Baltimore | 5.1 | -11.5 |
| Philadelphia | 4.9 | -4.3 |
| Detroit | 2.9 | -7.5 |
| Milwaukee | 2.5 | -5.0 |
The Center of the Action: Survey of 24 Downtowns
Downtown Population Down, City Population Up – 4/24
| AREA | % CHANGE DOWNTOWN | % CHANGE CITY |
| Charlotte | -.7 | 36.6 |
| San Antonio | -5.9 | 22.3 |
| Lexington | -6.1 | 15.6 |
| Phoenix | -9.1 | 34.4 |
The Center of the Action: Downtowns
4) Downtown Population Down, City Population Down – 2/24
| AREA | % CHANGE DOWNTOWN | % CHANGE CITY |
| Cincinnati | -16.9 | -9 |
| St. Louis | -17.5 | -12.2 |
Racial Compositions of Downtowns:
| AREA | % CHANGE DOWNTOWN | % CHANGE CITY |
| White | 7.5 | -10.5 |
| Latino | 4 | 43 |
| African American | 6 | 3 |
Summary of Trends:
Suburbs have maintained a strong advantage over cities
Nevertheless, strong positive growth for most cities
For many cities, the 1990s was the strongest period of growth in 50 years
Downtowns seem to be a contributing factor to city revitalization
| All METROS | 99 | 9.8 | 20.8 | 11.0 |
| # CITIES | CITY | SUBURB | SUB. ADV. |
Source: Governing: States and Localities - http://www.governing.com/gov-data/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html
Gentrification Prevalent but different speeds
|
City |
Share of Eligible Tracts Gentrifying |
Gentrified Tracts |
Not Gentified |
Not Eligible to Gentfify |
Total Tracts |
|
Fast Gentrification |
|||||
|
Portland, OR |
58.10% |
36 |
26 |
80 |
142 |
|
Washington, DC |
51.90% |
54 |
50 |
75 |
179 |
|
Minneapolis, MN |
50.60% |
39 |
38 |
39 |
116 |
|
Seattle, WA |
50% |
7 |
7 |
118 |
132 |
|
Atlanta, GA |
46.20% |
30 |
35 |
62 |
127 |
|
Virginia Beach, VA |
46.20% |
6 |
7 |
86 |
99 |
|
Denver, CO |
42.10% |
24 |
33 |
87 |
144 |
|
Austin, TX |
39.70% |
25 |
38 |
119 |
182 |
|
Sacramento, CA |
30% |
15 |
35 |
54 |
104 |
|
New York, NY |
29.80% |
128 |
301 |
1723 |
2152 |
Source: Governing: States and Localities - http://www.governing.com/gov-data/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html
Gentrification Prevalent but different speeds
|
City |
Share of Eligible Tracts Gentrifying |
Gentrified Tracts |
Not Gentified |
Not Eligible to Gentfify |
Total Tracts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oakland, CA |
29.30% |
24 |
58 |
31 |
113 |
|
Philadelphia, PA |
28.70% |
84 |
209 |
90 |
383 |
|
Albuquerque, NM |
28.10% |
9 |
23 |
95 |
127 |
|
San Diego, CA |
27.50% |
22 |
58 |
202 |
282 |
|
Baltimore, MD |
23.20% |
39 |
129 |
32 |
200 |
|
Long Beach, CA |
22.40% |
11 |
38 |
62 |
111 |
|
Fort Worth, TX |
21.50% |
17 |
62 |
71 |
150 |
|
Omaha, NE |
21.40% |
12 |
44 |
75 |
131 |
|
Nashville, TN |
21.10% |
12 |
45 |
96 |
153 |
|
Boston, MA |
21.10% |
12 |
45 |
122 |
179 |
Source: Governing: States and Localities - http://www.governing.com/gov-data/gentrification-in-cities-governing-report.html
Gentrification Prevalent but different speeds
|
City |
Share of Eligible Tracts Gentrifying |
Gentrified Tracts |
Not Gentified |
Not Eligible to Gentfify |
Total Tracts |
|
Moderate Gentrification
|
|||||
|
San Francisco, CA |
18.80% |
3 |
13 |
180 |
196 |
|
Houston, TX |
18.40% |
35 |
155 |
271 |
461 |
|
Colorado Springs, CO |
17.60% |
6 |
28 |
61 |
95 |
|
Chicago, IL |
16.80% |
54 |
268 |
473 |
795 |
|
Jacksonville, FL |
16.20% |
11 |
57 |
95 |
163 |
|
Charlotte, NC |
15.80% |
9 |
48 |
137 |
194 |
|
Los Angeles, CA |
15.10% |
51 |
287 |
661 |
999 |
|
Phoenix, AZ |
14.20% |
20 |
121 |
214 |
355 |
|
Oklahoma City, OK |
13.20% |
9 |
59 |
128 |
196 |
|
Raleigh, NC |
13% |
3 |
20 |
59 |
82 |
Who Cares?
People
Academics
Turning Over Traditional View: “The wealthy seldom reverse their steps and move backwards into the obsolete housing which they are giving up” (Hoyt 1939:114).
Policy Makers
Gentrification - the Debate
The Debate: Demand-Side versus Supply-Side
Gentrification - the Debate
Three Key Propositions: David Ley (U. of British Columbia)
Change in the Structure of the Economic Change:
Culture:
Demographics
Strengths and Weaknesses
“To explain gentrification according to the gentrifiers’ actions alone, while ignoring the role of builders, developers, landlords, mortgage lenders, government agencies, real estate agents and tenants is excessively narrow (Smith 1996: 23)”
DEMAND SIDE ARGUMENT
Profits Matter More than Consumer Preference
“It appears that the needs of production – in particular the need to earn profit – are a more decisive initiative behind gentrification than consumer preference” (Smith 1996: 24).
SUPPLY SIDE ARGUMENT
The Theory: RENT GAP (low value, high potential profit)
The Role of Mortgage Capital and Collective Actors (investors, realtors, developers)
“All the consumer preference in the world will come to naught unless this long absent source of funding reappears” (Smith 1989: 253).
SUPPLY SIDE ARGUMENT
$$$$$$$ (High Value)
$ (Low Actual Value,
High Potential)
The Theory: Factors In Order
Structural Change: A New Economy and Occupational Structure
Some Areas and Not Others: Rent Gap
Demand for Inner City Property: Cultural Dispositions of New Middle Class
COMING TOGETHER DEMAND & SUPPLY ARGUMENTS
- What is the government’s role in supporting gentrification? And, Why?
- What are the specific things that urban planners do to support gentrification?
Sam Stein, Capital City
California Association of Realtors, 2016
| Southern California | ||||||||
| Los Angeles | 22 | 28 | 26 | $595,110 | $3,000 | $120,060 | ||
| Orange | 21 | 21 | 23 | $790,000 | $3,980 | $159,370 | ||
| Riverside | 38 | 39 | 42 | $387,000 | $1,950 | $78,070 | ||
| San Bernardino | 51 | 51 | 55 | $270,000 | $1,360 | $54,470 | ||
| San Diego | 26 | 26 | 28 | R | $607,000 | $3,060 | $122,460 | |
| Ventura | 27 | 27 | 34 | R | $634,000 | $3,200 | $127,900 |
| STATE/REGION/COUNTY | Q3-2017 | Q2-2017 | Q3-2016 | Median Home Price | Monthly Payment Including Taxes & Insurance | Minimum Qualifying Income |
Roy, R., Ong, P., and S. Jimenez “Impacts of the Widening Divide: Los Angeles at the Forefront fo the Rent Burden Crisis” Center for the Study of Inequality, UCLA, 2014
Roy, R., Ong, P., and S. Jimenez “Impacts of the Widening Divide: Los Angeles at the Forefront fo the Rent Burden Crisis” Center for the Study of Inequality, UCLA, 2014
Roy, R., Ong, P., and S. Jimenez “Impacts of the Widening Divide: Los Angeles at the Forefront fo the Rent Burden Crisis” Center for the Study of Inequality, UCLA, 2014
Evictions
https://evictionlab.org/national-estimates/
*
Desmond, Matthew. 2012. “Eviction and the Reproduction of Urban Poverty.” American Journal of Sociology 118 (1): 88–133.
Evictions
*
Desmond, Matthew. 2012. “Eviction and the Reproduction of Urban Poverty.” American Journal of Sociology 118 (1): 88–133.
Evictions
Homeless Trends
Homeless Trends
Policing the Poor in the Gentrifying City: Skid Row Los Angeles
Past Strategy (1960s – 2000): Containment
Internal Policing: Toleration
External Regulation: Cordoning off the Poor
Governing Homelessness
Homelessness as an Impediment of Gentrification
Governing Homelessness
Homelessness as an Impediment of Gentrification
Internal Regulation: ”Safe Cities” Initiative - Criminalizing the Homeless
"Some of these people do need help, but the majority of these people do not need help. They just need the push to get out. (LAPD Officer Mike Fernandez, LA Times, 9/9/2007).
Governing Homelessness
Regionalizing Homelessness
Regionalizing Homelessness
Regionalizing Homelessness
